The five pillars of infrastructure monitoring are: 1) Know your infrastructure stack by keeping information up-to-date and using automated collection processes, 2) Know your monitoring tools and how different tools are used to monitor aspects of infrastructure, 3) Consolidate monitoring output into a single view for easier analysis and visualization, 4) Setup a proper support organization to handle alerts and detect impacts, and 5) Make monitoring smart by following event chains and predicting events based on historical patterns.