SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 11
Download to read offline
Damaris Escobar
June 2012
   Materials selection, adaptation, or writing is an important
    area in ESP teaching, representing a practical result of
    effective course development and providing students with
    materials that will equip them with the knowledge they will
    need in their future business life.

   One of the most important issues regarding ESP materials
    selection and/or writing is whether the materials selected
    should be solely or primarily subject specific and what the
    most appropriate ratio of general materials to subject-
    specific materials is.
   The use of subject-specific textbooks is also
    more in line with the realization that
    students   are   individuals   with    different
    needs, styles, and interests and with some
    central traits of cognitive theory, which, as
    Skela points out, are the following:
   - It focuses on purposeful learning;

   - The learner is seen as an active processor of information;

   - Learning is the process by which the learner tries to make

    sense   of   the   information     by   imposing   a   meaningful

    interpretation or pattern on it;

   - One of the basic teaching techniques is problem-solving;

   - Recently it has been associated with a focus on deliberate

    acquisition of a language as a logical system;

   - The importance of carefully selected rules, which can

    provide an important shortcut in learning process
   According to Prabhu (1994: 94), another
    important issue regarding materials is
    that they should be used as sources:
    “The fact that materials need to be used
    as sources rather than as pre-
    constructed courses should not be
    regarded as a weakness of task-based
    teaching; it can in fact be a strength for
    any form of teaching”.
As Ellis and Johnson (1994: 115) emphasize, the choice of
    materials has a major impact on what happens in the course.
    This impact is demonstrated on the following three levels:

   - It “determines what kind of language the learners will be
    exposed to and, as a consequence, the substance of what they
    will learn in terms of vocabulary, structures, and functions”;

   - It “has implications for the methods and techniques by which
    the learners will learn”;

   - Last but not least, “the subject of or content of the materials is
    an essential component of the package from the point of view
    of relevance and motivation”.
ESP is predominantly student-centred, and consequently
    students’ considerations should be at the top of the list of
    selection criteria. According to Lewis and Hill, students’
    considerations include the following:

   - Will the materials be useful to the students?

   - Do they stimulate students’ curiosity?

   - Are the materials relevant to the students and their needs?

   - Are they fun to do?

   - Will the students find the tasks and activities worth doing
    (adapted from Lewis and Hill, 1993: 52-53)?
   After analysing learner needs and setting
    objectives for the course, the ESP teacher has
    to select materials that will help the students
    achieve    the   course       objectives   (Ellis   and
    Johnson, 1994). These materials should also
    relate closely to the learners’ specific skills and
    content    needs,      which     is   an     important
    precondition     for   full   exploitation    of    the
    materials as well as the learners’ motivation.
   Materials evaluation is an important part of
    materials selection as well as the materials
    development    process.   In   both   cases,
    evaluation is primarily “concerned with
    relative merit. There is no absolute good or
    bad – only degrees of fitness for the
    required purpose” (Hutchinson and Waters,
    1994: 96).
Cunnings worth, the three different types
    of evaluation are:

   Pre-use evaluation

   In-use evaluation

   Post-use evaluation (cited in Čepon
    2008: 107).
Materials design

More Related Content

What's hot

Esp Needs Analysis
Esp Needs AnalysisEsp Needs Analysis
Esp Needs AnalysisDee Mute
 
structural syllabus -- funtional syllabus
structural syllabus -- funtional syllabusstructural syllabus -- funtional syllabus
structural syllabus -- funtional syllabusMasrurin Lailiyah
 
Designing an Esp Syllabus
Designing an Esp SyllabusDesigning an Esp Syllabus
Designing an Esp SyllabusModel
 
Materials development for language learning and teaching
Materials development for language learning and teachingMaterials development for language learning and teaching
Materials development for language learning and teachingBike
 
Esp theories of learning
Esp theories of learningEsp theories of learning
Esp theories of learningNova Isnawati
 
needs analysis in course design
needs analysis in course designneeds analysis in course design
needs analysis in course designPalendja Etta
 
Approches to course design in ESP
Approches to course design in ESPApproches to course design in ESP
Approches to course design in ESPRafia Amanat
 
Needs Analysis and Evaluation In English Specific Purposes
Needs Analysis and Evaluation In English Specific PurposesNeeds Analysis and Evaluation In English Specific Purposes
Needs Analysis and Evaluation In English Specific PurposesLord Mark Jayson Ilarde
 
