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Analyzing and Predicting Task
Reminders
David Graus, Paul N. Bennett, Ryen W. White, Eric Horvitz
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 2
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 3
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 3
When would you like to be reminded?
Alright, remind you to do the laundry
at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right?
Great, I’ll remind you!
Sunday at noon.
Remind me to do the laundry.
Yes.
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 3
When would you like to be reminded?
Alright, remind you to do the laundry
at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right?
Great, I’ll remind you!
Sunday at noon.
Remind me to do the laundry.
Yes.
When would you like to be reminded?
Alright, remind you to do the laundry
at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right?
Great, I’ll remind you!
Sunday at noon.
Remind me to do the laundry.
Yes.
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 3
When would you like to be reminded?
Alright, remind you to do the laundry
at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right?
Great, I’ll remind you!
Sunday at noon.
Remind me to do the laundry.
Yes.
When would you like to be reminded?
Alright, remind you to do the laundry
at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right?
Great, I’ll remind you!
Sunday at noon.
Remind me to do the laundry.
Yes.
When would you like to be reminded?
Alright, remind you to do the laundry
at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right?
Great, I’ll remind you!
Sunday at noon.
Remind me to do the laundry.
Yes.
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 3
When would you like to be reminded?
Alright, remind you to do the laundry
at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right?
Great, I’ll remind you!
Sunday at noon.
Remind me to do the laundry.
Yes.
When would you like to be reminded?
Alright, remind you to do the laundry
at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right?
Great, I’ll remind you!
Sunday at noon.
Remind me to do the laundry.
Yes.
When would you like to be reminded?
Alright, remind you to do the laundry
at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right?
Great, I’ll remind you!
Sunday at noon.
Remind me to do the laundry.
Yes.
When would you like to be reminded?
Alright, remind you to do the laundry
at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right?
Great, I’ll remind you!
Sunday at noon.
Remind me to do the laundry.
Yes.
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 3
When would you like to be reminded?
Alright, remind you to do the laundry
at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right?
Great, I’ll remind you!
Sunday at noon.
Remind me to do the laundry.
Yes.
When would you like to be reminded?
Alright, remind you to do the laundry
at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right?
Great, I’ll remind you!
Sunday at noon.
Remind me to do the laundry.
Yes.
When would you like to be reminded?
Alright, remind you to do the laundry
at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right?
Great, I’ll remind you!
Sunday at noon.
Remind me to do the laundry.
Yes.
When would you like to be reminded?
Alright, remind you to do the laundry
at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right?
Great, I’ll remind you!
Sunday at noon.
Remind me to do the laundry.
Yes.
When would you like to be reminded?
