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 Learning Analytics
- A New Discipline and Linked Data -
             http://


            Dragan Gašević
              @dgasevic
Today’s idea of “learning”
Topics to discuss

   Learning – today, tomorrow…
   Learning analytics – definition
   Learning analytics –
    approaches & challenges
    with bits of semantics
Part I
Learning Today, Tomorrow
Learning Paths




http://www.w3.org/2006/Talks/1023-sb-W3CTechSemWeb/DataServicesWebAppMetro2.jpg
Educational Ecosystems
                 Reusability
                 Adaptivity
                 Evolution
                 Collaboration with educators and students



Authoring


                       Packaging


Reusability




              Educators
Educational Ecosystems
               Feedback           Personalization
                                  Adaptivity
                                  Context-awareness
                                  Social interaction
                                  …

Authoring


                      Packaging     Learning and
                                    Collaborating
Reusability




              Educators                  Learners
Educational Ecosystems                              Administration




                                  Mobile
                                                                Community

Authoring


                      Packaging            Learning and
                                           Collaborating        Peer-Review

Reusability



                                                                 Presenting
              Educators                        Learners
Learning (Life) not in a box!




        A small part of a software engineer’s life
Learning ecosystem
                                                  …

…
                                               …
        …                       …
            A small part of a software engineer’s life
Three Generation of
  Distance Education Pedagogies




Anderson, T. & Dron, J. (2011) Three Generations of Distance Education Pedagogy, International
Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning 12(3), 80-97, http://goo.gl/j3mRF
Part II
Learning Analytics
Learning Analytics – What?


   Measurement, collection,
 analysis, and reporting of data
about learners and their contexts
Learning Analytics – Why?


  Understanding and optimising
 learning and the environments
    in which learning occurs
http://solaresearch.org/OpenLearningAnalytics.pdf
Evidence-based
         Education
As the integration of best research evidence with
 practitioner expertise and stakeholder values


            The goal made up based on
Part III
    Learning Analytics
Approaches and Challenges
    - with bits of semantics -
Learning Analytics



  What and how to collect?


Measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of data
         about learners and their contexts
Ubiquitous learning analytics

   Tool and format independent
     Aggregates and integrates
Semantic Web

   Ontologies: Interconnecting applications
       Shared domain conceptualizations
Linked Data




       http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/
Linked Data




       http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/
“A crazy problem requires
    a crazy solution!”
            (Griff Richards, 2005)
Learning Context Ontology:
          LOCO




Jovanovic, J., Knight, C., Gasevic, D., Richards, G., "Ontologies for Effective Use of Context in e-Learning Settings," Educational Technology &
Society, Vol. 10, No. 3, 2007, pp. 47-59
LOCO-Analyst


                  OAST and LOCO-Analyst




Ali, L., Hatala, M. Gašević, D., Jovanović, J., "A Qualitative Evaluation of Evolution of a Learning Analytics
Tool," Computers & Education, Vol. 58, No. 1, 2012, pp. 470-489, http://goo.gl/lCvMT
LOCO-Analyst


                  OAST and LOCO-Analyst




Ali, L., Hatala, M. Gašević, D., Jovanović, J., "A Qualitative Evaluation of Evolution of a Learning Analytics
Tool," Computers & Education, Vol. 58, No. 1, 2012, pp. 470-489, http://goo.gl/lCvMT
LOCO-Analyst
Formative Evaluation

                  Category                        Sub-category                   Q8

                                        Visualization/GUI                      77.8%

      Suggestions for improving         Annotations                            5.66%

                                        Other Features                         11.11%

                                        Data Visualization                         -

      No suggestions but liked          Interface Design                       5.56%

                                        Annotations                                -

Ali, L., Hatala, M. Gašević, D., Jovanović, J. (2012). A Qualitative Evaluation of Evolution of
a Learning Analytics Tool. Computers & Education, 58(1) 470-489, http://goo.gl/lCvMT
Learning Analytics



   What and how to report?


Measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of data
         about learners and their contexts
Visual learning analytics

Ubiquitous LA impossible w/o visual
       Information overload
LOCO-Analyst
LOCO-Analyst
LOCO-Analyst
LOCO-Analyst
Student comprehension
Student comprehension
Learning Analytics Acceptance Model




Inspired by Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D., 2003. User acceptance of
information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, (27:3), pp. 425-478.
Learning Analytics Acceptance Model




Ali, L., Asadi, M., Jovanović, J., Gašević, D., Hatala, M., “Factors influencing Perceived Utility and Adoption of
a Learning Analytics Tool: An Empirical Study,” Computers & Education (submitted)
Learning Analytics Acceptance Model
Learning Analytics Acceptance Model
Learning Analytics



         What to measure?


Measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of data
         about learners and their contexts
Learning Analytics for
Community of Inquiry



            Effects of
    instructional interventions

Example: Role playing (invited expert and moderation) with
          explicit instructions how to contribute
Social Network Analytics in
the Community of Inquiry



  Just information sharing
does not mean a central role
Social Network Analytics



Performance prediction based
 on joint course enrollment


Example: Degree, between centrality and closeness centrality
                   explain ~46% of GPA
http://learningworksforkids.com/EF/metacognition.html
Social Learning Analytics for
          Self-regulated Workplace Learning




Siadaty, M., Gašević, D., Jovanović, J., Milikić, N., Jeremić, N., Ali, L., Giljanović, A., Hatala, M., "Learn-B:
Social Analytics-enabled Tool for Self-regulated Workplace Learning," In Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge, 2012, http://goo.gl/Vm8tv
Social Learning Analytics for
          Self-regulated Workplace Learning




Siadaty, M., Gašević, D., Jovanović, J., Milikić, N., Jeremić, N., Ali, L., Giljanović, A., Hatala, M., "Learn-B:
Social Analytics-enabled Tool for Self-regulated Workplace Learning," In Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge, 2012, http://goo.gl/Vm8tv
Social Learning Analytics for
          Self-regulated Workplace Learning




Siadaty, M., Gašević, D., Jovanović, J., Milikić, N., Jeremić, N., Ali, L., Giljanović, A., Hatala, M., "Learn-B:
Social Analytics-enabled Tool for Self-regulated Workplace Learning," In Proceedings of the 2nd
International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge, 2012, http://goo.gl/Vm8tv
DEPTHS

   DEsign Patterns Teaching Help System
       Project-based learning
       Self-regulation and community of inquiry
   http://op4l.fon.bg.ac.rs/op4l_services
DEPTHS
LOD-based Personal Learning
               Environments: Principles
                          Integration of distributed and heterogeneous data sources, tools and services
Principle 1:
                          Quintessential for the realization of all other principles, and thus development of advanced PLEs, i.e., PLEs
Integration
                          offering context-aware and personalized learning, as well as ubiquitous data access
                          Open standards => application and device independence, long-term access to content and services,
                          interoperability
Principle 2: Openness
                          Open source software => cost-effective customizations to the users’ needs,
                          Open content => more diverse and constantly evolving and improving educational content
                          The users’ ability to:
Principle 3:              - seamlessly access different tools/services that are part of their PLEs;
Distributed Identity      - pull together their profile data from those tools/services;
Management
                          - regulate the use of their data within tools/services that from their PLEs.
                          Improved efficiency of user’s interactions with the environment through capturing and leveraging data about
Principle 4:              the user's learning context;
Context-awareness         Improvements: higher quality of search results, proactive recommendations, mediation of
                          communication/collaboration
                          The ability to seamlessly “configure” a PLE for any given purpose (i.e., learning goal), by adding new and/or
Principle 5: Modularity   replacing existing content, tools and/or services
                          Support for standardized and light-weight approaches for the development of dynamic (e-learning) mashups.
Principle 6: Ubiquitous   Seamless access to and integration of profile data, data about learning activities and learning resources
data access               Ability to access and use relevant resources regardless of the system/tool/service the user is currently using
                          The ‘user at the centre’ paradigm – student is responsible for managing his/her individual knowledge and
Principle 7:              competences
User Centricity           The learning system is the facilitator: it identifies the appropriate resources, adapts them to the user’s learning
                          context, and suggests the most appropriate learning strategies
  Jeremić, Z., Jovanović, J., Gašević, D., "Personal Learning Environments on the Social Semantic
  Web," Semantic Web Journal, 2012 (in press), http://goo.gl/yaqQN
Learning Analytics



           How to analyze?


Measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of data
         about learners and their contexts
Measuring Cognitive Presence



 Text mining and linked data


A very similar text-mining problem is spam classification.
Sure, sounds funny, but computing is a strange affair !
http://www.cs.waikato.ac.nz/ml/weka
Cognition and meta-cognition



Discovering learning processes
http://www.processmining.org
SNAPP




http://goo.gl/jtO3i
                      http://nodexl.codeplex.com/
http://linkededucation.org




Linked Learning 2012 @ WWW 2012
http://lile2012.linkededucation.org/
Learning analytics
        more
 meaningful & ubiquitous

with semantic technologies
Thank you!

