A look at Mediterranean Europe with focii on Ancient Greece, the Roman Empire, the Byzantine Empire, and the Crusades. Most of this came from various history PP's of mine.

1. Europe: Mediterranean Europe

3. Greece: the basis of the West Some important places - Athens Sparta Corinth Thebes Olympia Troy Ephesus

4. The Greeks didn’t stay put in Greece or the Aegean, though. They colonized all over the Mediterranean

6. Athenian hoplite Spartan hoplite

8. The aspis was made out of wood (maybe bronze) and was concave in shape. It reached from shoulder to knee and was carried on the left arm. It usually had a decoration on it that identified the hoplite or city-state and which was also meant to intimidate their opponents.

10. An actual curiass from the 500’s BC

11. A modern recreation of a bell cuirass that follows the design of the actual one from the previous slide.

12. Bell cuirass illustrations.

14. Modern recreation of a muscle cuirass.

15. The purpose of the cuirass (obviously) was to protect the body from sword or spear strikes.

16. Actual Greek helmets (Corinthian style)

17. Modern recreations of helmets

23. The xiphos was only used if the spear was broken and lost. Here’s a modern recreation.

24. Fighting positions.

26. Here are a few illustrations of what the Greek battle by phalanx would have looked like.

28. Here are a few illustrations of Greek warfare from Greek vases.

31. The great acropolis is built up during the golden age Here’s what it looks like today.

32. What it would have looked like then.

34. Placement of stuff on the acropolis.

35. We could spend a semester talking about everything on the acropolis, but let’s focus in on its most famous structure, the Parthenon.

36. There’s also the Roman Empire

44. The centurion was in charge of the basic battle units. Because he was the mobile field commander, he had to be identifiable and so wore the transverse crest on his helmet (no, it wasn’t Mohawk or Mandinka style).

45. Actual Roman helmets

46. Top down view Back view

47. One more

58. So you put it together and…

67. What’s R. Lee Ermey doing there?

69. Starts off with the Eastern Empire and then by the end of his reign had conquered the orange parts.

75. Note the large medallions with Arabic writing.

82. “’ The bearer of this ticket will go to heaven if getting slaughtered on a Crusade!’ Awesome! I’m gonna be a knight!”

86. “’ The bearer of this ticket will go to heaven if getting slaughtered on a Crusade!’ Awesome! I’m gonna be a knight!”