Class on "Porcelain layering on zirconia coping" Presentation by Prof. Dr. Marco Ferrari MD, DMD, PhD. http://www.dentalevo.it/dentistry-materials/porcelain-layering-zirconia-coping/

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‘Porcelain layerying on zirconia coping’ives
Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Dental Materials
Tuscan School of Dental Medicine
University of Florence and Siena, Italy
Dean, Chair: Prof. Dr. Marco Ferrari, MD, DDS, Ph D

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5. GCem with Zirconia crowns after 36-48 months

6. GCem with Zirconia crowns after 60 months

7. LinkAce with Zirconia crowns after 12 months

11. Experimental primer is very effective

12. 3Y-TZP Mechanical complications
Materials and Methods
Aim of the study: to evaluate the influence of different framework design on
PFM Design
Flat Design
Ribbings Design
fracture resistance of zirconia crowns layered with porcelain

13. 3Y-TZP Mechanical complications
Materials and Methods
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3 groups (n=10) of crowns made on extracted bycuspids are prepared for full crowns. The three groups will have
framework without any design (Group 1), with PFM Design (Group 2) and Ribbings Design (Group 3).
All casts will be made with Aadva zirconia material. Initial will be used by a single technician for layering in a costant and
uniform thickness.
After being luted with GCem, each samples will be under continuos loading till fracture. The fracture resistance will be
recorded and statistical analysis will be made. After fracture, each crown will be evaluated under SEM in order to detect the
type of failures.
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14. IADR-SEATTLE 2013
#174948
Fracture Resistance of three Porcelain-layered CAD-CAM Zirconia Frame Designs
M. FERRARI1, A. VICHI2, A. GIOVANNETTI2, G. BONADEO3, C. RENGO4, and C. GORACCI3, 1Dental Materials and Fixed Prosthodontics - University of Siena, Tuscan School of Dental Medicine - University of Firenze and Siena, Livorno,
Italy, 2Dental Materials and Fixed Prosthodontics - University of Siena, Tuscan School of Dental Medicine - University of Firenze and Siena, Grosseto, Italy, 3Dental Materials and Fixed Prosthodontics - University of Siena, Tuscan
School of Dental Medicine - University of Firenze and Siena, Siena, Italy, 4Dental Materials and Fixed Prosthodontics - University of Siena, Tuscan School of Dental Medicine -University of Firenze and Siena, Napoli, Italy
Objective: Chipping is the most frequent clinical failure of zirconia crowns. Causes of chipping have not been completely understood and different possible reasons have been considered. The study
was aimed at evaluating the fracture resistance of 3 different CAD-CAM zirconia frame designs veneered with porcelain.
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Dental Materials 2014!
Fracture resistance of three porcelain-layered!
CAD/CAM zirconia frame designs!
Marco Ferrari, Agostino Giovannetti, Michele Carrabba,!
Giovanni Bonadeo, Carlo Rengo, Francesca Monticelli,!
Alessandro Vichi.!

15. Method: Thirty extracted sound premolars were divided into 3 groups (n=10).
Silicon impressions of the crowns were taken.
Chamfer preparations were performed, impressions were taken, and dies were prepared.
Three zirconia frame designs (Aadva, GC) were realized: 1. reproduction of the abutment contour (flat design, FD); 2. wax-up as for
porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns (PFM); 3. anatomically-guided, designed to keep constant the thickness of the overlying porcelain
veneering (AG).
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Porcelain veneering was made with pressure layering technique (Initial Zr, GC)
using the previously obtained silicon impressions.

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30. Crowns were cemented utilizing a self-adhesive resin cement (G-Cem, GC).
After a 24-hour water storage at 37°C, using a universal testing machine (1mm crosshead speed),
crowned teeth were loaded in the central fossa with a round-tip stainless steel rod of 2 mm in
diameter in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis of the tooth.
Loading was applied until fracture occurred and load at fracture was recorded in Newtons (N).
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Digital photographs of the failed specimens were taken in order to assess failure patterns.
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Between-group differences in fracture strength were statistically analyzed
(One-Way Analysis of Variance, Tukey test, p<0.05)

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Results: Load at fractures differed significantly among the groups (p=0.004).
AG exhibited significantly higher fracture resistance (1721,6±488,1 N) than PFM (1004,6±321,3 N) and FD (1179,5±536,2 N), that were comparable.
Repairable failures occurred in 80% of AG, 70% of PFM, and 50% of FD specimens.
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Newton( FRACTURE(TEST(
1179,563(
1004,681(
1721,664(
2500"
2000"
1500"
1000"
500"
0"
I.LISC( II.BORD( III.RID(MAS(
FAILURE&PATTERNS&
50%$
100%$
80%$
60%$
40%$
20%$
Conclusion: Anatomically-guided zirconia frames resisted significantly higher loads than flat and PFM-like frame designs.
70%$
80%$
50%$
30%$
20%$
0%$
I"LISC& II"BORD& III"RID&MAS&
NR$
R$
GROUPS:( I*LISC( (( FRACTURE(MODE:( R:(restorable( FRACTURE(MODE(2:(separated(evalua@on(for(crown(and(tooth(
(( II*BORD( NR:(non(restorable( CE:(cipping(with(zirconia(exposi@on( ((
(( III*RID(MAS( (( (( (( (( C:(cipping(without(zirconia(axposi@on( ((
FV:(ver@cal(fracture( ((
FO:(orizontal(fracture( (( (( (( ((
MEAN( SD( R( NR(
I*LISC( 1179,563(
536,25517
72( I*LISC( 50%( 50%(
II*BORD( 1004,681(
321,32031
78( II*BORD( 70%( 30%(
III*RID(MAS( 1721,664(
488,11936
04( III*RID(MAS( 80%( 20%(