Needs analysis
Needs analysisNeeds analysis
Needs analysistahajoon
 
Esp chap 4 materials design (finished)
Esp chap 4   materials design (finished)Esp chap 4   materials design (finished)
Esp chap 4 materials design (finished)Nik Nor Nabillah Anis
 
the nature of approaches and methods in language
the nature of approaches and methods in languagethe nature of approaches and methods in language
the nature of approaches and methods in languageSane Alexander
 
Types of Syllabus- ESP (English for Specific Purposes)
Types of Syllabus- ESP (English for Specific Purposes)Types of Syllabus- ESP (English for Specific Purposes)
Types of Syllabus- ESP (English for Specific Purposes)MjAbles1
 
ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES
ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSESENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES
ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSESCarrie Carraway
 

What's hot (20)

Esp Needs Analysis
Esp Needs AnalysisEsp Needs Analysis
Esp Needs Analysis
 
Use of Authentic Materials in ELT Class
Use of Authentic Materials in ELT ClassUse of Authentic Materials in ELT Class
Use of Authentic Materials in ELT Class
 
structural syllabus -- funtional syllabus
structural syllabus -- funtional syllabusstructural syllabus -- funtional syllabus
structural syllabus -- funtional syllabus
 
Language curriculum design
Language curriculum designLanguage curriculum design
Language curriculum design
 
Designing an Esp Syllabus
Designing an Esp SyllabusDesigning an Esp Syllabus
Designing an Esp Syllabus
 
Product oriented syllabus1
Product oriented syllabus1Product oriented syllabus1
Product oriented syllabus1
 
Materials development for language learning and teaching
Materials development for language learning and teachingMaterials development for language learning and teaching
Materials development for language learning and teaching
 
Syllabus Design
Syllabus Design Syllabus Design
Syllabus Design
 
Esp theories of learning
Esp theories of learningEsp theories of learning
Esp theories of learning
 
needs analysis in course design
needs analysis in course designneeds analysis in course design
needs analysis in course design
 
Approches to course design in ESP
Approches to course design in ESPApproches to course design in ESP
Approches to course design in ESP
 
Evaluation in ESP
Evaluation in ESPEvaluation in ESP
Evaluation in ESP
 
Needs Analysis and Evaluation In English Specific Purposes
Needs Analysis and Evaluation In English Specific PurposesNeeds Analysis and Evaluation In English Specific Purposes
Needs Analysis and Evaluation In English Specific Purposes
 
Lexical approach
Lexical approachLexical approach
Lexical approach
 
Needs analysis
Needs analysisNeeds analysis
Needs analysis
 
What is CLT?
What is CLT?What is CLT?
What is CLT?
 
Esp chap 4 materials design (finished)
Esp chap 4   materials design (finished)Esp chap 4   materials design (finished)
Esp chap 4 materials design (finished)
 
the nature of approaches and methods in language
the nature of approaches and methods in languagethe nature of approaches and methods in language
the nature of approaches and methods in language
 
Types of Syllabus- ESP (English for Specific Purposes)
Types of Syllabus- ESP (English for Specific Purposes)Types of Syllabus- ESP (English for Specific Purposes)
Types of Syllabus- ESP (English for Specific Purposes)
 
ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES
ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSESENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES
ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSES
 

Viewers also liked

Material evaluation esp group 5
Material evaluation esp group 5Material evaluation esp group 5
Material evaluation esp group 5Reni Putri Gemini
 
Material evaluation
Material evaluationMaterial evaluation
Material evaluationDina El Dik
 
Materials evaluation
Materials evaluationMaterials evaluation
Materials evaluationNina Zotina
 
Esp materials evaluation
Esp materials evaluationEsp materials evaluation
Esp materials evaluationlarka
 
Présentation du Material Design
Présentation du Material DesignPrésentation du Material Design
Présentation du Material DesignDavid Dadon
 
Google Material design
Google Material designGoogle Material design
Google Material designDan Vitoriano
 
Interdisciplinary curriculum
Interdisciplinary curriculumInterdisciplinary curriculum
Interdisciplinary curriculumFadi Sukkari
 
Training and developent of supervisor assgn 2
Training and developent of supervisor assgn 2Training and developent of supervisor assgn 2
Training and developent of supervisor assgn 2Aakash Singh
 
Contrastive analysis (ca)
Contrastive analysis (ca)Contrastive analysis (ca)
Contrastive analysis (ca)Fadi Sukkari
 
Material Design: Google's New Design Language
Material Design: Google's New Design LanguageMaterial Design: Google's New Design Language
Material Design: Google's New Design LanguageRaveesh Bhalla
 

Viewers also liked (20)

Material evaluation esp group 5
Material evaluation esp group 5Material evaluation esp group 5
Material evaluation esp group 5
 