Alright, remind you to do the laundry
at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right?
Great, I’ll remind you!
Sunday at noon.
Remind me to do the laundry.
Yes.
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 3
When would you like to be reminded?
Alright, remind you to do the laundry
at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right?
Great, I’ll remind you!
Sunday at noon.
Remind me to do the laundry.
Yes.
When would you like to be reminded?
Alright, remind you to do the laundry
at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right?
Great, I’ll remind you!
Sunday at noon.
Remind me to do the laundry.
Yes.
When would you like to be reminded?
Alright, remind you to do the laundry
at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right?
Great, I’ll remind you!
Sunday at noon.
Remind me to do the laundry.
Yes.
When would you like to be reminded?
Alright, remind you to do the laundry
at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right?
Great, I’ll remind you!
Sunday at noon.
Remind me to do the laundry.
Yes.
When would you like to be reminded?
Alright, remind you to do the laundry
at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right?
Great, I’ll remind you!
Sunday at noon.
Remind me to do the laundry.
Yes.
When would you like to be reminded?
Alright, remind you to do the laundry
at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right?
Great, I’ll remind you!
Sunday at noon.
Remind me to do the laundry.
Yes.
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 4
Research questions
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 4
Research questions
1. Is there a body of common tasks that underlie the reminder
creation process?
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 4
Research questions
1. Is there a body of common tasks that underlie the reminder
creation process?
2. Can we identify patterns in the times at which people create
reminders, and, via notification times, when the associated
tasks are to be executed?
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 4
Research questions
1. Is there a body of common tasks that underlie the reminder
creation process?
2. Can we identify patterns in the times at which people create
reminders, and, via notification times, when the associated
tasks are to be executed?
3. Can we predict when certain tasks are most likely to happen?
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 5
Is there a body of common tasks that
underlie the reminder creation process?
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 5
Is there a body of common tasks that
underlie the reminder creation process?
• Common reminder structure:
• “Remind me to <verb> <object>”
• take out laundry
• call mom
• pay bills
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 5
Is there a body of common tasks that
underlie the reminder creation process?
• Common reminder structure:
• “Remind me to <verb> <object>”
• take out laundry
• call mom
• pay bills
• Identify frequent verb/object-pairs in 2-month sample
(~950k reminders)
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 5
Is there a body of common tasks that
underlie the reminder creation process?
• Common reminder structure:
• “Remind me to <verb> <object>”
• take out laundry
• call mom
• pay bills
• Identify frequent verb/object-pairs in 2-month sample
(~950k reminders)
• Manually group them into tasks
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 6
~60% of reminders start with one of
these (52) verbs
take

