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Evolution of the PayPal API Platform 
Enabling the future of Money 
QCon San Francisco 2014 
Deepak Nadig, Head of API Platform Engineering
PAYPAL CONTEXT 
2 
– 157 million active digital wallets 
– 203 markets and 100 currencies 
– Serves 2M+ third-party developers 
– 2013: Total Payment Volume was $180 billion 
– Q3 2014 
– Total Payment Volume was $56.6 Billion, $7118 / second 
– Growing 29% YoY 
– $12 Billion in mobile payments volume (20% of total) 
– 895 million transactions, 9.7 million payments / day 
– 2014: >1 Billion Mobile Transactions 
– 25% cross border trade 
In a globally dynamic environment 
– 300+ features per quarter 
– We roll 100,000+ lines of code every two weeks
PAYPAL EXTERNAL API EVOLUTION 
3 
PayPal External API 
PayPal Capabilities 
2001 Instant Payment Notification 
2004 Transaction, Mass Pay API 
2005 Direct Payment API, Express Checkout 
2007 Payment APIs (NVP) 
2009 Adaptive APIs (SOAP/XML, NV, JSON) 
2013 Payment APIs (REST)
API PLATFORM CHALLENGES (2012) 
© 2014 PayPal Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary. 
4 
External API Platform 
• Multiple developer portals 
• Overlapping, inconsistent APIs 
• Learn from large documents 
• Complex sign-up process 
• Incomplete, unreliable Sandbox 
Internal SOA 
• Discovery through tribal knowledge 
• Overlapping, inconsistent APIs 
• Integrating with an API took weeks 
• Tight coupling; monoliths 
• Proprietary standards & technology
WHAT GOT US HERE WON’T TAKE US THERE 
5 
Mobile Local 
Social 
Digital 
Time 
Performance 
Limits 
reached 
High 
growth 
Kickoff
API PLATFORM – 2012 TO TARGET STATE 
6 
API Definition Internal or External Universal 
API Discovery Painful Developer Portal 
API Design Project specific API as a Product 
Architecture Tightly coupled SOA Loosely coupled SOA 
Technology Proprietary Standards based 
Integration Expensive TTFHW1 < x min 
(1) Time to First Hello World – Time to make a simple call/application
PAYPAL API PLATFORM 
7 
Portfolio of APIs 
aligned by business capabilities, 
realized by isolated and encapsulated services, 
that can be used by internal and external developers 
to develop applications and integrations 
quickly and cost effectively
API PLATFORM QUALITIES 
8 
API First 
API as a Product 
• Work back from the use cases 
• API Design Standards 
• API portfolio 
• Aligned by capabilities 
Developer Experience 
• Easy to learn, integrate, diagnose 
• Time To First Hello World 
API Quality Attributes 
• Response-time 
• Availability 
Service Architecture 
• Encapsulated, Isolated 
• Craftsmanship 
Working back from the customer
GUIDING TOWARDS TARGET STATE 
9 
• Define the Target State 
• Define shared goals and measure progress 
• Facilitate change across the company
TARGET STATE - RUN-TIME ARCHITECTURE 
10 
API Facade 
Payments Instruments Customer 
Credit Risk Compliance 
Invoicing 
Disputes 
PayPal Applications 
(Wallet, POS) 
2nd-party 
Applications 
(eBay, Braintree) 
3nd-party Server 
Applications 
(Online websites) 
PayPal Web 
Applications 
Experience 
APIs 
Capability 
APIs 
Event Bus 
Webhooks 
3nd-party Mobile 
Applications 
(Uber, PhotoCard) 
Batch 
Processing 
External 
Events 
Batch 
Protocol conversion APIs 
OAuth, CORS 
Routing 
Orchestration
SHARED GOALS & MEASURING PROGRESS 
11 
Maturity 
Level 
Maturity Level 
Name 
Characteristics (Design, Functional, Operational) 
Level 1 Exists All services (classic & new) 
Level 2 Functional Complies with API standards, fully tested, basic documentation 
Level 3 Core API aligned with product structure, complete developer experience 
Level 4 Performant Complies with SLO (Service Level Objectives) 
Level 5 Ideal 
Fully encapsulated, isolated, meets all design and implementation 
principles 
Shared goals for completing at least 75% of platform at Maturity Level 3+ 
Reported across functions and leaders
FACILITATING CHANGE 
12 
• Educate & evangelize target architecture & standards 
• Make it valuable to conform. Make deviations very expensive 
• Partition using API Product Structure & ‘bounded contexts’ 
• Report progress of each API Product & organization 
• Make early adopters your evangelists. Celebrate success!
