The document discusses various grading and reporting systems used in education including letter grades, pass/fail systems, criterion-referenced grading, and portfolios. It also covers conducting parent-teacher conferences to discuss student performance and components that make up a student's overall grade such as tests, quizzes, projects, participation, and behavior. Effective grading requires thoughtful professional judgment and should not be used as a weapon against students.

1. 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Functions of Grading And Reporting
System
Types of Grading And Reporting System
Development of a Grading And
Reporting System
Assigning Letter Grades and Computing
Grades
Norm or Criterion-Referenced Grading
Distribution of Grades and Guidelines for
Effective Grading
Conducting Parents-Teacher
Conferences

3. “Grading requires Thoughtful
and Informed Professional
Judgment!”
“Do Not Use Grades as Weapon!”
“Grading is NOT Essential to
the Instructional Process.”

4. Students performance are summarized
by means of letters.
Example:
A stands for excellent, C
stands for average, D
stands for needing
improvement , and F as a
failure.

5. The pass or fail system utilizes
a dichotomous grade system.
Either a student has complied
and reached certain
standards, in which he passes
or he failed to do so and he
gets a failing mark.

6. The objectives of the course
are enumerated. After each
objective, the students’ level
of achievement is indicated:
Outstanding, Very Good,
Good, Fair or Poor.

7. Letters to parents and
guardians are useful
supplement to grades.
However, they have limited
value as sole report because
they are very time
consuming to prepare.

8. A portfolio is a set of
purposefully selected
works with commentary
by student and teacher.

9. Porfolios are useful for showing
students’ strenghts and
weaknesses, illustrating range of
students’ work. Showing progress
over time or stages of a
project, teaching students about
objectives /standards they are to
meet.

10. The parents of pupils
come for a conference with
the teacher to discuss the
pupils’ progress.
Portfolios, when available,
are useful basis for
discussion.

11. Conferences are useful for a
two-way flow of information
and getting more information
and cooperation from the
parents.

12. COMPONENTS OF THE STUDENT’S GRADE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
PERIODIC TEST
QUIZ
UNIT TEST
PARTICIPATION/PERFORMANCE
PROJECT/OUTPUT
ASSIGNMENT
BEHAVIOR