2. Beginning of Imperialism
End of 1800-Height of
industrialization
Ethnocentric:Better than the rest
Take over for "their best interest"
Like Manifest Destiny:
Superiority
Need to expand in Pacific like Key Vocabulary:
Europe Isolationism-Staying out of
the affairs of other countries
3. Reasons
Imperialism: Stronger country takes
over a smaller one and controls it
Reasons: Need foreign trade, spread
Western beliefs, loss of Western
frontier, needed new place to settle
1) Want to sell goods for money
2) Racism: Dominion over inferior
Key Vocabulary:
races
Expansionism-Moving out of
3) Competition: Nations were
expanding because of trade--Belief
one's country for money,
economy would collapse if we did not superiority, and rivalry
expand
4. Japan Opens Trading Doors
Matthew Perry, a commodore, was
sent to Japan with four warships
Japanese had never seen steamships
Perry was ordered to leave, but first
gave letter from President Fillmore
One year later, returned with a fleet
of ships, and Japanese agreed to The Japanese were
Treaty of Kanagawa, making Japan "impressed" by
open its trading doors to American strength.
industrialism
5. Seward's Folly
Buys Alaska from Russia
for $7 million
2 cents an acre
Called Seward's Folly
Got Congress approval due
to hope of gaining Canada
Ended up being rich in oil
and lumber
6. US Navy
Imperialist Alfred Mahan, a
former navy captain, published
papers about navy
Believed America could only
survive through foreign trade
Trading ships needed to be
protected by navy vessel
steamships
US Navy went from 13 to 3rd most
powerful
"Great White Fleet"-Named after
white painted ship hulls
7. Spreading Out
"White Man's Burden" : US belief we had the
need and duty to spread and expand out
Annexed Hawaii to start expanding
Annexed Samoa later
8. Queen Liliuokalani
Hawaiian queen who loved
Hawaii independence and
resented foreign
interference in government
Against foreign traders
coming and going from
Hawaii
Gave her throne up after
seeing threat of American
forces
9. Open Door Policy
Open Door Policy in China
agreed by other powers:
America would be allowed to
trade with China markets
John Hay: Persuaded
everyone to be friends
Having America as an ally
"makes sense"
11. Boxer's Rebellion
John Hay convincing people to not be
angered by Chinese rebellion
Chinese use to be world power, but broke
down under many wars within
America wanted to continue trading and
making money
US did not actually care about Chinese
12. British cartoon of all the world powers flocking around the
dead carcass of China, trying to stake their share
13. Conflict with Spain
Fight over Cuba: rich in goods
Helped Cuban rebellion in order to get it under our
control
Left US military presence after Spanish-America War
Rough Riders-
Mixed crew of men
who joined other
troops and fought
under the watch of
Roosevelt
14. Spanish-American War
Newspaper depicting cruel Spanish
treatment of Cubans that were not
true
US battleship "Maine" was blown
up
American newspapers blamed
Spain, leading to US outrage
towards Spanish--yellow journalism
News got all nation backing the war:
Confidence of the public
Key Vocabulary:
4 month war: Easily defeated Yellow Journalism-Stories
Spanish navy written of sensational,
Battle of San Juan Hill: Lead by often untrue, events
Roosevelt
15. Pulitzer and Hearst
Yellow journalist who stirred
American anger with his
yellow journalism
Wrote stories of often false
tales of Spanish cruelty
towards Cubans
Blamed Spaniards for Maine
blowing up
16. Spanish-American War Results
US gains Puerto Rico and Guam
US takes Philippines: Major Spanish colony
Spain grants independence to Cuba
US troops remain in Cuba post-war
US gives itself the right to intervene in the
Cuban government whenever they want
Limited independence to Cuba, Puerto Rico,
and Philippines
17. Platt Amendment
Americans remaining in Cuba--Believed it was
not ready for independence
Let them write their own constitution
Amendment allowed US the right to intervene
US got naval base at Guantanamo Bay
18. Latin America
Roosevelt protector of our business in Latin
America
Americans want to build Panama Canal to be able
to ship easily to Asia--Across Isthmus of Panama
Colombia rejects plan to build canal
America supports rebellion in Panama against
Colombia
New Panama government grants us Canal
19. Foraker Act
New government set up in Puerto Rico
Limited Puerto Rican say in affairs
Made citizens of the US
Schools, roads, and health care given
Puerto Ricans still wanted to be free
21. Big Stick Policy
Roosevelt's says that America can negotiate
peacefully but has the threat of the "big stick"
which is the US military
22. Post-Use of the Big Stick
T used dollar diplomacy
aft
$ Diplomacy: Build economy and trade between US
and Latin America
Woodrow Wilson: Used moral diplomacy and sided
with democratic nations and peace
Wilson believed not siding with non-democratic
nations will crush their economy and they will submit
to America
23. Mexican Invasion
Mexican rebelled against Díaz, Mexican
president
Killings brought General Huerta into power
Wilson: "...government of butchers"
Capture and murder of American citizens
brought US intervention
American troops sent in, but withdrawn after
US force was demonstrated
24. World War One Overview
World War One started in Europe and eventually
spread to America as well, despite efforts of neutrality
The war lasted 4 bloody years and was between many
nations
25. Reasons behind the start
Extreme nationalism:
Pride in each country
that increased strained
Rival Countries and Why
rivalry
•Germany and France
Imperialistic powers were -France had to surrender Alsace-
racing to gain the most Lorraine, an iron-rich colony
land in other lands like •Austria-Hungary and Russia:
Africa -Nationalism increase hostility
-Russians encouraged Serbians to
Militarism: Countries were
rise against their rulers
expanding their armies
and navies in preparation
for war
26. Alliances
The network of alliances
was so that nations that
were attacked would
have countries
protecting them and
fighting back
Pre-War: Triple Alliance
of Germany, Austria-
Hungary, and Italy
Pre-War: Triple Entente
of France, Russia, and
Britain
29. What happened?
WW1 started because the heir
to Austria-Hungary, Francis
Ferdinand, was visiting Bosnia
and was assassinated
The Black Hand, a Serbian
terrorist group, were behind
the slaying
Serbia was accused and one
after another, attacks
occurred and all the alliances
were called in, starting the war
30. Trench Warfare
Trenches were dug, some shallow
and some elaborate with tunnels
Some served as HQs and hospitals Stalemate-
Deadlock when
Space between them called No neither side is
Man's Land strong enough to
overpower the
Attack by bombing opponents, then other
running across and trampling as
many ditches before the other side
does it back at you
31. Gas Warfare
Most feared weapon during war
Caused choking, blindness, or severe sin blisters
and killed many
Gas masks we're worn to prevent inhalation of
the dangerous chemicals
32. Submarine Warfare
German ports were blockaded so they used
U-boats to block British ports
Shot torpedoes at anyone going in or out of
Britain--including neutral ships
Angered Americans by shooting neutral
trading ships going to and from Britain
Agreed to first surface before shooting ships
down, due to American anger about Lusitania
34. Lusitania, a British passenger ship, was torpedoed, killing
1,200 passengers, some of whom were American
35. American Neutrality
Wanted to not be brought into European conflict
Continued to trade between all sides
Careful to join due to dictatorship countries on both sides--Czar of
Russia and Kaiser of Germany
Tension over Lusitania sinking
Propaganda: Spreading ideas to help get aid
36. Battle of Verdun
Lasted for 10 months due to nature of trench warfare
Germans lost 40,000 men trying to overrun French
troops
French lost more trying to defend trenches
38. Extra Vocabulary
Warmonger: Person who tries to stir up war
Kaiser: German ruler
Czar: Russian emperor
Armistice: Agreement to stop fighting
Pacifist: Someone who refuses to fight
Epidemic: Rapid spread of a disease
39. Home Front
Movie stars united to sell Liberty
Bonds: Bonds lent money to the
government in order to afford war
time needs and costs
Women stepped into men's jobs
and received better pays than in
peacetime
Intolerance and hatred of German
Americans led to mob violence
Migration of African and Mexican
Americans from the South to the Charlie Chapman, an actor,
North helped sell Liberty Bonds
40. War Labor Board
Federal agency
started by Wilson
Used to maintain
labor reliability
during wartime
needs
41. Early Allied Setbacks
Loss of millions of soldiers; Survivors were tired and ill
British and French civilians starving
Russia withdrew from war and after revolution, peace talks
started between Russia and Germany
Germany mobilized troops for the final push to end the war
Bombarded British, who endured--Turning point once
America entered
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk-
Ended Russian participation in the war
42. Allied Victory
American troops came to help French and
forced the Germans to retreat
Kaiser told the war could not be won and an
armistice stopped the fighting
43. Key Legislation
Zimmerman Telegraph: Proposal from Germany to
Mexico, asking for them to fight against US;
Intercepted by Britain
Selective Service Act: Federal government could
raise a hundreds of thousands sized national army
League of Nations: Passed after WW1 to ensure
global peace--Negotiating
Treaty of Versailles: Passed to end fighting
between Germany and Allied Forces
44. End of War
Wilson want peace without victory
France and Britain want Germany to suffer
League of Nation fails
US doesn't want to get into foreign
conflict
