Typhiod With A Case Study

1. Done By
Deborah Susan Pavithra.G
3rd Sem,HSC

2.  Typhoid fever usually is caused by Salmonellae typhi bacteria.
 Typhoid fever is contracted by the ingestion of contaminated food
or water.
 Diagnosis of typhoid fever is made when the Salmonella bacteria is
detected with a stool culture.
 Typhoid fever is treated with antibiotics.
 Typhoid fever symptoms are poor appetite, headaches, generalized
aches and pains, fever, and lethargy.
 Approximately 3%-5% of patients become carriers of the bacteria
after the acute illness.

3. •Typhoid fever is an acute illness associated with fever that
is most often caused by the Salmonella typhi bacteria.
•It can also be caused by Salmonella paratyphi, a related
bacterium that usually leads to a less severe illness.
•The bacteria are deposited in water or food by a human
carrier and are then spread to other people in the area.

4.  Typhoid fever is contracted by the ingestion of the bacteria in
contaminated food or water.
 Patients with acute illness can contaminate the surrounding water supply
through stool, which contains a high concentration of the bacteria.
 Contamination of the water supply can, in turn, taint the food supply. About
3%-5% of patients become carriers of the bacteria after the acute illness.
 These patients can become long-term carriers of the bacteria. The
bacteria multiplies in the gallbladder, bile ducts, or liver and passes into the
bowel.
 The bacteria can survive for weeks in water or dried sewage. These chronic
carriers may have no symptoms and can be the source of new outbreaks of
typhoid fever for many.

5.  After the ingestion of contaminated food or water,
the Salmonella bacteria invade the small intestine and enter
the bloodstream temporarily.
 The bacteria are carried by white blood cells in the liver,
spleen, and bone marrow.
 The bacteria then multiply in the cells of these organs and
re-enter the bloodstream.
 Patients develop symptoms, including fever, when the
organism re-enters the bloodstream.
 Bacteria invade the gallbladder, biliary system, and the
lymphatic tissue of the bowel.

6.  poor appetite
 abdominal pain
 headaches
 generalized aches and pains
 fever, often up to 104 F
 lethargy (usually only if untreated)
 intestinal bleeding or perforation (after two to
three weeks of the disease
 diarrhea or constipation.

8.  Typhoid fever is treated with antibiotics that kill
the Salmonella bacteria.
 Death occurred from overwhelming
infection, pneumonia, intestinal bleeding, or intestinal
perforation.
 With antibiotics and supportive care, mortality has
been reduced to 1%-2%.
 Several antibiotics are effective for the treatment of
typhoid fever.

9.  Blood test
 Bone marrow test
 Stool culture test
 Widal Test

10.  Chloramphenicol
 Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
 Ceftriaxone (Rocephin),
 Ampicillin (Omnipen, Polycillin, Principen
 trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole(Bactrim,
Septra)

11.  For those traveling to high-risk areas, vaccines
are now available.
 There are two forms of the vaccine available an
oral and an inject able form.
 The oral vaccine is contraindicated in patients
with depressed immune systems.

13.  High Fiber Foods Should Be Avoided
 Spicy Foods not to be taken
 Highly flavored foods are to be avoided
 Deep fried foods are to be avoided
 Aerated drinks, tea, coffee to be avoided.

14.  The Case Study Of My Patient Showed that He
Had Typhoid.
 It Was Proved Through Widal Test And Blood
test.
 His Symptoms were fever (104F),chills, body
aches, cough.
 His BP, Sugar Levels Were Normal.
 He was asked to be on diet of food with less
salt and less fiber and totally avoid spicy foods.
 He Was Advised to take complete rest.

15. Thank You