1. &
Images via http://www.tcd.ie and http://teachingandlearning.ie
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Copyright Teaching
Reform Learning
Dr Eoin O’Dell, School of Law, TCD
Chair, Copyright Review Committee
4

2. Image source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/jobsenterinnov/10571664844/in/photostream/ used by kind permission of DJEI
Copyright Review Committee
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

3. Image source: http://pixabay.com/en/flat-food-cake-cartoon-desserts-25430/
Established 9 May 2011
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

4. Terms of Reference
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Codex_Vaticanus_B,_2Thess._3,11-18,_Hebr._1,1-2,2.jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

5. Terms of Reference
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Codex_Vaticanus_B,_2Thess._3,11-18,_Hebr._1,1-2,2.jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
1 Examine copyright legislation to
identify barriers to innovation
2 Recommend solutions
3 Examine fair use
4 Make EU Recommendations
Digital-compliant / tech-neutral

6. 1 First public meeting (04/07/11)
2 First round of submissions
3 Paper (29/02/12)
Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WLANL_-_MicheleLovesArt_-_Van_Gogh_Museum_-_Three_books,_1887.jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

7. Image source: http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/crc_consultation_paper.pdf
#CRC12
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

8. 4 Second public meeting (24/04/12)
5 Second round of submissions
incl online questionnaires
6 Report (01/10/13)
Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WLANL_-_MicheleLovesArt_-_Van_Gogh_Museum_-_Three_books,_1887.jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

9. Image sources: http://www9.georgetown.edu/faculty/jod/Picts/cathach.shrine.jpg and http://www.djei.ie/publications/science/2013/CRC-Report.pdf
#CRC13
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

10. #CRC13
Image sources: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cow_cartoon_04.svg and : http://www.djei.ie/publications/science/2013/CRC-Report.pdf
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

11. Image source: http://www.enterprise.gov.ie/en/Publications/CRC-Report.pdf
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

12. 7 Third public meeting (09/12/13)
8 DJEI - “thinking / listening” mode
9 New Act? 2014?? #CRC14
Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WLANL_-_MicheleLovesArt_-_Van_Gogh_Museum_-_Three_books,_1887.jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

13. ©
http://www.flickr.com/photos/cornie/1596598696/ & http://www.flickr.com/photos/garrettziegler/8218332742/ & http://www.briarpress.org/684
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

14. Copyright Council
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Victoria_Privy_Council_(Wilke).jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

15. Copyright Council
created by the copyright community
as an independent self-funding body
with a widely representative Board
recognised by the Minister
supported and underpinned by the Bill
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Victoria_Privy_Council_(Wilke).jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

16. Copyright Council
Alternative
Dispute
Resolution
Service
Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/dalbera/6275331005/sizes/o/in/photostream/
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

17. Copyright Council
Orphan
Works
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_kennington_orphans_1885.jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

18. Copyright Council
Education,
Advice,
Advocacy
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Victoria_Privy_Council_(Wilke).jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

19. Orphan
Works
Image source: http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/copyrightconsultation.htm
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

20. ©
http://www.flickr.com/photos/cornie/1596598696/ and http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Printer_in_1568-ce.png
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

21. Rightsowners
Did not recommend levies
Remove unintended potential perpetual
copyright in unpublished works
Extend the range of civil remedies, incl
- damages
- rights of rightsowners to
enforce TPMs
http://www.flickr.com/photos/cornie/1596598696/ and http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Printer_in_1568-ce.png
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

22. Photographers
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Photographers_by_Augustas_Didzgalvis.jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

23. ©
Image sources: http://www.google.com and http://www.youtube.com
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

24. Orphan
Works
Image source: http://www.mcgarrsolicitors.ie/2012/05/10/newspaper-licencing-ireland/
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

25. Linking not an
infringement
of copyright …
(draft Section
87A(1) CRRA)
Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/34547181@N00/4309431757/
Linking
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

26. … unless linker
knew or ought
to have known
that it linked to
infringing copy
(draft Section
87A(2) CRRA)
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Internet_map_1024.jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

27. a hyperlink is not
enough to constitute
communication to
the public
Paramount v BSkyB
[2013] EWHC 3479
(Ch) (13 Nov 2013)
[32] (Arnold J)
Image sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sky_logo.svg and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Paramount_Pictures_logo_(2013).jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

28. a clickable link is a
communication but
not “to a new public”
Svensson v
Retriever Sverige AB
Case C-466/12
CJEU 13 Feb 2014 [25]
Image source: http://books.google.ie/books?id=hxxAAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA385#v=onepage&q&f=false
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

29. Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_marshalling
Marshalling
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

30. Marshalling
Reproduction of a very small snippet
of text reasonably adjacent to the link
< 160 characters or 2.5% of the work
Subject to a cap of 40 words
Draft section 87A(3)-(6) CRRA
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft_marshalling

