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1. Temporal And Infratemporal
Fossa
UploadUpload By : Ahmed Ali AbbasBy : Ahmed Ali Abbas
Babylon University College of DentistryBabylon University College of Dentistry
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5. Infratemporal Fossa
The infratemporal fossa is an irregularly
shaped space deep and inferior to the
zygomatic arch, deep to the ramus of the
mandible, and posterior to the maxilla ). It
communicates with the temporal fossa
through the interval between (deep to) the
zygomatic arch and (superficial to) the
cranial bones.

7. Boundaries of the Infratemporal Fossa
The boundaries of the infratemporal fossa are:
 Laterally—ramus of the mandible
 Medially—lateral pterygoid plate
 Anteriorly—posterior aspect of the maxilla
 Posteriorly—tympanic plate and the mastoid
and styloid processes of the temporal bone
 Superiorly—inferior (infratemporal) surface of
the greater wing of the sphenoid bone
 Inferiorly—where the medial pterygoid muscle
attaches to the mandible near its angle.

8. Contents of the Infratemporal
Fossa
The infratemporal fossa contains the:
 Inferior part of the temporal muscle
 Lateral and medial pterygoid muscles
 Maxillary artery
 Pterygoid venous plexus
 Mandibular, inferior alveolar, lingual, buccal,
and chorda tympani nerves, and otic
ganglion.

10. The temporal muscle
 Is attached proximally to the temporal
fossa and distally to the coronoid
process and anterior border of the
ramus of the mandible. The temporal
muscle elevates the mandible (closes
lower jaw); its posterior fibers retrude
(retract) the protruded mandible.

11. Temporal

Floor of temporal fossa and deep surface.of
temporal fascia

Tip and medial surface of coronoid process
and anterior border of ramus of mandible

Deep temporal branches of mandibular nerve

Elevates mandible closing jaws; its posterior
fibers retrude mandible after protrusion

12. Lateral pterygoid muscle
It has two heads
 Superior head: infratemporal surface and infratemporal
crest of greater wing of sphenoid bone
 Inferior head: lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
 Insertion Neck of mandible (pterygoid fovea); articular disc
and capsule of temporomandibular joint
 Enervation Mandibular nerve via lateral pterygoid nerve
from anterior trunk, which enters its deep surface
 Acting together, they protrude mandible and depress chin;
acting alone and alternately, they produce side-to-side
movements of mandible

13. Medial pterygoid
 Deep head: medial surface of lateral pterygoid
plate and pyramidal process of palatine bone
 Superficial head: tuberosity of maxilla.
 Insertion Medial surface of ramus of mandible,
inferior to mandibular foramen
 Enervation Mandibular nerve via medial pterygoid
nerve
 Acting together, they help to elevate mandible,
closing jaws; they help to protrude mandible;
acting alone, they protrude side of jaw; acting
alternately, they produce a grinding motion

14. Masseter muscle
 Inferior border and medial surface of
zygomatic arch
 Lateral surface of ramus of mandible
and its coronoid process
 Enervation Mandibular nerve (CN V3)
via masseteric nerve, which enters its
deep surface
 Action Elevates and protrudes
mandible, thus closing jaws; deep fibers
retrude it

15. The maxillary artery—the larger of the
two branches of the external carotid artery
 Arises posterior to the neck of the mandible
 Passes anteriorly, deep to the neck of the mandil
condyle (first or mandibular part)
 Passes superficial or deep to the lateral pterygoid
musle (second or pterygoid part)
 Disappears through the pterygomaxillary fissure
to sm the infratemporal fossa (third or
pterygopalatine pan .

16. The maxillary artery is thus divided
into three parts by lateral pterygoid muscle
 The branches of the first or mandibular part
of the artery are:
 Deep auricular artery to the external acoustic meatus
 Anterior tympanic artery to the tympanic membrane
 Middle meningeal artery to the dura mater and
calvaria
 Accessory meningeal arteries to the cranial cavity
 Inferior alveolar artery to the mandible, gingivae and
teeth.

17. The branches of the second or pterygoid
part of the maxillary artery are:
 Deep temporal arteries, anterior and posterior,
which supply the temporal muscle
 Pterygoid arteries, which supply the pterygoid
muscles
 Masseteric artery, which supplies the deep
surface of the masseter muscle
 Buccal artery, which supplies the buccinator
muscle.