eat

have

send

email

text

call

tell

set

make

schedule

turn on

turn off

check

leave

come

be

go to

stop by
take out
feed
clean
wash
charge
do
write
change
cancel
order
renew
book
mail
submit
fill out
print
pay
wake
set
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 7
Manual labeling
Ò Dimensions;
Ò Interruption vs. continuation of user activity
Ò Context of task (home, work, on the go)
Ò (Expected) duration of task
Ò Impact on user “availability”
Ò …
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 8
common tasks that underlie the reminder
creation process
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 8
Go somewhere Switch context Run errand
common tasks that underlie the reminder
creation process
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 8
Go somewhere Switch context Run errand
common tasks that underlie the reminder
creation process
Go somewhere
Chores
Switch context Run errand
Recurring Standalone
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 8
Go somewhere Switch context Run errand
common tasks that underlie the reminder
creation process
Go somewhere
Chores
Switch context Run errand
Recurring Standalone
Go somewhere
Chores
Communicate
Switch context Run errand
Recurring Standalone
General Coordinate
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 8
Go somewhere Switch context Run errand
common tasks that underlie the reminder
creation process
Go somewhere
Chores
Switch context Run errand
Recurring Standalone
Go somewhere
Chores
Communicate
Switch context Run errand
Recurring Standalone
General Coordinate
Go somewhere
Chores
Communicate
Manage Ongoing
External Process
Manage Ongoing
User Activity
Eat/Consume
Switch context Run errand
Recurring Standalone
General Coordinate
Start
Prepare Stop
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 8
Go somewhere Switch context Run errand
common tasks that underlie the reminder
creation process
Go somewhere
Chores
Switch context Run errand
Recurring Standalone
Go somewhere
Chores
Communicate
Switch context Run errand
Recurring Standalone
General Coordinate
Go somewhere
Chores
Communicate
Manage Ongoing
External Process
Manage Ongoing
User Activity
Eat/Consume
Switch context Run errand
Recurring Standalone
General Coordinate
Start
Prepare Stop
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 9
RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the
reminder creation process?
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 9
RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the
reminder creation process?
Ò Creation time (CT)
Ò When user creates the reminder (remembers task)
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 9
RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the
reminder creation process?
Ò Creation time (CT)
Ò When user creates the reminder (remembers task)
Ò Notification time (NT)
Ò When reminder is set to trigger (executes task)
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 9
RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the
reminder creation process?
Ò Creation time (CT)
Ò When user creates the reminder (remembers task)
Ò Notification time (NT)
Ò When reminder is set to trigger (executes task)
Ò Time delta (NT – CT)
Ò How far task is planned in advance
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 9
RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the
reminder creation process?
Ò Creation time (CT)
Ò When user creates the reminder (remembers task)
Ò Notification time (NT)
Ò When reminder is set to trigger (executes task)
Ò Time delta (NT – CT)
Ò How far task is planned in advance
Ò Text/task description
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 10
00:00am	–	04:00am
04:00am	–	08:00am
08:00am	–	12:00pm
12:00pm	–	4:00pm
4:00pm	–	8:00pm
8:00pm	–	0:00am
Sun					Mon			Tue					Wed			Thu				Fri							Sat
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 11
RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the
reminder creation process?
1. Aggregate
2. Per task type
3. By Creation Time and Terms (in task description)
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 12
Creation times Notification times
1: Aggregate patterns (across all tasks)
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 12
Creation times Notification times
1: Aggregate patterns (across all tasks)
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 12
Creation times Notification times
1: Aggregate patterns (across all tasks)
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 12
Creation times Notification times
1: Aggregate patterns (across all tasks)
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 13
Findings: Aggregate patterns
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 13
Findings: Aggregate patterns
Ò Creation/Notification
Ò People create reminders in evenings (end of day), w/
notifications set in mornings (start of day).

Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 13
Findings: Aggregate patterns
Ò Creation/Notification
Ò People create reminders in evenings (end of day), w/
notifications set in mornings (start of day).

Ò (not shown) Time deltas
Ò Most reminders are for “short-term tasks”
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 14
2: Per task type patterns
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 15
Allrem
inders
Chore
(recurring)
Chore
(standalone)
Com
m
.(coordinate)
Com
m
.(general)
Eat/Consum
e
Go
(sw
itch
context)Go
(errand)
M
anage
activity
M
anage
process
Delay(hours)
72
60
48
36
24
12
0
Time deltas per task type
Time deltas per task type
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 15
Allrem
inders
Chore
(recurring)
Chore
(standalone)
Com
m
.(coordinate)
Com
m
.(general)
Eat/Consum
e
Go
(sw
itch
context)Go
(errand)
M
anage
activity
M
anage
process
Delay(hours)
72
60
48
36
24
12
0
Time deltas per task type
Time deltas per task type
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 15
Allrem
inders
Chore
(recurring)
Chore
(standalone)
Com
m
.(coordinate)
Com
m
.(general)
Eat/Consum
e
Go
(sw
itch
context)Go
(errand)
M
anage
activity
M
anage
process
Delay(hours)
72
60
48
36
24
12
0
Time deltas per task type
Time deltas per task type
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 15
Allrem
inders
Chore
(recurring)
Chore
(standalone)
Com
m
.(coordinate)
Com
m
.(general)
Eat/Consum
e
Go
(sw
itch
context)Go
(errand)
M
anage
activity
M
anage
process
Delay(hours)
72
60
48
36
24
12
0
Time deltas per task type
Time deltas per task type
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 16
Findings: per task type patterns
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 16
Findings: per task type patterns
Ò Time deltas
Ò Differ between task type.
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 16
Findings: per task type patterns
Ò Time deltas
Ò Differ between task type.
Ò (not shown) Creation/Notification
Ò broadly two types of tasks:
Ò Created/set to notify during office hours
Ò e.g., communicate, go somewhere
Ò Created/set to notify outside of office hours
Ò e.g., manage ongoing process, chores
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 17
Patterns 3: By creation time
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 17
What is the relation between
creation and notification time?
Patterns 3: By creation time
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 17
What is the relation between
creation and notification time?
Patterns 3: By creation time
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 17
What is the relation between
creation and notification time?
Patterns 3: By creation time
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 17
What is the relation between
creation and notification time?
Patterns 3: By creation time
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 17
What is the relation between
creation and notification time?
Patterns 3: By creation time
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 17
What is the relation between
creation and notification time?
Patterns 3: By creation time
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 17
What is the relation between
creation and notification time?
Patterns 3: By creation time
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 18
“call”
Patterns 3: By terms
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 18
“call”
Patterns 3: By terms
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 18
“call”
Patterns 3: By terms
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 18
“call”
Patterns 3: By terms
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 19
“kids”
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 19
“kids”
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 20
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 20
“church”
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 21
RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the
reminder creation process?
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 21
RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the
reminder creation process?
Ò On average people tend to set plans in the evening.
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 21
RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the
reminder creation process?
Ò On average people tend to set plans in the evening.
Ò Most tasks that drive reminder setting are for short-term
tasks to be executed in the next 24 hours.
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 21
RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the
reminder creation process?
Ò On average people tend to set plans in the evening.
Ò Most tasks that drive reminder setting are for short-term
tasks to be executed in the next 24 hours.
Ò Patterns differ between task types (suggesting the
distinctions are meaningful).
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 21
RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the
reminder creation process?
Ò On average people tend to set plans in the evening.
Ò Most tasks that drive reminder setting are for short-term
tasks to be executed in the next 24 hours.
Ò Patterns differ between task types (suggesting the
distinctions are meaningful).
Ò Terms and creation times are informative w.r.t.
notification time.
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 22
RQ3: Can we predict when certain tasks
are most likely to happen?
Ò Motivation:
Ò See if patterns are informative.
Ò Applications:
Ò improve resource scheduling,
Ò detect collisions
Ò tailored advertising,
Ò developing systems to automatically terminate
ongoing tasks/allocate time for task completion
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 23
Findings
Ò Predict notification day with ~70% accuracy.
Ò Creation time provides the most information.
Ò Terms provides significant additional information.
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 24
In summary
1.Studied frequent reminders, developed task type
taxonomy.
2.Shown reminders’ temporal patterns
3.Demonstrated a direction in harnessing patterns;
predicting notification times.
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 25
Future work
Ò User studies?
Ò assumptions w.r.t. “wrapping up day, planning ahead”
Ò validate/check task type taxonomy
Ò Classify task types for improved predictions?
Ò More sophisticated predictive models
Ò Look at additional reminder types (e.g., location-based)
Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 26
Thanks!
Ò Questions?
d.p.graus@uva.nl
@dvdgrs
www.graus.co