API PLATFORM EVOLUTION – THE JOURNEY 
© 2014 PayPal Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary. 
13 
2016 
NORM 
2012 
INITIATED 
President buy-in 
Company mandate 
Seed organization 
Right people 
2013 
EXTERNAL 
Launched externally 
Initiated internally 
Early adopters 
2014 
EXPANSION 
Complete majority 
Educate, evangelize 
Recognize success 
2015 
RETIRE LEGACY 
Retire & migrate 
Transition to norm
EVOLUTION IS MORE THAN TECHNOLOGY 
14 
People 
• API Design team 
• API Product owners 
• Developer advocates 
Technology/Product 
• REST/OAuth 
• API Orchestration w/ Groovy 
• GDD(1) based tools/Genio 
Developer 
Process 
• Hackathons 
• Developer experience 
• Company-wide program 
(1) Google Discovery Document
CUSTOMERS OF THE API PLATFORM 
15 
Customer Application: eBay PayPal Web Web Page 
Application 
APIs: /v1/apis/applications 
Mobile Application 
Third-party Web Application 
Mobile Application (based on mSDK) 
Touch 
Samsung Wallet (Samsung Galaxy S5, Gear 2, Gear Fit) 
oauth2/token, tokens, /v1//v1/payments/vault/wallet/{wallet/payments/payments 
token 
user-activities 
payment 
payment 
id}/financial-instruments
TO CLOSE 
16 
• PayPal API Platform has been redesigned to support new needs 
• Plan to evolve the complete Architecture Business Cycle 
• Define target; goals and metrics; manage change 
• Educate, evangelize … repeat 
• Flexibility may be the most under-rated quality attribute!
Thank you 
@deepak_nadig 
17

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Evolution of the PayPal API Platform Enabling the future of Money at QCon San Francisco 2014:

  • 1. Evolution of the PayPal API Platform Enabling the future of Money QCon San Francisco 2014 Deepak Nadig, Head of API Platform Engineering
  • 2. PAYPAL CONTEXT 2 – 157 million active digital wallets – 203 markets and 100 currencies – Serves 2M+ third-party developers – 2013: Total Payment Volume was $180 billion – Q3 2014 – Total Payment Volume was $56.6 Billion, $7118 / second – Growing 29% YoY – $12 Billion in mobile payments volume (20% of total) – 895 million transactions, 9.7 million payments / day – 2014: >1 Billion Mobile Transactions – 25% cross border trade In a globally dynamic environment – 300+ features per quarter – We roll 100,000+ lines of code every two weeks
  • 3. PAYPAL EXTERNAL API EVOLUTION 3 PayPal External API PayPal Capabilities 2001 Instant Payment Notification 2004 Transaction, Mass Pay API 2005 Direct Payment API, Express Checkout 2007 Payment APIs (NVP) 2009 Adaptive APIs (SOAP/XML, NV, JSON) 2013 Payment APIs (REST)
  • 4. API PLATFORM CHALLENGES (2012) © 2014 PayPal Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary. 4 External API Platform • Multiple developer portals • Overlapping, inconsistent APIs • Learn from large documents • Complex sign-up process • Incomplete, unreliable Sandbox Internal SOA • Discovery through tribal knowledge • Overlapping, inconsistent APIs • Integrating with an API took weeks • Tight coupling; monoliths • Proprietary standards & technology
  • 5. WHAT GOT US HERE WON’T TAKE US THERE 5 Mobile Local Social Digital Time Performance Limits reached High growth Kickoff
  • 6. API PLATFORM – 2012 TO TARGET STATE 6 API Definition Internal or External Universal API Discovery Painful Developer Portal API Design Project specific API as a Product Architecture Tightly coupled SOA Loosely coupled SOA Technology Proprietary Standards based Integration Expensive TTFHW1 < x min (1) Time to First Hello World – Time to make a simple call/application
  • 7. PAYPAL API PLATFORM 7 Portfolio of APIs aligned by business capabilities, realized by isolated and encapsulated services, that can be used by internal and external developers to develop applications and integrations quickly and cost effectively
  • 8. API PLATFORM QUALITIES 8 API First API as a Product • Work back from the use cases • API Design Standards • API portfolio • Aligned by capabilities Developer Experience • Easy to learn, integrate, diagnose • Time To First Hello World API Quality Attributes • Response-time • Availability Service Architecture • Encapsulated, Isolated • Craftsmanship Working back from the customer