18. The branches of the third or pterygopalatine
part of the maxillary artery are:
 Posterior superior alveolar (dental) artery, which supplies the maxillary
molar and premolar teeth, the lining of the maxillary sinus, and the
gingival
 Infraorbital artery, which supplies the inferior eyelid,
lacrimal sac, the side of the nose, and the superior lip
 Descending palatine artery, which supplies the maxillary
gingival, palatine glands, and the mucous membrane of the
roof of the mouth
 Artery of pterygoid canal, which supplies the superior part of the
pharynx, the pharyngotympanic tube, and the tympanic cavity
 Pharyngeal artery, which supplies the roof of the pharynx, the
sphenoidal sinus, and the inferior part of the pharyn­gotympanic tube

19.  Sphenopalatine artery, the termination of the
maxillary artery, which supplies the lateral
nasal wall, the nasal sep­tum, and the
adjacent paranasal sinuses.
 The pterygoid venous plexus is partly
between the temporal and pterygoid muscles.
The plexus has connections with the facial
vein through the cavernous sinus

20. The mandibular nerve
 descends through the foramen ovale into the
infratemporal fossa and divides into sensory
and motor branches.
 The branches of CN V3 are the
auriculotemporal, inferior alveolar, lingual, and
buccal nerves. Branches of the mandibular
nerve also supply the four muscles of
mastication but not the buccinator, which is
supplied by facial nerve.

21. The otic ganglion
 It is (parasympathetic) is in the infratemporal
fossa, just inferior to the foramen ovale,
medial to the mandibular nerve and posterior
to the medial pterygoid muscle. Presynaptic
parasympathetic fibers, derived mainly from
the glossopharyngeal nerve, synapse in the
otic ganglion Postsynaptic parasympathetic
fibers, which are secretory to the parotid
gland, pass from the otic ganglion to this gland
through the auriculotemporal nerve.

22. The auriculotemporal nerve
 encircles the middle meningeal artery and
divides into numerous branches, the largest
of which passes posteriorly, medial to the
neck of the mandible, and supplies sensory
fibers to the auricle and temporal region.
 The auricotemporal nerve also sends articular
fibers to the temporomandibularjoint and
parasympathetic secretomotor fibers to the
parotid gland.

24. The inferior alveolar nerve
 The inferior alveolar nerve enters the mandibular
foramen and passes through the mandibular canal
forming the inferior dental plexus, which sends dental
branches to all mandibular teeth on its side.
 Another branch of the plexus—the mental nerve—
passes through the mental foramen and supplies the
skin and mucous membrane of the lower lip, the skin
of the chin, and the vestibular gingival of the
mandibular incisor teeth

25. The lingual nerve
 lies anterior to the inferior alveolar nerve.
 It is sensory to the anterior two-thirds of
the tongue, the floor of the mouth, and
the lingual gingivae.
 It enters the mouth between the medial
pterygoid and the ramus of the mandible
and passes anteriorly under cover of the
oral mucosa, just inferior to the 3rd molar
tooth

26. The chorda tympani nerve
 a branch of CN VII carrying taste fibers from
the anterior two-thirds of the tongue, joins
the lingual nerve in the infratemporal fossa.
 The chorda tympani also carries
secretomotor fibers for the submandibular
and sublingual salivary glands.

27. The temporal region
 The temporal region includes the
temporal and infratemporal fossae,
superior and inferior to the zygomatic
arch, respectively.

28. The temporal fossa
 in which the temporal muscle (L.
temporalis) is located, is bounded:
1. Posteriorly and superiorly by the
temporal lines.
2. Anteriorly by the frontal and zygomatic
bones.
3. Laterally by the zygomatic arch.
4. Inferiorly by the infratemporal crest.

29. The temporal fossa
 The floor of the temporal fossa is
formed by parts of the four bones that
form the pterion: frontal, parietal,
temporal, and greater wing of the
sphenoid.

30. The temporal fossa
 The fan-shaped temporal muscle arises from
the bony floor and the overlying temporal
fascia, which forms the roof of the temporal
fossa.
 This tough fascia covers the temporal muscle,
attaching superiorly to the superior temporal
line. Inferiorly, the fascia splits into two layers,
which attach to the lateral and medial
surfaces of the zygomatic arch. The temporal
fascia also tethers the zygomatic arch
superiorly.

31. The temporal fossa
 When the powerful masseter muscle,
which is attached to the inferior border
of the arch, contracts and exerts a
strong downward pull on the arch, the
temporal fascia provides resistance.

32. The temporal fossa
 The superficial temporal artery enters
the temporal fossa, and ends in the
scalp by dividing into frontal and
parietal branches

33. The temporal fossa
 is the region of the lateral aspect of the
cranium superior to the zygomatic arch
and inferior to the temporal lines

34. The temporal fossa
 The superior border of this arch
corresponds to the inferior limit of the
cerebral hemisphere of the brain. The
zygomatic arch is formed by the union
of the temporal process of the
zygomatic bone and the zygomatic
process of the temporal bone.

35. The temporal fossa
 Within the temporal fossa, the pterion is
a craniometric point at the junction of
the greater wing of the sphenoid, the
squamous temporal bone, the frontal,
and the parietal bones

36. The temporal fossa
 is bounded superiorly and posteriorly by
the superior and inferior temporal lines,
 anteriorly by the frontal and zygomatic
bones.
 inferiorly by the zygomatic arch