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Analyzing Patterns in Task Reminder Creation and Notification Times

  • 1. Analyzing and Predicting Task Reminders David Graus, Paul N. Bennett, Ryen W. White, Eric Horvitz
  • 2. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 2
  • 3. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 3
  • 4. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 3 When would you like to be reminded? Alright, remind you to do the laundry at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right? Great, I’ll remind you! Sunday at noon. Remind me to do the laundry. Yes.
  • 5. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 3 When would you like to be reminded? Alright, remind you to do the laundry at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right? Great, I’ll remind you! Sunday at noon. Remind me to do the laundry. Yes. When would you like to be reminded? Alright, remind you to do the laundry at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right? Great, I’ll remind you! Sunday at noon. Remind me to do the laundry. Yes.
  • 6. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 3 When would you like to be reminded? Alright, remind you to do the laundry at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right? Great, I’ll remind you! Sunday at noon. Remind me to do the laundry. Yes. When would you like to be reminded? Alright, remind you to do the laundry at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right? Great, I’ll remind you! Sunday at noon. Remind me to do the laundry. Yes. When would you like to be reminded? Alright, remind you to do the laundry at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right? Great, I’ll remind you! Sunday at noon. Remind me to do the laundry. Yes.
  • 7. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 3 When would you like to be reminded? Alright, remind you to do the laundry at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right? Great, I’ll remind you! Sunday at noon. Remind me to do the laundry. Yes. When would you like to be reminded? Alright, remind you to do the laundry at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right? Great, I’ll remind you! Sunday at noon. Remind me to do the laundry. Yes. When would you like to be reminded? Alright, remind you to do the laundry at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right? Great, I’ll remind you! Sunday at noon. Remind me to do the laundry. Yes. When would you like to be reminded? Alright, remind you to do the laundry at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right? Great, I’ll remind you! Sunday at noon. Remind me to do the laundry. Yes.
  • 8. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 3 When would you like to be reminded? Alright, remind you to do the laundry at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right? Great, I’ll remind you! Sunday at noon. Remind me to do the laundry. Yes. When would you like to be reminded? Alright, remind you to do the laundry at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right? Great, I’ll remind you! Sunday at noon. Remind me to do the laundry. Yes. When would you like to be reminded? Alright, remind you to do the laundry at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right? Great, I’ll remind you! Sunday at noon. Remind me to do the laundry. Yes. When would you like to be reminded? Alright, remind you to do the laundry at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right? Great, I’ll remind you! Sunday at noon. Remind me to do the laundry. Yes. When would you like to be reminded? Alright, remind you to do the laundry at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right? Great, I’ll remind you! Sunday at noon. Remind me to do the laundry. Yes.
  • 9. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 3 When would you like to be reminded? Alright, remind you to do the laundry at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right? Great, I’ll remind you! Sunday at noon. Remind me to do the laundry. Yes. When would you like to be reminded? Alright, remind you to do the laundry at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right? Great, I’ll remind you! Sunday at noon. Remind me to do the laundry. Yes. When would you like to be reminded? Alright, remind you to do the laundry at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right? Great, I’ll remind you! Sunday at noon. Remind me to do the laundry. Yes. When would you like to be reminded? Alright, remind you to do the laundry at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right? Great, I’ll remind you! Sunday at noon. Remind me to do the laundry. Yes. When would you like to be reminded? Alright, remind you to do the laundry at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right? Great, I’ll remind you! Sunday at noon. Remind me to do the laundry. Yes. When would you like to be reminded? Alright, remind you to do the laundry at 12:00pm on Sunday, is that right? Great, I’ll remind you! Sunday at noon. Remind me to do the laundry. Yes.
  • 10. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 4 Research questions
  • 11. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 4 Research questions 1. Is there a body of common tasks that underlie the reminder creation process?
  • 12. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 4 Research questions 1. Is there a body of common tasks that underlie the reminder creation process? 2. Can we identify patterns in the times at which people create reminders, and, via notification times, when the associated tasks are to be executed?
  • 13. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 4 Research questions 1. Is there a body of common tasks that underlie the reminder creation process? 2. Can we identify patterns in the times at which people create reminders, and, via notification times, when the associated tasks are to be executed? 3. Can we predict when certain tasks are most likely to happen?
  • 14. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 5 Is there a body of common tasks that underlie the reminder creation process?
