56. 理論で説明される現象しか⾒なくなる
R. E. Jack+, “Data-Driven Methods to Diversify Knowledge of Human Psychology”, Trends in cognitive sciences 2018
広く信奉されているEkmanの基本6感情理論は、暗黙のうちに⻄洋⼈を仮定して
いた。最近は、そもそも6感情に分けること⾃体に疑義(おまけ参照)。
“theory-driven lenses ‒ the hallmark of hypothesis testing ‒ can constrain the
development of knowledge, even within a culture “
56
↑ 表情が表す感情の理論は⻄洋⼈をベースに作られており、東洋⼈には通⽤しなかったという解析
60. “State-of-the-art”
M. Gerlach+, “A robust data-driven approach identifies four personality types
across four large data sets”, Nature Human Behaviour 2018
60
State-of-the-art clustering techniques
= GMMs (Gaussian Mixture Models)
64. Personality Psychology — ⼈格⼼理学
Personality Psychology is a scientific study which aims to show how people
are individually different due to psychological forces (wikipedia).
64
Personality Traits(特性)
Features
Personality Types(類型)
Clustering / Classification
あなたは○○タイプ!
66. Big 5 — Five Factor Model (FFM)
66
1. Openness(経験への開放性)
is a general appreciation for art, emotion, adventure,
unusual ideas, imagination, curiosity, and variety of experience
2. Conscientiousness(誠実性)
is a tendency to display self-discipline, act dutifully, and strive
for achievement against measures or outside expectations
3. Extraversion(外向性)
is characterized by breadth of activities (as opposed to depth), surgency
from external activity/situations, and energy creation from external means
4. Agreeableness(協調性)
trait reflects individual differences in general concern for social harmony
5. Neuroticism(神経症的傾向)
is the tendency to experience negative emotions, such as anger, anxiety, or depression
(wikipedia)
70. ⼀般的な質問紙調査法の⼿順
1. リサーチクエスションと仮説
2. 分析計画の⽴案
3. 質問の作成
4. 調査票の構成
5. 対象者の決定
6. 調査⽅法の選択
70
← 共変数(交絡変数)の⾒落としがないか⼗分チェック
← 試⾏錯誤。平易で短い表現が望ましい。
← a. ⼀般的で答えやすい質問を最初に
b. プライバシーに関わる質問は最後に
c. 重要な質問はできるだけ前に
d. 意識や意⾒を尋ねる質問は、事実に関する質問より前に
e. 同じテーマの質問はまとめて、まとまりを超える場合はその旨がわかるように
f. 回答者の興味と熱意が持続するように、質問の内容や形式を、適宜変更
↑
⾯接調査、留置調査、電話調査、…
めちゃくちゃ⾯倒で
めちゃくちゃ仮説駆動的
71. Ex. Newcastle Personality Assessor
71
5 Very unlikely
4 Moderately unlikely
3 Neutral
2 Moderately likely
1 Very likely
1. Start a conversation with a stranger
3
2. Make sure others are comfortable and happy
3
3. Use difficult words
4
4. Prepare for things in advance
4
5. Feel blue or depressed
2
6. Plan parties or social events
2
7. Insult people
3
8. Think about phillosophical or social questions
5
9. Let things get into a mess
3
10. Feel stressed or worried
2
Caluculation Score
Extroversion Q1 + Q6 5
Neuroticisim Q5 + Q10 4
Conscientiousness Q4 + Q9 7
Agreeableness Q2 + Q7 6
Openness Q3 + Q8 9
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2009/mar/07/personality-test
単純な⾜し算でいいの?
個⼈毎のバイアス(下駄はき)の調整は?
Big5を測るための簡易なテスト
99. 基本6感情理論に対する3つの反論
“AI believes we express emotions the same six ways ‒ That is a problem”
https://thebigsmoke.com.au/2019/04/28/ai-believes-we-express-emotions-same-six-ways-that-problem-emotion/
1. 感情の定義⾃体、合意がとれていない
2. Ekmanのパプアニューギニアでの調査⾃体ずさん(sloppy)。すでに⻄洋の影響
を受けてしまっていたらしい。
3. ⼈ごとに異なる“基本感情”がある(⽂化的な相違)
99
102. ⽇本⼈もEkman的ではない!
W. Sato+, “Facial Expressions of Basic Emotions in Japanese Laypeople”, Frontiers in Psychology 2019
102https://academist-cf.com/journal/?p=10185