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Breast disease ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
 
 
[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
BREAST  EXAMINATION ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
Palpation ,[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Special examination of breast ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
 
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Core biopsy ,[object Object]
Excisional biopsy ,[object Object]
Incisional biopsy ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ductogram ,[object Object]
ACUTE MASTITIS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Clinical findings ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Nonpuerperal abscess  ,[object Object]
MAMMARY  DYSPLASIA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Pathology ,[object Object]
Clinical manifestations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Diagnosis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
TUMORS OF BREAST ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
FIBROADENOMA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
INTRADUCTAL  PAPILLOMA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
CARCINOMA OF BREAST ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Risk factors for breast cancer Benign proliferative changes with atypia Noninvasive carcinoma( ductal or lobular carcinoma in situ) Personal history of contralateral breast cancer Low dose radiation Family history(mother, sister, or daughter with premenopausal or bilateral breast cancer Late nenopause(after age 50) Age  older Early menarche(<12) Gender (female>male) ninor major
If diagnosed at an early stage, breast cancer has an encouraging cure rate: up to 97% of women diagnosed with localized breast cancer will survive five years after their diagnosis. Even if the cancer is found at a more advanced stage, new therapies have enabled many people with breast cancer to experience the same quality of life as before their diagnosis. About 90% of all breast cancers originate in the ducts or lobes. Almost 75% of all breast cancers begin in the cells lining the milk ducts and are called ductal carcinomas. Cancers that begin in the lobules are called lobular carcinoma. Lobular carcinoma has a higher chance of occurring in the contralateral (the other) breast either at the time of diagnosis or in the future.
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Pathologic classification of carcinoma of breast ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
2.Invasive breast cancer ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Special clinical forms of breast cancer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
Inflammatory carcinoma ,[object Object]
The inflammatory changes often mistaken for an infection process, are caused by carcinoma invasion of the dermal lymphatics, with resulting edema,and hyperemia, if the physicin suspects infection but the lesion does not respond rapidly( 1-2 weeks) to antibiotics, biopsy examination must be performed. Metastases tend to occur early and widely, and for this reason inflammatory carcinoma is rarely curable. Mastectomy is seldome, if ever, indicated. Radiation, hormone therapy, and antcancer chemotherapy are the measures more likely to be of value.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clinical manifestation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
AJCC/UICC Stage Group American joint committee on cancer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
Treatment ,[object Object]
Axillary lymph node dissection(ALND) ,[object Object]
[object Object]
Sentinel lymph nodes biopsy(SLNB) ,[object Object]
[object Object]
A  blue dye in lumpectomy site B  axillary lymph nodes: levels I C  axillary lymph nodes: levels II D  axillary lymph nodes: levels III E  large lymphatic channels F small lymphatic channels G sentinel lymph nodes taking up dye  
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1.surgical operation   ,[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Adjuvant therapy ,[object Object]
2.Radiotherapy ,[object Object]
Radiation therapy is given regularly for a number of weeks following a lumpectomy or partial mastectomy in order to eliminate remaining cancer cells near the tumor site. Radiation therapy is also recommended for many women after a mastectomy depending upon the size of their tumor, number of involved lymph nodes under the arm, and width of the margin of resection obtained by the surgeon. Sometimes radiation therapy is given before surgery to shrink a large tumor and make it easier to remove.
chemotherapy ,[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object]
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Hormone therapy ,[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object]
Aromatase inhibitors decrease the production of estrogen and are effective in postmenopausal women. They work by blocking the aromatase enzyme, which is necessary for production of estrogen. They are emerging as the preferred treatment for women with hormone-sensitive cancers. Several of these drugs include anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane.
Targeted drug therapy.   ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Recurrent breast cancer ,[object Object]
[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
 

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Breast Disease1

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  • 48. Risk factors for breast cancer Benign proliferative changes with atypia Noninvasive carcinoma( ductal or lobular carcinoma in situ) Personal history of contralateral breast cancer Low dose radiation Family history(mother, sister, or daughter with premenopausal or bilateral breast cancer Late nenopause(after age 50) Age older Early menarche(<12) Gender (female>male) ninor major
  • 49. If diagnosed at an early stage, breast cancer has an encouraging cure rate: up to 97% of women diagnosed with localized breast cancer will survive five years after their diagnosis. Even if the cancer is found at a more advanced stage, new therapies have enabled many people with breast cancer to experience the same quality of life as before their diagnosis. About 90% of all breast cancers originate in the ducts or lobes. Almost 75% of all breast cancers begin in the cells lining the milk ducts and are called ductal carcinomas. Cancers that begin in the lobules are called lobular carcinoma. Lobular carcinoma has a higher chance of occurring in the contralateral (the other) breast either at the time of diagnosis or in the future.
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  • 61. The inflammatory changes often mistaken for an infection process, are caused by carcinoma invasion of the dermal lymphatics, with resulting edema,and hyperemia, if the physicin suspects infection but the lesion does not respond rapidly( 1-2 weeks) to antibiotics, biopsy examination must be performed. Metastases tend to occur early and widely, and for this reason inflammatory carcinoma is rarely curable. Mastectomy is seldome, if ever, indicated. Radiation, hormone therapy, and antcancer chemotherapy are the measures more likely to be of value.
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  • 77. A blue dye in lumpectomy site B axillary lymph nodes: levels I C axillary lymph nodes: levels II D axillary lymph nodes: levels III E large lymphatic channels F small lymphatic channels G sentinel lymph nodes taking up dye  
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  • 84. Radiation therapy is given regularly for a number of weeks following a lumpectomy or partial mastectomy in order to eliminate remaining cancer cells near the tumor site. Radiation therapy is also recommended for many women after a mastectomy depending upon the size of their tumor, number of involved lymph nodes under the arm, and width of the margin of resection obtained by the surgeon. Sometimes radiation therapy is given before surgery to shrink a large tumor and make it easier to remove.
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  • 95. Aromatase inhibitors decrease the production of estrogen and are effective in postmenopausal women. They work by blocking the aromatase enzyme, which is necessary for production of estrogen. They are emerging as the preferred treatment for women with hormone-sensitive cancers. Several of these drugs include anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane.
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