  • 15. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 5 Is there a body of common tasks that underlie the reminder creation process? • Common reminder structure: • “Remind me to <verb> <object>” • take out laundry • call mom • pay bills
  • 16. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 5 Is there a body of common tasks that underlie the reminder creation process? • Common reminder structure: • “Remind me to <verb> <object>” • take out laundry • call mom • pay bills • Identify frequent verb/object-pairs in 2-month sample (~950k reminders)
  • 17. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 5 Is there a body of common tasks that underlie the reminder creation process? • Common reminder structure: • “Remind me to <verb> <object>” • take out laundry • call mom • pay bills • Identify frequent verb/object-pairs in 2-month sample (~950k reminders) • Manually group them into tasks
  • 18. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 6 ~60% of reminders start with one of these (52) verbs take
 eat
 have
 send
 email
 text
 call
 tell
 set
 make
 schedule
 turn on
 turn off
 check
 leave
 come
 be
 go to
 stop by take out feed clean wash charge do write change cancel order renew book mail submit fill out print pay wake set
  • 19. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 7 Manual labeling Ò Dimensions; Ò Interruption vs. continuation of user activity Ò Context of task (home, work, on the go) Ò (Expected) duration of task Ò Impact on user “availability” Ò …
  • 20. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 8 common tasks that underlie the reminder creation process
  • 21. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 8 Go somewhere Switch context Run errand common tasks that underlie the reminder creation process
  • 22. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 8 Go somewhere Switch context Run errand common tasks that underlie the reminder creation process Go somewhere Chores Switch context Run errand Recurring Standalone
  • 23. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 8 Go somewhere Switch context Run errand common tasks that underlie the reminder creation process Go somewhere Chores Switch context Run errand Recurring Standalone Go somewhere Chores Communicate Switch context Run errand Recurring Standalone General Coordinate
  • 24. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 8 Go somewhere Switch context Run errand common tasks that underlie the reminder creation process Go somewhere Chores Switch context Run errand Recurring Standalone Go somewhere Chores Communicate Switch context Run errand Recurring Standalone General Coordinate Go somewhere Chores Communicate Manage Ongoing External Process Manage Ongoing User Activity Eat/Consume Switch context Run errand Recurring Standalone General Coordinate Start Prepare Stop
  • 25. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 8 Go somewhere Switch context Run errand common tasks that underlie the reminder creation process Go somewhere Chores Switch context Run errand Recurring Standalone Go somewhere Chores Communicate Switch context Run errand Recurring Standalone General Coordinate Go somewhere Chores Communicate Manage Ongoing External Process Manage Ongoing User Activity Eat/Consume Switch context Run errand Recurring Standalone General Coordinate Start Prepare Stop
  • 26. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 9 RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the reminder creation process?
  • 27. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 9 RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the reminder creation process? Ò Creation time (CT) Ò When user creates the reminder (remembers task)
  • 28. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 9 RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the reminder creation process? Ò Creation time (CT) Ò When user creates the reminder (remembers task) Ò Notification time (NT) Ò When reminder is set to trigger (executes task)
  • 29. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 9 RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the reminder creation process? Ò Creation time (CT) Ò When user creates the reminder (remembers task) Ò Notification time (NT) Ò When reminder is set to trigger (executes task) Ò Time delta (NT – CT) Ò How far task is planned in advance
  • 30. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 9 RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the reminder creation process? Ò Creation time (CT) Ò When user creates the reminder (remembers task) Ò Notification time (NT) Ò When reminder is set to trigger (executes task) Ò Time delta (NT – CT) Ò How far task is planned in advance Ò Text/task description
  • 31. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 10 00:00am – 04:00am 04:00am – 08:00am 08:00am – 12:00pm 12:00pm – 4:00pm 4:00pm – 8:00pm 8:00pm – 0:00am Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
  • 32. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 11 RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the reminder creation process? 1. Aggregate 2. Per task type 3. By Creation Time and Terms (in task description)
  • 33. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 12 Creation times Notification times 1: Aggregate patterns (across all tasks)
  • 34. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 12 Creation times Notification times 1: Aggregate patterns (across all tasks)
  • 35. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 12 Creation times Notification times 1: Aggregate patterns (across all tasks)
  • 36. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 12 Creation times Notification times 1: Aggregate patterns (across all tasks)
  • 37. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 13 Findings: Aggregate patterns
  • 38. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 13 Findings: Aggregate patterns Ò Creation/Notification Ò People create reminders in evenings (end of day), w/ notifications set in mornings (start of day).