Material evaluation
Material evaluationMaterial evaluation
Material evaluation
 
Materials evaluation
Materials evaluationMaterials evaluation
Materials evaluation
 
Material evaluation
Material evaluationMaterial evaluation
Material evaluation
 
Esp materials evaluation
Esp materials evaluationEsp materials evaluation
Esp materials evaluation
 
Materials Evaluation Intro
Materials Evaluation IntroMaterials Evaluation Intro
Materials Evaluation Intro
 
Le Flat Design
Le Flat DesignLe Flat Design
Le Flat Design
 
Flat Design
Flat DesignFlat Design
Flat Design
 
Material design
Material designMaterial design
Material design
 
Material design
Material designMaterial design
Material design
 
Présentation du Material Design
Présentation du Material DesignPrésentation du Material Design
Présentation du Material Design
 
Google Material design
Google Material designGoogle Material design
Google Material design
 
Interdisciplinary curriculum
Interdisciplinary curriculumInterdisciplinary curriculum
Interdisciplinary curriculum
 
Specs design
Specs designSpecs design
Specs design
 
Sense reference
Sense referenceSense reference
Sense reference
 
Training and developent of supervisor assgn 2
Training and developent of supervisor assgn 2Training and developent of supervisor assgn 2
Training and developent of supervisor assgn 2
 
Contrastive analysis (ca)
Contrastive analysis (ca)Contrastive analysis (ca)
Contrastive analysis (ca)
 
Material Design: Google's New Design Language
Material Design: Google's New Design LanguageMaterial Design: Google's New Design Language
Material Design: Google's New Design Language
 
Tendances Web Design 2015
Tendances Web Design 2015Tendances Web Design 2015
Tendances Web Design 2015
 
ESP Materiasl Evaluation
ESP Materiasl EvaluationESP Materiasl Evaluation
ESP Materiasl Evaluation
 

Similar to Materials design

A Literature Review Of Assessment For Learning In Science
A Literature Review Of Assessment For Learning In ScienceA Literature Review Of Assessment For Learning In Science
A Literature Review Of Assessment For Learning In ScienceJim Webb
 
Needsanalysis badreabdeslam-091223123607-phpapp02
Needsanalysis badreabdeslam-091223123607-phpapp02Needsanalysis badreabdeslam-091223123607-phpapp02
Needsanalysis badreabdeslam-091223123607-phpapp02Husnain Imtiaz
 
The Elements of Developing Curriculum.pptx
The Elements of Developing Curriculum.pptxThe Elements of Developing Curriculum.pptx
The Elements of Developing Curriculum.pptxpacadafe
 
Applications Of Psychological Science To Teaching And Learning Gaps In The L...
Applications Of Psychological Science To Teaching And Learning  Gaps In The L...Applications Of Psychological Science To Teaching And Learning  Gaps In The L...
Applications Of Psychological Science To Teaching And Learning Gaps In The L...Christine Williams
 
Chapter 1. Curriculum Design and Instructions
Chapter 1. Curriculum Design and Instructions Chapter 1. Curriculum Design and Instructions
Chapter 1. Curriculum Design and Instructions HennaAnsari
 
Shabaan assessment of_young_learners
Shabaan assessment of_young_learnersShabaan assessment of_young_learners
Shabaan assessment of_young_learnersbe_mine
 
Using studio based learning for enhancing efl preservice
Using studio based learning for enhancing efl preserviceUsing studio based learning for enhancing efl preservice
Using studio based learning for enhancing efl preserviceAlexander Decker
 
Degree of creative teaching skills used by teachers practicing social studies...
Degree of creative teaching skills used by teachers practicing social studies...Degree of creative teaching skills used by teachers practicing social studies...
Degree of creative teaching skills used by teachers practicing social studies...Alexander Decker
 
37.pedagogical content knowledge cochran
37.pedagogical content knowledge cochran37.pedagogical content knowledge cochran
37.pedagogical content knowledge cochranupsi
 
The Mismatch between EAP Teachers’ Beliefs and Classroom Practices toward For...
The Mismatch between EAP Teachers’ Beliefs and Classroom Practices toward For...The Mismatch between EAP Teachers’ Beliefs and Classroom Practices toward For...
The Mismatch between EAP Teachers’ Beliefs and Classroom Practices toward For...AJHSSR Journal
 
Materials Evaluation
Materials EvaluationMaterials Evaluation
Materials EvaluationMaryJane162
 
55610 633999983287741250
55610 63399998328774125055610 633999983287741250
55610 633999983287741250Aj Balita
 
