2. 1. Group the class into 5 groups
2. Each group must appoint for a leader
and secretary.
3. Once you hear “what is your score”
the group must announce their score.
4. The first group who announce their
score will get an additional points.
5. Highest score gets 10pts- 8 pts- 6 pts-
4 pts.-2 pts
16. Let’s Ponder
Complete the following statements.
I believe that this world is
_______ because _______.
The ______ kind of life is the
best kind of life.
The most important thing man
must have is _______.
Activity 1: INDIVIDUAL ACTIVITY
17. Can these statements be considered
Philosophies?
Can Philosophy help you clarify and
defined these statements? How?
Analysis :
18. Guide Questions:
Group Discussion:
1. What are your personal ideas
about the nature of the world and
the universe?
2. What characteristics distinguish
man from all other things that
exist?
3. Group Reporting.
Activity 2:
19. Analysis :
* What is real?
* Are we able to perceive and
understand reality and
everything in it?
* How do we know what we
know?
* Are the things that we know
true?
26. REALITY
Refers to the state of
existence of things
independent of human
consciousness.
(Physical things what we see, feel,
taste, and smell, as well as things
that we cannot easily perceive and
comprehend.)
33. Empiricism
Is another theory which
considers knowledge to be
posteriori knowledge or
knowledge gained from
experience.
34. Skepticism
Questions the certainty of
established doctrines or
truths and believes that the
mind has limits in perceiving
and understanding reality.
41. The final significant problem that
Philosophy tackles is the Question
of Ethics
ETHICS - deals with the
standards of right and wrong
which define human
behavior.
42. Ethics - as a field of study,
discusses and define concepts
and principles which are meant to
govern reasoning and action.
Moral Philosophy – branch that
seeks to apply and analyze these
concepts in various situations,
context, and cultures, and
recommends guidelines that will
govern the decisions and actions of
people.
45. Methods and Tools do
Philosophers use in the
conduct of their study
Systematic doubt – skeptical
attitude in looking an ideas, events
or things.
Each aspect of the topic in
question is analyzed to determine
its validity or truthfulness.
46. Argument - Philosophers engage
in discussion and debate on their
ideas.
Dialectic - Varied and differing
ideas and perspectives are
analyzed and from the information
gathered, new ideas and views are
formulated.
47. Socratic Method - analyzing a
topic by formulating a series of
questions designed to analyze
its various aspects, and examine
and clarify a person’s view on it.
48. Axioms - refers to assumptions
which are taken for granted in a
philosophical discussion.
- Provide a foundation and direction
in philosophical studies.
49. Occam’s razor - it is a problem
solving device used in analyzing
possible explanations regarding a
phenomenon.
- This principles state that among
possible explanations, the one
which has the least assumptions is
the most acceptable.
50. Formal Logic - it is a systematic
analysis of the validity of arguments
and statements. Logic often entails
the use of Syllogism or logical
arguments presented as a series of
related statements.
51. Thought experiment and allegory
- these are imagined scenarios
used to illustrate a certain problem
or describe a theory.
53. The “ship of Theseus” – which
illustrates problems with the concept of
an object’s identity
“Prisoner’s dilemma” – which explores
how an individual’s objectives and
motivations affects his willingness to
cooperate.
54. Allegory of the Cave - used
by Plato to describe his
theory of forms and his ideas
on how our perception
affects knowledge.
55. WHAT ARE THE PRACTICAL
USES OF PHILOSOPHY IN
OUR LIVES?
56. 1. Philosophy requires a person
to engage in analysis and
interpretation of concepts,
definitions, arguments, and
problems.
61. APPLICATION:
1. In your personal life, what are the
things that you consider “real” “true”
or unchanging?
2. Did you experience a situation
where you had to defend your
beliefs? Share your experience in
class.
62. 3. Have you experienced a
situation where what you
believed to be true turned out
to be untrue? How did this
experience affect you?
