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David Bearman, Under-appreciated Threats to the Long-term Preservation of Electronic Archival Records
- 1. Under-appreciated Threats to the Long-term Preservation of Electronic Archival Records David Bearman Archives & Museum Informatics, Toronto
- 2. UN ACCIS Report 1990 • Risk Management approach • Applied to Policy-, Technology- and Standards-based e-records strategies • Established user mental models as problem in policy oriented solutions • Technical risk factors based on different architectures than now
- 3. Threats • Natural and Social Environment • Capturing Records • New Genres of Communication
- 4. Environmental risks are probably underestimated
- 5. What does one chance in 10,000 years mean for policy?
- 6. National Weather Service North Georgia 9.7 inches = 5000-year rain event 10 inches = 10,000-year rain event Recorded 16.7 inches, Douglasville GA, 21/09/2009
- 8. Fort Calhoun Nuclear Station: Flood Berm Collapses At Nebraska Nuke Plant 26/06/2011
- 9. Wildfire threatens Los Alamos lab 29/06/2011
- 10. Policy Conundrum • How many types of risks are assessed? • When each has a 1 : 10,000 yr. chance of occurrence, how rare does that make them?
- 11. Unusual Threats • These don’t get assessed yet historically they have occurred • e.g., Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) events
- 12. Aurora Borealis, 36° 30' N 06/04/2000
- 13. “The red light was so vivid that the roofs of the houses and the leaves of the trees appeared as if covered with blood” Aurora Borealis, San Salvador 13°40'N 02/09/1859
- 14. Low Occurrence, High Impact Events • Carrington Event, September 2, 1859 • Tunguska event, June 30, 1908 • Disintegration of the Larsen B ice shelf in Antarctica in three weeks, 2002 • Collapse of Cumbre Vieja into the Atlantic, near future? • A massive EMP event like 1859,1921 - near future?
- 15. Social Institutions are more fragile than we appreciate
- 16. Social Institutions we take for granted are surprisingly young
- 17. <200 yrs Professional sport teams National Museums or Archives State schools <100 yrs Passports as necessary for travel Income tax the Electric ‘Grid’ Credit cards Hospital emergency room
- 18. Significant Social Institutions have died in the past century
- 19. Ticker tape Mechanics Institutes Passenger ships The Telephone Exchange Stage coach Colonial Administrations Subscription Libraries
- 20. Some Important Social Institutions that are likely to die soon
- 21. Stock exchanges? Personal cheques? National Postal Services? Daily print Newspapers? Research Libraries? Broadcast radio and tv? Nuclear Power Industry?
- 22. Depending on Social Institutions for Perpetual Support is Risky
- 23. Preserving Records • Non-records don’t become records by keeping them
- 24. Preserving Records • If all records aren’t captured, what is captured is suspect
- 25. Preserving Records • If capture, use and appraisal metadata doesn’t persist for all records, retained records are suspect
- 26. Yet... • We aren’t typically capturing records at creation • We are only appraising some records • Metadata about use is not required by most records capture architectures • Metadata on disposed records is often not kept
- 27. Capture at Creation • Service Oriented Architecture • User profiles and context metadata • Instantaneous scheduling and disposal • Vastly Distributed Storage
- 29. 1 generation was st analogous to paper • e-mail had content and metadata of a letter • e-transactions took place in our systems • e-transmissions retained locally on receipt
- 30. New Genres • Dropbox - asynchronous cloud based communications • Facebook status - social media permitted views • Monitoring/sensing data - may or may not ever be accessed
- 31. The Issues • Content stays in the cloud, not local • Permissions metadata not managed by us • Receipt only potential • Viewing leaves no trace
- 32. Metadata we have relied on for recordness may soon be inherently unavailable except at creation
- 33. Thank You David Bearman dbear@archimuse.com
Editor's Notes
- Thank you Martin and thanks to the program committee \nit was brave of them to invite a known provacateur\nI&#x2019;m not an archivist - spent 7 years working on e-records 1989-1996\nStarted by writing UN ACCIS Report\n
- nothing specific about solutions proposed is valid today - lesson 1\npolicy definitively ruled out due to false mental models in workplace, \nlike trying to fix a car\n
- Martin given us 25 minutes so we need to move on\nI will be in coffee break after and happy to answer questions then\n
- show = go on quickly\n
- show = go on quickly\n
- note 16.7 inches is OFF THE CHART RISK\n
- Built the pumps below water level with high walls based on 1:10,000\n
- \n
- another recent example\n
- If you are the Archivist of the US, and have thousands of data centers \nand 10 risks (flood, fire, tornado, earthquake, terror etc) each\nsomething will happen every year\n
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- Early days of telecommunications - telegraph operators ran without\nbatteries for 8 hours. Today it would obliterate magnetic memories.\nNote National Geographic video and US military reports three years ago\n
- Point is these events are much more likely than your mental model\n of 1:10,000 suggests\n
- I&#x2019;ll use Western excamples here because orthodox problem statement\nand solutions of arcjval practice are based in them, showing how \nproblemmatic they are\n
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- less than 200 years\n&#x2022;National museums or archives\n&#x2022;Professional sport teams\n&#x2022;State schools\nless than 100 years\n&#x2022;Passports necessary for travel\n&#x2022;credit cards\n&#x2022;Income tax \n&#x2022;the Electric &#x2018;Grid&#x2019;\n&#x2022;Hospital emergency room\n\n
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- &#x2022;Ticker tape\n&#x2022;Mechanics Institutes\n&#x2022;The Telephone Exchange\n&#x2022;Passenger ships (replaced by cruise lines)\n&#x2022;Colonial Administrations\n&#x2022;Subscription Libraries\n&#x2022;Stage coach\n\n
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- &#x2022;Note Research Library is central to the &#x201C;Trusted Digital Repository&#x201D;\nPremise of archivbal theory is Weberian bureaucracy in nation state both of which are disappearing\n
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- Western National Archives I know are NOT keeping e-records\n
- If we don&#x2019;t know hat&#x2019;s missing what is left is an editorioal choice\n
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- unless we capture at creation (note conflict with InterPares) the architecture\n of the system is wrong. Detailed specification and expensive systems\nsince 2000 jusr prove how impportant the right architecture is\n
- Paper last year in Santiago de Compestella - availbale in Spamnish as well\nthanks ro Alejandro Delgado\nBuilds on Moments of Risk paper in Archivaria about 5 years ago\n
- Happenimg everywhere - maybe mosr impressively outside Western world\nkids in Japan witnh QR codes; woment in India using cell phones as \nticker tape to monitor market prices; sub-Saharan Africa cash on cellphone\n
- We developed early ideas by (false) analogy - mental models\n
- ubiquitous cloud based web service computing will lead to many more\n
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- I hope that if you found an idea in what I said that intrigued you,\nyou will try it out on your colleagues. And if you have questions,\nyou&#x2019;ll raise them with me at the coffee break\n