defluoridation by bio-adsorbents-Moringa olefera (MO),Rice Husk Activated Charcol(RHAC),Vertiver...

1. TOPIC
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COMPACT
HOUSEHOLD WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM
FOR FLUORIDE REMOVAL
TEAM MEMBERS
Dayal Kurian Varghese
Anandu Aravind
Arshik K
Meera S Prasad
1

2. OBJECTIVES
 To identify fluoride affected areas in Kerala.
Collection and analysis of water samples
To evaluate the effectiveness of bio-adsorbents for
the removal of fluoride .
 To fabricate a compact household water
treatment system
2

3. DATA COLLECTION
 As per National Rural Drinking Water Programme(NRDWP), Fluoride
concentration in water is more in Alapuzha and Palakkadu
 Sociol survey is conducted in Panchayat Ambalapuzha(N),
Ambalapuzha(S),and Purakkad
19%
33%
48%
Fluride in drinking water(%)
Purakkadu Ambalapuzha(N)
Ambalapuzha(S)
Base on colour of water
Panchayath Fluride(%)
Purakkadu 40
Ambalapuzha(N) 69.23
Ambalapuzha(S) 100
31

4. SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Samples were collected from different places of Ambalapuzha.
PARAMETER SAMPLE 1
Mg/l
SAMPLE 2
Mg/l
SAMPLE 3
Mg/l
SAMPLE 4
Mg/l
PERMISSIBLE
LIMIT mg/l
PH 6.56 6.58 6.55 6.95 6.5-8.5
FLUORIDE 1.3 1.57 1.7 2.75 1.5
HARDNESS 160 120 170 250 500
TURBIDITY 8 7 6 9 10
CHLORIDE 27.5 25 50 270 250
TOTAL
SOLIDS
300 270 320 350 500
41

5. FABRICATED MODEL
5

6. SAMPLE
NO.
DEPTH OF
ADSORBENT
BED
cm
CONTACT
TIME
minutes
INITIAL
FLUORIDE
CONC.
Mg/l
FINAL
FLUORIDE
CONC.
Mg/l
FLUORIDE
REMOVAL
EFFICIENCY
%
1 3 30 10 0.26 97.4
2 3 60 10 0.41 95.9
3 3 120 10 0.65 93.5
4 4 30 10 0.19 98.1
5 4 60 10 0.35 96.5
6 4 120 10 0.64 93.6
7 5 30 10 0.17 98.3
8 5 60 10 0.33 96.7
9 5 120 10 0.62 93.8
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
0 50 100 150
BED DEPTH
3 cm
BED DEPTH
4 cm
BED DEPTH
5 cm
FLUORIDEREMOVALEFFICIENCY
(%)
STUDIES ON MORINGA OLEIFERA(MO) SEED POWDER
Moringa oleifera seeds Moringa oleifera de-husked seed kernels
Moringa oleifera seed powder
6

7. SAMPLE
NO.
DEPTH OF
ADSORBET
BED
cm
CONTACT
TIME
minutes
INITIAL
FLUORIDE
CONC.
Mg/l
FINAL
FLUORID
E CONC.
Mg/l
FLUORIDE
REMOVAL
EFFICIENCY
%
1 3 30 10 1.2 88.0
2 3 60 10 1.28 87.2
3 3 120 10 1.34 86.6
4 4 30 10 1.23 87.7
5 4 60 10 1.35 86.5
6 4 120 10 1.39 86.1
7 5 30 10 1.12 88.8
8 5 60 10 1.22 87.8
9 5 120 10 1.30 87.0
85.5
86
86.5
87
87.5
88
88.5
89
0 50 100 150
BED DEPTH
3 cm
BED DEPTH
4 cm
BED DEPTH
5 cm
FLUORIDEREMOVAL
EFFICIENCY(%)
STUDIES ON RICE HUSK ACTIVATED
CHARCOAL(RHAC)
RICE HUSK
(BEFORE
ACTIVATION)
RICE HUSK
ACTIVATED
CHARCOAL
7