31. ©
Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/garrettziegler/8218332742/
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

32. UGC
Parody
Private copying
Back-ups
Education
Disability
Consumers
Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/garrettziegler/8218332742/
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

33. UGC
Parody
Private copying
Back-ups
Education
Disability
Consumers
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/garrettziegler/8218332742/

34. Fair dealing
Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stow_Horse_Fair_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1576355.jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

35. Fair Dealing: Education
“the purposes of research or private
study” (s50)
“in the course of instruction or of
preparation for instruction” (s53(1))
“anything done for the purposes of an
examination” (s53(5))
Image source: http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

36. Fair Dealing: Education
Mary scanned Olive’s diagram
Sources http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif & http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beta_Negative_Decay.svg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

37. Fair Dealing: Education
Mary scanned Olive’s diagram
Powerpoint - “instruction” (53(1))
Moodle - “private study” (s50)
Assessments - “examination” (53(5))
Image source: http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

38. Fair Dealing: Education
Images: http://www.ucc.ie http://www.cch.ca/_images/sections/CCH_Logo.gif and http://www.lsuc.on.ca/images/imgLSUCLogo.png
[2004] 1 SCR 339, 2004 SCC 13
v
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

39. Fair Dealing: Education
“the purposes of education, research
or private study (s50)”
“in the course of education or of
preparation for education” (s53(1))
“illustration for education” (s57)
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif

40. Fair Dealing: Education
Mary took 10min clip from movie.
http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif & http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thondon_entertainment.jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

41. Fair Dealing: Education
Mary took 10min clip from movie.
Section 53 doesn’t mention films.
Does section 55 (showing film for
purposes of instruction) cover it?
Image source: http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

42. Fair Dealing: Education
Mary took 10min clip from movie.
If not, would new section 55 (showing
film for purposes of education) cover it?
If not, would new section 57(1), on
illustration for education, cover it?
Image source: http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

43. Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cow_cartoon_04.svg
Distance
Learning
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

44. Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cow_cartoon_04.svg
Distance
Learning
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
not a copyright infringement if
(a) an educational establishment
communicates a lesson or
examination to a student by
telecommunication, and
(b) the student reproduces
it in order to be able to listen
to or view it at a more
convenient time.

45. Use of work
available on
the internet
Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cow_cartoon_04.svg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

46. Use of work
available on
the internet
Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cow_cartoon_04.svg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
not a copyright infringement if
an educational establishment
reproduces or communicates a
work that is available through
the internet;
provided that the reproduction
or communication is
accompanied by a sufficient
acknowledgement.

47. UGC
Parody
Private copying
Back-ups
Education
Disability
Consumers
Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/garrettziegler/8218332742/
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

48. UGC
Parody
Private copying
Back-ups
Education
Disability
Consumers
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/garrettziegler/8218332742/

49. Section 104 CRRA
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Disability_symbols.svg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

50. A designated body may
(a) make a copy of a work for the
purpose of modifying that copy
to meet the special needs of a
person who has a physical or
mental disability, and
(b) supply that modified copy to
that person, …
Section 104 CRRA
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Disability_symbols.svg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

51. Reform s104 CRRA to allow for
• expanded definition of disability
• making single copies for
personal use
• designated bodies sharing
accessible copies
• obligations on publishers
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Disability_symbols.svg
Disability
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

52. Marrakesh Treaty to Facilitate Access
to Published Works for Persons Who
Are Blind, Visually Impaired, or
Otherwise Print Disabled
Adopted on 27 June 2013
Image sources: http://www.wipo.int/portal/index.html.en and http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marrakesh_spices.jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

53. Contracting parties must adopt
provisions to allow for the exchange of
these accessible format works across
borders by designated bodies
http://www.wipo.int/portal/index.html.en & http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marrakesh_spices.jpg & http://www.clker.com/clipart-26936.html
#CRC13
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

54. Image source: http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/barnier/headlines/news/2014/04/20140430_en.htm
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
DFA/DJEI: sign “by end of June”

55. ©
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

56. Special innovation exception
for works which are substantially
different from the original work or
substantially transform the original
work
Draft section 106E CRRA
Entrepreneurs
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

57. ©
Image source: http://www.briarpress.org/684
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

58. Heritage
Archives, Galleries, Libraries, Museums, etc
• Format shifting for archival or
preservation purposes
• Catalogues
• Digital deposit
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: http://www.briarpress.org/684

59. Heritage
Public lectures (draft Section 69A(2))
The brief and limited display of a
reproduction of a work
(a) for educational purposes in an
educational establishment or other
heritage institution
constitutes “fair dealing”…
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: http://www.briarpress.org/684

60. Heritage
Public lectures (draft Section 69A(2))
The brief and limited display of a
reproduction of a work
(b) during a public lecture given in an
educational establishment or other
heritage institution
constitutes “fair dealing”…
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: http://www.briarpress.org/684

