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Energy Efficiency in Buildings D PAWAN KUMAR
In current times of rapid infrastructure growth and looming energy crisis, there is a strong need to address and incorporate good practices for efficient energy and resource use while planning for buildings, be it for residential purpose or for commercial applications.  Some such good practices are presented in the following discussion.
What is a Green Building?  A Green Building is one which incorporates several Green features, such as: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Green buildings would squarely address ecological and  environmental impacts in a holistic manner and at the same time offer tremendous economic benefits to the occupants.
Benefits of Green Buildings   Green Buildings offer a range of benefits like : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Going for Green Buildings have tremendous benefits, both tangible and intangible.  The most tangible benefit is in reduction of operating energy and water costs right from day one during the entire life cycle of the building.
Typical Features of Green Buildings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Typical Features of Green Buildings  - Contd……
good building practices
Practice 1 : Plan for minimum energy requirements: Criteria: Establish the minimum level of energy efficiency for the base building and systems. Practice: Design to meet building energy efficiency and performance as required by ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-1999 or the local energy code, whichever is the more stringent.  Technologies & Strategies  : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ILLUSTRATIVE ENERGY SCENE IN TYPICAL OFFICE COMPLEXES No. of floors  5 12 17 Floor area (SQM) 14088 26248 19150 Units / SQM (Summer)  15.40 14.3 15.67 Units / SQM (Winter) refrigeration TR (installed)  8.87 8.61 7.83 Overall TR / SQM 0.06 0.055 0.04 Installed TR / SQM 0.05 0.041 0.032 Refrigeration kW/TR 1.16 1.25 2.0 COP 3.03 2.81 1.76 Chiller effectiveness  23% 25% 23% Condenser effectiveness  41% 32.3% 37% Lighting points / SQ.M floor area  0.13 0.17 0.23 Lighting load Watts / SQM 13.85 13.77 8.14 Water pumping (total) watts / SQM floor area (height related) 1.42 1.79 4.43 Lifting load watts / SQM floor area (height & Cap. Related) 6.67 7.24 10.23 Total connected load Watts / SQM 126.7 121.9 136.32
Practice 2 : Optimize Energy Performance   Criteria: Achieve increasing levels of energy performance above the pre-requisite standard to reduce environmental impacts associated with excessive energy use.  Practice: Reduce design energy cost compared to the energy cost budget for regulated energy components described in the requirements of ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999, as demonstrated by a whole building simulation using the Energy Cost Budget Method Regulated energy components include HVAC systems, building envelope, service hot water systems, lighting and other regulated systems as defined by ASHRAE.  Reduce design energy cost by  10 – 60%
Technologies & Strategies  : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Practice 3 :  Plan for increasing levels of Renewable Technology use   Criteria: Encourage and recognize increasing levels of self-supply through renewable technologies to reduce environmental impacts associated with fossil fuel energy use.  Practice: ,[object Object],[object Object],Technologies & Strategies  : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Practice 4 : Plan for minimizing CFC Refrigerants in  HVAC Equipment   Criteria: Reduce ozone depletion.  Practice: ,[object Object],[object Object],Technologies & Strategies  : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Practice 5 : Plan for minimizing Ozone Depletion   Criteria: Reduce ozone depletion and support early compliance with the Montreal Protocol.  Practice: Install base building level HVAC and refrigeration equipment and fire suppression systems that do not contain HCFC’s or Halons.  Technologies & Strategies  : ,[object Object],[object Object]
Practice 6 : Plan for easy accounting of energy &  water consumption   Criteria: Provide for the ongoing accountability and optimization of building energy and water consumption performance over time.  Practice: Plan  with the long term continuous measurement of performance : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Some Illustrative Norms : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Some more Good Practices – put to action
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Some more Good Practices – put to action  Contd…
Technologies & Strategies  : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Practice 7 :  Plan for Water efficient Landscaping   Criteria: Limit or eliminate the use of potable water for landscape irrigation.  Practice: ,[object Object],[object Object],Technologies & Strategies  : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Practice 8 : Plan for maximizing Wastewater reuse and less dependence on municipal water source   Criteria: Reduce the generation of wastewater and potable water demand, while increasing the local aquifer recharge.  Practice: ,[object Object],[object Object],Technologies & Strategies  : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Practice 9 : Plan for maximizing Water Use efficiency   Criteria: Maximize water efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on municipal water supply and wastewater systems.  Practice: ,[object Object],[object Object],Technologies & Strategies  : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Practice 10  :  Plan for Storage & Collection of Recyclables while building   Criteria: Facilitate the reduction of waste generated by building occupants that is hauled to and disposed of in landfills.  Practice: Provide an easily accessible area that serves the entire building and is dedicated to the separation, collection and storage of materials for recycling including (at a minimum) paper, glass, plastics, and metals.  Technologies & Strategies  : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Practice 11 : Plan for building life extension and re-use   Criteria: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Practice: ,[object Object],[object Object]
