molecular biology

1. EUKARYOTIC
PROMOTER
Presented by:
Manish Gaud.
Department:
Pharmaco-Informatics(PI-291)
NIPER HAJIPUR. 1

2. Eukaryotic Promoters
In genetics:
A promoter is a DNA sequence that can recruit
transcriptional machinery and lead to transcription of
the downstream DNA sequence.
Location:
located near the transcription start sites of genes, on
the same strand and upstream on the DNA (towards
the 5' region of the sense strand).
Size:
Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long.
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3. Importance of promoter
• Promoter is a binding site for RNA polymerase.
• RNA polymerase bind only on promoter.
• It helps in transcription.
• A promoter may include a binding site for a protein
presence or absence of that protein will affect the strength
of the promoter. Such a promoter is known as a regulated
promoter.
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4. •Three kind of RNA polymerase can bind on
promoter…
• RNA polymerase I
• RNA polymerase II
• RNA polymerase III
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5. Types of promoters
• 1)Constitutive promoter :-
• These promoters are always active for gene expression and
environment independent.
•2)Tissue-specific :-
• These promoters direct the gene expression in a specific
tissues or at certain stage of development.
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6. Types of promoters
•3)Synthetic promoter :-
• These promoters are made by primary element of a
particular region from diverse origin.
•4)Inducible promoter :-
• These promoters dependent upon the external stimuli &
environmental factors for gene expression .
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7. Method to determine promoter site.
• DNase footprint assay method:
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8. Online promoter prediction tools
• There are many online tools available for predicting
promoter ..
• For example,
• Promoter 2.0 prediction server.
• Neural Network Promoter Prediction.
• PROMOSER.
• Etc.
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10. •Promoter 2.0 Prediction Results
• gi_186429_gb_J00265.1_HUMINS01 Human insulin gene, complete
4044 nucleotides
• Position Score likelihood
• 2300 1.118 Highly likely prediction
• 2900 0.620 Marginal prediction
• 3700 0.521 Marginal prediction
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