61. Heritage
Public lectures (draft Section 69A(2))
The communication of such a
reproduction, through the internet or
otherwise,
constitutes “fair dealing”
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: http://www.briarpress.org/684

62. Heritage
Public lectures (draft Section 69A(2))
Mary scanned Olive’s diagram for a
Powerpoint slide in a lecture; and took a
10min clip from a movie for a lecture.
How would 69A(2) apply?
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
http://www.briarpress.org/684 & http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beta_Negative_Decay.svg & http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thondon_entertainment.jpg

63. Image source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fa/St._John%27s_Cathedral%2C_Warsaw_–_Relief_-_06.jpg
fair
use
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

64. Fair Use: US-style?
Image source: flags of the world http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us.html
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

65. Image sources: http://www.cambridge.org/ and http://www.gsu.edu/
863 F Supp 2d 1190 (ND Ga, 2012)
v
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

66. Fair Use: US-style?
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: flags of the world http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/us.html

67. Fair Use: Irish-style
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: flags of the world http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ie.html

68. Existing exceptions
Examples of fair use
Must be considered before getting
to fair use analysis
Can provide basis of analogy
for finding of fair use
Fair Use: Irish-style
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: flags of the world http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ie.html

69. turns on “such matters as the court
considers relevant”
including “any or some or all” of up
to 9 factors (not just 4 as in US)
Fair Use: Irish-style
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: flags of the world http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ie.html

70. Analogy with existing exceptions
Purpose and character of use
- eg non-consumptive or transformative
- eg secondary infringement
Nature of work
Amount and
substantiality of use
Factors
Fair Use: Irish-style
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: flags of the world http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ie.html

71. Impact of use on normal commercial
exploitation of work
Possibility of obtaining work or
licence (“sufficient rights”)
Interests of owner (Berne)
Acknowledgement
Factors
Fair Use: Irish-style
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Image source: flags of the world http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/ie.html

72. Copyright Council
Education,
Advice,
Advocacy
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Victoria_Privy_Council_(Wilke).jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

73. Fair Dealing: Education
Mary took 10min clip from movie.
http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif & http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thondon_entertainment.jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

74. Mary took 10min clip from movie.
If ss53 (fair dealing) and 55 (showing film
for instruction/education) don’t apply, and
if new ss57(1) (illustration for education)
and 69A(2) (lectures) don’t apply,
Image source: http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Fair Dealing: Education

75. Fair Use: Education
Mary took 10min clip from movie.
If ss53 (fair dealing) and 55 (showing film
for instruction/education) don’t apply, and
if new ss57(1) (illustration for education)
and 69A(2) (lectures) don’t apply,
could fair use?
Image source: http://www.ucc.ie/en/media/siteassets/styleassets/images/logo-web-english.gif
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

76. Image source: http://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/consultations/2013/copyright-rules/index_en.htm
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

77. @cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
“… formal
proposals for
legislative
reform arising
from the [CRC]
Report in
2014” (p2)
Image source: http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/Submission%20from%20Ireland%20EC%20Copyright%20Consultation%20March%202014.pdf

78. 7 Third public meeting (09/12/13)
8 DJEI - “thinking / listening” mode
9 New Act? 2014?? #CRC14
Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:WLANL_-_MicheleLovesArt_-_Van_Gogh_Museum_-_Three_books,_1887.jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
9 New Act, 2014 !! #CRC14

79. @cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Linking &
marshalling
Education
UGC
Personal use
Format shifting
http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/Submission%20from%20Ireland%20EC%20Copyright%20Consultation%20March%202014.pdf & http://www.clker.com/clipart-26936.html

80. @cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Linking &
marshalling
Education
UGC
Personal use
Format shifting
http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/Submission%20from%20Ireland%20EC%20Copyright%20Consultation%20March%202014.pdf & http://www.clker.com/clipart-26936.html

81. http://www.djei.ie/science/ipr/Submission%20from%20Ireland%20EC%20Copyright%20Consultation%20March%202014.pdf & http://www.clker.com/clipart-redx-1.html
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Copyright
Council
Innovation
Heritage
Fair Use

82. Image source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nothing_stone.jpg
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

83. Image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/labourparty/5386120714/
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL

84. Image “Rolling Elvi” by Peter Clarke on Flickr. Source: ttp://www.flickr.com/photos/clarkzip/7973863568/

85. Image “Rolling Elvi” by Peter Clarke on Flickr. Source: ttp://www.flickr.com/photos/clarkzip/7973863568/
Thank you very much
Any Questions?

86. &
Images via http://www.tcd.ie and http://teachingandlearning.ie Licence at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ie/
@cearta for @ForumTL at #CopyrightDTL
Copyright Teaching
Reform Learning
Dr Eoin O’Dell, School of Law, TCD
Chair, Copyright Review Committee
4