  • 9. GUIDING TOWARDS TARGET STATE 9 • Define the Target State • Define shared goals and measure progress • Facilitate change across the company
  • 10. TARGET STATE - RUN-TIME ARCHITECTURE 10 API Facade Payments Instruments Customer Credit Risk Compliance Invoicing Disputes PayPal Applications (Wallet, POS) 2nd-party Applications (eBay, Braintree) 3nd-party Server Applications (Online websites) PayPal Web Applications Experience APIs Capability APIs Event Bus Webhooks 3nd-party Mobile Applications (Uber, PhotoCard) Batch Processing External Events Batch Protocol conversion APIs OAuth, CORS Routing Orchestration
  • 11. SHARED GOALS & MEASURING PROGRESS 11 Maturity Level Maturity Level Name Characteristics (Design, Functional, Operational) Level 1 Exists All services (classic & new) Level 2 Functional Complies with API standards, fully tested, basic documentation Level 3 Core API aligned with product structure, complete developer experience Level 4 Performant Complies with SLO (Service Level Objectives) Level 5 Ideal Fully encapsulated, isolated, meets all design and implementation principles Shared goals for completing at least 75% of platform at Maturity Level 3+ Reported across functions and leaders
  • 12. FACILITATING CHANGE 12 • Educate & evangelize target architecture & standards • Make it valuable to conform. Make deviations very expensive • Partition using API Product Structure & ‘bounded contexts’ • Report progress of each API Product & organization • Make early adopters your evangelists. Celebrate success!
  • 13. API PLATFORM EVOLUTION – THE JOURNEY © 2014 PayPal Inc. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary. 13 2016 NORM 2012 INITIATED President buy-in Company mandate Seed organization Right people 2013 EXTERNAL Launched externally Initiated internally Early adopters 2014 EXPANSION Complete majority Educate, evangelize Recognize success 2015 RETIRE LEGACY Retire & migrate Transition to norm
  • 14. EVOLUTION IS MORE THAN TECHNOLOGY 14 People • API Design team • API Product owners • Developer advocates Technology/Product • REST/OAuth • API Orchestration w/ Groovy • GDD(1) based tools/Genio Developer Process • Hackathons • Developer experience • Company-wide program (1) Google Discovery Document
  • 15. CUSTOMERS OF THE API PLATFORM 15 Customer Application: eBay PayPal Web Web Page Application APIs: /v1/apis/applications Mobile Application Third-party Web Application Mobile Application (based on mSDK) Touch Samsung Wallet (Samsung Galaxy S5, Gear 2, Gear Fit) oauth2/token, tokens, /v1//v1/payments/vault/wallet/{wallet/payments/payments token user-activities payment payment id}/financial-instruments
  • 16. TO CLOSE 16 • PayPal API Platform has been redesigned to support new needs • Plan to evolve the complete Architecture Business Cycle • Define target; goals and metrics; manage change • Educate, evangelize … repeat • Flexibility may be the most under-rated quality attribute!

Editor's Notes

  1. PayPal founded 15+ years ago. Money transfer between 2 PDA devices. VC beamed money from a Palm Pilot. In 1999, email based payments. And then Merchants checkout online. PayPal has grown phenomenally. Outline: The PayPal Context PayPal API Evolution (Until REST) PayPal Complexity What got us here … From 2012 to Target API Platform API Platform Qualities Getting to Target Maturity Model Architecture Successes Summary
  2. 1 – Online checkout 2 – Offline checkout 3 – Checkout anywhere 4 – Frictionless payments 5 – Mobile payments – Checkout or P2P 6 – Gaming and payments 7 – TV payments 8 – Managing money; Physical/Digital bridge 9 – Wearables 10 – Hobbyists
  3. Most common SOA anti-patterns You start bottom up (without spending time with developers)
  4. Different quality attributes are important at different stages of a company
  5. Loosely coupled SOA Bounded contexts using namespaces Shared nothing
  6. Changing mindset of 13000 employees
  7. 3 Primary integration or interaction styles Request/Response Notifications Batch REST Service granularity is a little more predictable and customer driven Events are also APIs of a different nature. Managing portfolio of events is similar to managing portfolio of APIs
  8. 5 - Bounded contexts/Namespaces