Curriculum development
Curriculum developmentCurriculum development
Curriculum developmentcuterodz042909
 
Curriculum approaches
Curriculum approachesCurriculum approaches
Curriculum approachessivavani1
 
Curricularist as a Knower
Curricularist as a KnowerCurricularist as a Knower
Curricularist as a KnowerJM Gamboa
 

Similar to Materials design (20)

Material design
Material designMaterial design
Material design
 
A Literature Review Of Assessment For Learning In Science
A Literature Review Of Assessment For Learning In ScienceA Literature Review Of Assessment For Learning In Science
A Literature Review Of Assessment For Learning In Science
 
Needsanalysis badreabdeslam-091223123607-phpapp02
Needsanalysis badreabdeslam-091223123607-phpapp02Needsanalysis badreabdeslam-091223123607-phpapp02
Needsanalysis badreabdeslam-091223123607-phpapp02
 
The Elements of Developing Curriculum.pptx
The Elements of Developing Curriculum.pptxThe Elements of Developing Curriculum.pptx
The Elements of Developing Curriculum.pptx
 
Applications Of Psychological Science To Teaching And Learning Gaps In The L...
Applications Of Psychological Science To Teaching And Learning  Gaps In The L...Applications Of Psychological Science To Teaching And Learning  Gaps In The L...
Applications Of Psychological Science To Teaching And Learning Gaps In The L...
 
Chapter 1. Curriculum Design and Instructions
Chapter 1. Curriculum Design and Instructions Chapter 1. Curriculum Design and Instructions
Chapter 1. Curriculum Design and Instructions
 
Shabaan assessment of_young_learners
Shabaan assessment of_young_learnersShabaan assessment of_young_learners
Shabaan assessment of_young_learners
 
Using studio based learning for enhancing efl preservice
Using studio based learning for enhancing efl preserviceUsing studio based learning for enhancing efl preservice
Using studio based learning for enhancing efl preservice
 
Workshop PBL Unand
Workshop PBL UnandWorkshop PBL Unand
Workshop PBL Unand
 
Degree of creative teaching skills used by teachers practicing social studies...
Degree of creative teaching skills used by teachers practicing social studies...Degree of creative teaching skills used by teachers practicing social studies...
Degree of creative teaching skills used by teachers practicing social studies...
 
37.pedagogical content knowledge cochran
37.pedagogical content knowledge cochran37.pedagogical content knowledge cochran
37.pedagogical content knowledge cochran
 
The Mismatch between EAP Teachers’ Beliefs and Classroom Practices toward For...
The Mismatch between EAP Teachers’ Beliefs and Classroom Practices toward For...The Mismatch between EAP Teachers’ Beliefs and Classroom Practices toward For...
The Mismatch between EAP Teachers’ Beliefs and Classroom Practices toward For...
 
mam_pasha.docx
mam_pasha.docxmam_pasha.docx
mam_pasha.docx
 
Language curriculum
Language curriculumLanguage curriculum
Language curriculum
 
Materials Evaluation
Materials EvaluationMaterials Evaluation
Materials Evaluation
 
55610 633999983287741250
55610 63399998328774125055610 633999983287741250
55610 633999983287741250
 
Curriculum
CurriculumCurriculum
Curriculum
 
Curriculum development
Curriculum developmentCurriculum development
Curriculum development
 
Curriculum approaches
Curriculum approachesCurriculum approaches
Curriculum approaches
 
Curricularist as a Knower
Curricularist as a KnowerCurricularist as a Knower
Curricularist as a Knower
 

More from damarisescobar1911

More from damarisescobar1911 (13)

Input, interaction, foreigner and teacher talk
Input, interaction, foreigner and teacher talkInput, interaction, foreigner and teacher talk
Input, interaction, foreigner and teacher talk
 
Input, interaction, foeigner and teacher talk
Input, interaction, foeigner and teacher talkInput, interaction, foeigner and teacher talk
Input, interaction, foeigner and teacher talk
 
Krashen modified [autoguardado]
Krashen modified [autoguardado]Krashen modified [autoguardado]
Krashen modified [autoguardado]
 
Contrastive analysis
Contrastive analysisContrastive analysis
Contrastive analysis
 
Second language acquisition stages
Second language acquisition stagesSecond language acquisition stages
Second language acquisition stages
 
 
Neurolinguistics damaris escobar [autoguardado]
Neurolinguistics damaris escobar [autoguardado]Neurolinguistics damaris escobar [autoguardado]
Neurolinguistics damaris escobar [autoguardado]
 
