1. Capnography Erika A. Gibson, DVM Michigan State University Small Animal Clinical Sciences

9. Phases of the Capnogram Phase I Expiration Represents anatomical dead space Phase II Expiration Mixture of anatomical and alveolar dead space Phase III Expiration Plateau of alveolar expiration Phase 0 Inspiration Rapid fall in CO 2 concentration Phase IV Exhalation Compromised thoracic compliance

11. Hyperventilation Progressively lower plateau (phase II) segment Baseline remains at zero Decreasing CO 2 levels

16. Inspiratory Valve Malfunction Increasing elevation of baseline Increasing elevation of Phase II Smaller waveform represents rebreathing of CO 2

17. Bronchospasm Airway Obstruction COPD Sloping of inspiratory and expiratory segments Prolonged Phase II and Phase III

18. Rebreathing of Soda Lime Contamination with CO 2 Elevation of Phase II segment and baseline Elevation of baseline and Phase II, smaller inspiratory efforts Progressive elevation of Phase II and baseline

19. Bain System Smaller wave form represents rebreathing of CO 2