32. Clinical evaluation
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3 groups of 20 samples each
Single unit zirconia/porcelain crowns
3 different anatomic designs
Clinical parameters over time of clinical service
such as chipping, marginal leakage, postop sensitivity
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vs
vs
vs

33. Clinical trial of three framework designs of porcelain layered zirconia crowns: 18 months preliminary results.
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36. Clinical evaluation

37. New Clinical trial
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2 groups of 20 samples each
Single unit zirconia/porcelain crowns
1 different anatomic designs vs monolitic crowns
Clinical parameters over time of clinical service
such as chipping, marginal leakage, postop sensitivity
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vs

38. Clinical eva!luation
2 groups of 10 samples each
Three- unit zirconia/porcelain bridges
2 different anatomic designs
Clinical parameters over time of clinical service
such as chipping, marginal leakage, postop sensitivity
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39. ORIGINAL ARTICLE J Adv Prosthodont 2011;3:57-62!DOI:10.4047/jap.2011.3.2.57
The effect of ceramic thickness and number of firings on the color of a zirconium oxide based all
ceramic system fabricated using CAD/CAM technology
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Vinay Chila Bachhav*, MDS, Meena Ajay Aras, MDS
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Department of Prosthodontics, Goa Dental College and Hospital, Bambolim, Goa, India
PURPOSE. Ceramics have a long history in fixed prosthodontics for achieving optimal esthetics and various materials have been used to improve ceramic core strength. However, there is a lack of information on how color is
affected by fabrication procedure. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of various dentin ceramic thicknesses and repeated firings on the color of zirconium oxide all-ceramic system (LavaTM) fabricated using
CAD/CAM technology. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Thirty disc-shaped cores, 12 mm in diameter with a 1 mm thickness were fabricated from zirconium oxide based all ceramic systems (LavaTM, 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA)
and divided into three groups (n = 10) according to veneering with dentin ceramic thicknesses: as 0.5, 1, or 1.5 mm. Repeated firings (3, 5, 7, or 9) were performed, and the color of the specimens was compared with the color
after the initial firing. Color differences among ceramic specimens were measured using a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade, VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad S ̈ackingen, Germany) and data were expressed in CIELAB system
coordinates. A repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to analyze the data (n = 10, α=.05). RESULTS. L*a*b* values of the ceramic systems were affected by the number of firings (3, 5, 7, or 9 firings)
(P<.001) and ceramic thickness (0.5, 1, or 1.5 mm) (P<.001). Significant interactions were present in L*a*b* values between the number of firings and ceramic thickness (P<.001). An increase in number of firings result- ed in
significant increase in L* values for both 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm thicknesses (P<.01, P=.013); however it decreased for 1 mm thickness (P<.01). The a* values increased for 1 mm and 1.5 mm thicknesses (P<.01), while it decreased
for 0.5 mm specimens. The b* values increased sig- nificantly for all thicknesses (P<.01, P=.022). As the dentin ceramic thickness increased, significant reductions in L* values (P<.01) were record- ed. There were significant
increases in both a* and b* values (P<.01) as the dentin ceramic thickness increased. CONCLUSION. The num- ber of firings and dentin ceramic thickness have a definite effect on the final color of all ceramic system tested. The
mean ΔE value increased as the dentin ceramic thicknesses increased for zirconium-oxide based all ceramic specimens tested. However, the mean ΔE values were less than 3.7ΔE units which is rated as a match in the oral
environment. [J Adv Prosthodont 2011;3:57-62]
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40. Group 1
Bar of 1,2 mm porcelain layered in one firing with
porcelain thickness of 0.8 mm
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Group 1II
Bar of 0,8 mm porcelain layered in five firings with porcelain
thickness of 1.2 mm
Effect of repeated firings on flexural strength of veneered zirconia.
Carabba M, Vichi A, Ferrari M
Submitted to Dental Materials
Group 1I
Bar of 0,8 mm porcelain layered in one firing with
porcelain thickness of 1.2 mm

41. Materials and Methods
ISO Standard 6872:2008 - Dentistry - Ceramic materials

42. F – (Fresati) Grounded
FR – (Fresati, rigenerati) Grounded and regenerated
LR – (Lucidati, rigenerati) Untouched and regenerated
L – (Lucidati) Untouched

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