Presentacion internet seguro upel
Presentacion internet seguro upelPresentacion internet seguro upel
Presentacion internet seguro upel
 
Ludoteca
LudotecaLudoteca
Ludoteca
 
La escuela ecologica power point
La escuela ecologica  power pointLa escuela ecologica  power point
La escuela ecologica power point
 
Special for you
Special for you Special for you
Special for you
 
Special for you
Special for you Special for you
Special for you
 
Empowerment coaching y liderazgo equipo 5
Empowerment coaching y liderazgo equipo 5Empowerment coaching y liderazgo equipo 5
Empowerment coaching y liderazgo equipo 5
 

Recently uploaded

What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?TechSoup
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepobaje godwin sunday
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsEugene Lysak
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxDr. Santhosh Kumar. N
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17Celine George
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxSaurabhParmar42
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxEduSkills OECD
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapitolTechU
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationMJDuyan
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...CaraSkikne1
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptxmary850239
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17Celine George
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfTechSoup
 

Recently uploaded (20)

What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
What is the Future of QuickBooks DeskTop?
 
General views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and stepGeneral views of Histopathology and step
General views of Histopathology and step
 
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdfHED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
HED Office Sohayok Exam Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
 
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptxM-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
M-2- General Reactions of amino acids.pptx
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
 
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptxCAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
CAULIFLOWER BREEDING 1 Parmar pptx
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptxPISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
PISA-VET launch_El Iza Mohamedou_19 March 2024.pptx
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
 
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive EducationBenefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
Benefits & Challenges of Inclusive Education
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
 
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
How to Add a New Field in Existing Kanban View in Odoo 17
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
 
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
How to Add a many2many Relational Field in Odoo 17
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdfMaximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
Maximizing Impact_ Nonprofit Website Planning, Budgeting, and Design.pdf
 

Materials design

  • 2. Materials selection, adaptation, or writing is an important area in ESP teaching, representing a practical result of effective course development and providing students with materials that will equip them with the knowledge they will need in their future business life.  One of the most important issues regarding ESP materials selection and/or writing is whether the materials selected should be solely or primarily subject specific and what the most appropriate ratio of general materials to subject- specific materials is.
  • 3. The use of subject-specific textbooks is also more in line with the realization that students are individuals with different needs, styles, and interests and with some central traits of cognitive theory, which, as Skela points out, are the following:
  • 4. - It focuses on purposeful learning;  - The learner is seen as an active processor of information;  - Learning is the process by which the learner tries to make sense of the information by imposing a meaningful interpretation or pattern on it;  - One of the basic teaching techniques is problem-solving;  - Recently it has been associated with a focus on deliberate acquisition of a language as a logical system;  - The importance of carefully selected rules, which can provide an important shortcut in learning process
  • 5. According to Prabhu (1994: 94), another important issue regarding materials is that they should be used as sources: “The fact that materials need to be used as sources rather than as pre- constructed courses should not be regarded as a weakness of task-based teaching; it can in fact be a strength for any form of teaching”.
  • 6. As Ellis and Johnson (1994: 115) emphasize, the choice of materials has a major impact on what happens in the course. This impact is demonstrated on the following three levels:  - It “determines what kind of language the learners will be exposed to and, as a consequence, the substance of what they will learn in terms of vocabulary, structures, and functions”;  - It “has implications for the methods and techniques by which the learners will learn”;  - Last but not least, “the subject of or content of the materials is an essential component of the package from the point of view of relevance and motivation”.
  • 7. ESP is predominantly student-centred, and consequently students’ considerations should be at the top of the list of selection criteria. According to Lewis and Hill, students’ considerations include the following:  - Will the materials be useful to the students?  - Do they stimulate students’ curiosity?  - Are the materials relevant to the students and their needs?  - Are they fun to do?  - Will the students find the tasks and activities worth doing (adapted from Lewis and Hill, 1993: 52-53)?
  • 8. After analysing learner needs and setting objectives for the course, the ESP teacher has to select materials that will help the students achieve the course objectives (Ellis and Johnson, 1994). These materials should also relate closely to the learners’ specific skills and content needs, which is an important precondition for full exploitation of the materials as well as the learners’ motivation.
  • 9. Materials evaluation is an important part of materials selection as well as the materials development process. In both cases, evaluation is primarily “concerned with relative merit. There is no absolute good or bad – only degrees of fitness for the required purpose” (Hutchinson and Waters, 1994: 96).
  • 10. Cunnings worth, the three different types of evaluation are:  Pre-use evaluation  In-use evaluation  Post-use evaluation (cited in Čepon 2008: 107).