Technologies & Strategies  : ,[object Object],[object Object]
Practice 13 : Plan for increasing ventilation effectiveness   Criteria: Provide for the effective delivery and mixing of fresh air to support the health, safety, and comfort of building occupants.  Practice: ,[object Object],[object Object]
Technologies & Strategies  : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Practice 14 : Plan for minimum indoor air quality requirement   Criteria: Establish minimum indoor air quality (IAQ) performance to prevent the development of indoor air quality problems in buildings, maintaining the health and well being of the occupants.  Practice: Meet the minimum requirements of voluntary consensus standard ASHRAE 62-1999, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality and approved Addenda.  Technologies & Strategies  : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Practice 15 : Plan for increased use of local / regional materials   Criteria: Increase demand for building products that are manufactured locally, thereby reducing the environmental impacts resulting from their transportation and supporting the local economy.  Practice: Specify at least  20 – 50% of building materials that are manufactured within a state.  Technologies & Strategies  : ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Practice 16 : Plan for efficient and safe wiring practices   Criteria: Quality assurance of electrical  wiring material, wiring accessories, earthing, leakage protection, over load protection devices and metering to ensure safe and energy efficient distribution infra-structure.  Practice: Adopt well established standard material and engineering practices.  Technologies & Strategies  : MCCB’s, / MCBs, CVT’s, UPS, Electronic Ballasts, CFLs, remote controls for lights and fans, electronic regulators, earth leakage protection relays and occupancy sensors are some of the devices and technologies applicable in this context.
CONCLUSION  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
THANK  YOU

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Energy efficiency in buildings

  • 1. Energy Efficiency in Buildings D PAWAN KUMAR
  • 2. In current times of rapid infrastructure growth and looming energy crisis, there is a strong need to address and incorporate good practices for efficient energy and resource use while planning for buildings, be it for residential purpose or for commercial applications. Some such good practices are presented in the following discussion.
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  • 9. ILLUSTRATIVE ENERGY SCENE IN TYPICAL OFFICE COMPLEXES No. of floors 5 12 17 Floor area (SQM) 14088 26248 19150 Units / SQM (Summer) 15.40 14.3 15.67 Units / SQM (Winter) refrigeration TR (installed) 8.87 8.61 7.83 Overall TR / SQM 0.06 0.055 0.04 Installed TR / SQM 0.05 0.041 0.032 Refrigeration kW/TR 1.16 1.25 2.0 COP 3.03 2.81 1.76 Chiller effectiveness 23% 25% 23% Condenser effectiveness 41% 32.3% 37% Lighting points / SQ.M floor area 0.13 0.17 0.23 Lighting load Watts / SQM 13.85 13.77 8.14 Water pumping (total) watts / SQM floor area (height related) 1.42 1.79 4.43 Lifting load watts / SQM floor area (height & Cap. Related) 6.67 7.24 10.23 Total connected load Watts / SQM 126.7 121.9 136.32
  • 10. Practice 2 : Optimize Energy Performance Criteria: Achieve increasing levels of energy performance above the pre-requisite standard to reduce environmental impacts associated with excessive energy use. Practice: Reduce design energy cost compared to the energy cost budget for regulated energy components described in the requirements of ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-1999, as demonstrated by a whole building simulation using the Energy Cost Budget Method Regulated energy components include HVAC systems, building envelope, service hot water systems, lighting and other regulated systems as defined by ASHRAE. Reduce design energy cost by 10 – 60%
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  • 30. Practice 16 : Plan for efficient and safe wiring practices Criteria: Quality assurance of electrical wiring material, wiring accessories, earthing, leakage protection, over load protection devices and metering to ensure safe and energy efficient distribution infra-structure. Practice: Adopt well established standard material and engineering practices. Technologies & Strategies : MCCB’s, / MCBs, CVT’s, UPS, Electronic Ballasts, CFLs, remote controls for lights and fans, electronic regulators, earth leakage protection relays and occupancy sensors are some of the devices and technologies applicable in this context.
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