  • 39. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 13 Findings: Aggregate patterns Ò Creation/Notification Ò People create reminders in evenings (end of day), w/ notifications set in mornings (start of day).
 Ò (not shown) Time deltas Ò Most reminders are for “short-term tasks”
  • 40. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 14 2: Per task type patterns
  • 41. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 15 Allrem inders Chore (recurring) Chore (standalone) Com m .(coordinate) Com m .(general) Eat/Consum e Go (sw itch context)Go (errand) M anage activity M anage process Delay(hours) 72 60 48 36 24 12 0 Time deltas per task type Time deltas per task type
  • 42. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 15 Allrem inders Chore (recurring) Chore (standalone) Com m .(coordinate) Com m .(general) Eat/Consum e Go (sw itch context)Go (errand) M anage activity M anage process Delay(hours) 72 60 48 36 24 12 0 Time deltas per task type Time deltas per task type
  • 43. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 15 Allrem inders Chore (recurring) Chore (standalone) Com m .(coordinate) Com m .(general) Eat/Consum e Go (sw itch context)Go (errand) M anage activity M anage process Delay(hours) 72 60 48 36 24 12 0 Time deltas per task type Time deltas per task type
  • 44. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 15 Allrem inders Chore (recurring) Chore (standalone) Com m .(coordinate) Com m .(general) Eat/Consum e Go (sw itch context)Go (errand) M anage activity M anage process Delay(hours) 72 60 48 36 24 12 0 Time deltas per task type Time deltas per task type
  • 45. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 16 Findings: per task type patterns
  • 46. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 16 Findings: per task type patterns Ò Time deltas Ò Differ between task type.
  • 47. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 16 Findings: per task type patterns Ò Time deltas Ò Differ between task type. Ò (not shown) Creation/Notification Ò broadly two types of tasks: Ò Created/set to notify during office hours Ò e.g., communicate, go somewhere Ò Created/set to notify outside of office hours Ò e.g., manage ongoing process, chores
  • 48. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 17 Patterns 3: By creation time
  • 49. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 17 What is the relation between creation and notification time? Patterns 3: By creation time
  • 50. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 17 What is the relation between creation and notification time? Patterns 3: By creation time
  • 51. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 17 What is the relation between creation and notification time? Patterns 3: By creation time
  • 52. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 17 What is the relation between creation and notification time? Patterns 3: By creation time
  • 53. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 17 What is the relation between creation and notification time? Patterns 3: By creation time
  • 54. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 17 What is the relation between creation and notification time? Patterns 3: By creation time
  • 55. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 17 What is the relation between creation and notification time? Patterns 3: By creation time
  • 56. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 18 “call” Patterns 3: By terms
  • 57. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 18 “call” Patterns 3: By terms
  • 58. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 18 “call” Patterns 3: By terms
  • 59. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 18 “call” Patterns 3: By terms
  • 60. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 19 “kids”
  • 61. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 19 “kids”
  • 62. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 20
  • 63. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 20 “church”
  • 64. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 21 RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the reminder creation process?
  • 65. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 21 RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the reminder creation process? Ò On average people tend to set plans in the evening.
  • 66. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 21 RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the reminder creation process? Ò On average people tend to set plans in the evening. Ò Most tasks that drive reminder setting are for short-term tasks to be executed in the next 24 hours.
  • 67. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 21 RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the reminder creation process? Ò On average people tend to set plans in the evening. Ò Most tasks that drive reminder setting are for short-term tasks to be executed in the next 24 hours. Ò Patterns differ between task types (suggesting the distinctions are meaningful).
  • 68. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 21 RQ2: Can we identify patterns in the reminder creation process? Ò On average people tend to set plans in the evening. Ò Most tasks that drive reminder setting are for short-term tasks to be executed in the next 24 hours. Ò Patterns differ between task types (suggesting the distinctions are meaningful). Ò Terms and creation times are informative w.r.t. notification time.
  • 69. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 22 RQ3: Can we predict when certain tasks are most likely to happen? Ò Motivation: Ò See if patterns are informative. Ò Applications: Ò improve resource scheduling, Ò detect collisions Ò tailored advertising, Ò developing systems to automatically terminate ongoing tasks/allocate time for task completion
  • 70. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 23 Findings Ò Predict notification day with ~70% accuracy. Ò Creation time provides the most information. Ò Terms provides significant additional information.
  • 71. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 24 In summary 1.Studied frequent reminders, developed task type taxonomy. 2.Shown reminders’ temporal patterns 3.Demonstrated a direction in harnessing patterns; predicting notification times.
  • 72. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 25 Future work Ò User studies? Ò assumptions w.r.t. “wrapping up day, planning ahead” Ò validate/check task type taxonomy Ò Classify task types for improved predictions? Ò More sophisticated predictive models Ò Look at additional reminder types (e.g., location-based)
  • 73. Analyzing and Predicting Task RemindersWed 13 July 2016, UMAP 2016 26 Thanks! Ò Questions? d.p.graus@uva.nl @dvdgrs www.graus.co