8. SAMPLE
NO.
DEPTH OF
ADSORBENT
BED
cm
CONTACT
TIME
minutes
INITIAL
FLUORIDE
CONC.
Mg/l
FINAL
FLUORIDE
CONC.
Mg/l
FLUORIDE
REMOVAL
EFFICIENCY
%
1 3 30 10 3.6 64
2 3 60 10 4.23 57.7
3 3 120 10 4.36 56.4
4 4 30 10 3.25 67.5
5 4 60 10 4.00 60
6 4 120 10 4.30 57
7 5 30 10 3.54 64.6
8 5 60 10 4.2 58
9 5 120 10 4.4 56
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 50 100 150
BED DEPTH
3 cm
BED DEPTH
4 cm
BED DEPTH
5 cm
FLUORIDE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY Vs TIME
TIME (MINUTES)
FLUORIDEREMOVALEFFICIENCY(%)
COMPARISON OF REMOVAL
EFFICIENCIES OF ADSORBENTS
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 50 100 150
VETIVER
MO
RHA
FLUORIDEREMOVAL
EFFICIENCY(%)
STUDIES ON ACTIVATED VETIVER ROOT
VETIVER ROOT
81

9. SAMPLE
NO.
CONTACT
TIME
minutes
INITIAL Fl
CONC.
Mg/l
FINAL Fl
CONC.
Mg/l
Fl REMOVAL
EFFICIENCY
%
1 10 10 3.6 64
2 20 10 3.45 65.5
3 30 10 2.75 72.5
4 40 10 3.3 67
5 50 10 3.65 63.5
STUDIES ON COMPOSITE FILTER BED
Initial fluoride concentration 10 mg/l ,
Bed depth:4 cm,85% RHA & 15% MO.
SAMPL
E NO.
CONTAC
T
TIME
minutes
INITIAL
FLUORID
E CONC.
Mg/l
FINAL
FLUORID
E CONC.
Mg/l
FLUORIDE
REMOVAL
EFFICIENC
Y( %)
1 10 10 1.3 87
2 20 10 1.25 87.5
3 30 10 0.95 90.5
4 40 10 1.2 88
5 50 10 1.45 85.5
Initial fluoride concentration 10 mg/l,
Bed depth:4cm,65% RHA & 35%MO.
91

10. STUDIES ON COMPOSITE FILTER BED
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 20 40 60
FLURIDEREMOVAL
EFFICIENCY(%)
TIME(MINUTES)
FLUORIDE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY Vs TIME
MO-
15%,RHA-
85%
MO-
25%,RHA-
75%
MO-
35%,RHA-
65%
 So optimum bed depth is fixed as 4 cm.
 So MO:RHA is taken as 1:3 by 4cm bed width.
 Optimum time is fixed as 30 minutes ,corresponding fluoride removal
efficiency is 90%
SAMPLE
NO.
CONTACT
TIME
minutes
INITIAL Fl
CONC.
Mg/l
FINAL
Fl
CONC.
Mg/l
FLUORIDE
REMOVAL
EFFICIENCY
%
1 10 10 1.7 83
2 20 10 1.52 84.8
3 30 10 1 90
4 40 10 1.4 86
5 50 10 1.65 83.5
Initial concentration 10 mg/l ,Bed depth:4cm,
75% RHA & 25% MO.
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
REMOVALEFFICIENCY(%)
TIME(MINUTES)
FLUORIDE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY Vs TIME
MO-
25%,RHA-
75%
101

11. STUDIES ON COMPOSITE FILTER BED
 Effect of fluoride removal efficiency in the presence of
chloride.
Initial fluoride concentration 10 mg/l ,Bed depth:4cm,
75% RHA & 25% MO, Detention time:30 minutes.
SAMP
LE NO.
INITIAL
CHLORIDE
CONC.
Mg/l
INITIAL
FLUORIDE
CONC.
Mg/l
FINAL
FLUORIDE
CONC.
Mg/l
FINAL
CHLORIDE
CONC.
Mg/l
FLUORIDE
REMOVAL
EFFICIENCY
%
CHLORIDE
REMOVAL
EFFICIENCY
%
1 100 10 1.35 82.5 86.5 21
2 300 10 1.8 184.6 82 38.46
3 500 10 1.65 330.5 83.5 33.97
111

12. CONCLUSION
 Identified fluoride affected areas in Kerala.
 Evaluated the effectiveness of bio-adsorbents such as MO,
RHA ,Vertiver for the removal of fluoride.
 Composite filter bed of 4cm thick consist of 75% RHA &25%
MO was designed.
 Optimum time was fixed as 30 minutes for a fluoride removal
efficiency of 90%.
 Fabricated a compact household water treatment system for
fluoride removal.
12