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Learning Analytics - A New Discipline and Linked Data

  • 1. https://semtech.athabascau.ca Learning Analytics - A New Discipline and Linked Data - http:// Dragan Gašević @dgasevic
  • 2. Today’s idea of “learning”
  • 3. Topics to discuss  Learning – today, tomorrow…  Learning analytics – definition  Learning analytics – approaches & challenges with bits of semantics
  • 6. Educational Ecosystems Reusability Adaptivity Evolution Collaboration with educators and students Authoring Packaging Reusability Educators
  • 7. Educational Ecosystems Feedback Personalization Adaptivity Context-awareness Social interaction … Authoring Packaging Learning and Collaborating Reusability Educators Learners
  • 8. Educational Ecosystems Administration Mobile Community Authoring Packaging Learning and Collaborating Peer-Review Reusability Presenting Educators Learners
  • 9. Learning (Life) not in a box! A small part of a software engineer’s life
  • 10. Learning ecosystem … … … … … A small part of a software engineer’s life
  • 11. Three Generation of Distance Education Pedagogies Anderson, T. & Dron, J. (2011) Three Generations of Distance Education Pedagogy, International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning 12(3), 80-97, http://goo.gl/j3mRF
  • 13. Learning Analytics – What? Measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of data about learners and their contexts
  • 14. Learning Analytics – Why? Understanding and optimising learning and the environments in which learning occurs
  • 16. Evidence-based Education As the integration of best research evidence with practitioner expertise and stakeholder values The goal made up based on
  • 17. Part III Learning Analytics Approaches and Challenges - with bits of semantics -
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20. Learning Analytics What and how to collect? Measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of data about learners and their contexts
  • 21. Ubiquitous learning analytics Tool and format independent Aggregates and integrates
  • 22. Semantic Web  Ontologies: Interconnecting applications  Shared domain conceptualizations
  • 23. Linked Data http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/
  • 24. Linked Data http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/
  • 25. “A crazy problem requires a crazy solution!” (Griff Richards, 2005)
  • 26. Learning Context Ontology: LOCO Jovanovic, J., Knight, C., Gasevic, D., Richards, G., "Ontologies for Effective Use of Context in e-Learning Settings," Educational Technology & Society, Vol. 10, No. 3, 2007, pp. 47-59
  • 27. LOCO-Analyst  OAST and LOCO-Analyst Ali, L., Hatala, M. Gašević, D., Jovanović, J., "A Qualitative Evaluation of Evolution of a Learning Analytics Tool," Computers & Education, Vol. 58, No. 1, 2012, pp. 470-489, http://goo.gl/lCvMT
  • 28. LOCO-Analyst  OAST and LOCO-Analyst Ali, L., Hatala, M. Gašević, D., Jovanović, J., "A Qualitative Evaluation of Evolution of a Learning Analytics Tool," Computers & Education, Vol. 58, No. 1, 2012, pp. 470-489, http://goo.gl/lCvMT
  • 30. Formative Evaluation Category Sub-category Q8 Visualization/GUI 77.8% Suggestions for improving Annotations 5.66% Other Features 11.11% Data Visualization - No suggestions but liked Interface Design 5.56% Annotations - Ali, L., Hatala, M. Gašević, D., Jovanović, J. (2012). A Qualitative Evaluation of Evolution of a Learning Analytics Tool. Computers & Education, 58(1) 470-489, http://goo.gl/lCvMT
  • 31. Learning Analytics What and how to report? Measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of data about learners and their contexts
  • 32. Visual learning analytics Ubiquitous LA impossible w/o visual Information overload
  • 39. Learning Analytics Acceptance Model Inspired by Venkatesh, V., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., & Davis, F. D., 2003. User acceptance of information technology: Toward a unified view. MIS Quarterly, (27:3), pp. 425-478.
  • 40. Learning Analytics Acceptance Model Ali, L., Asadi, M., Jovanović, J., Gašević, D., Hatala, M., “Factors influencing Perceived Utility and Adoption of a Learning Analytics Tool: An Empirical Study,” Computers & Education (submitted)
  • 43. Learning Analytics What to measure? Measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of data about learners and their contexts
  • 44.
  • 45. Learning Analytics for Community of Inquiry Effects of instructional interventions Example: Role playing (invited expert and moderation) with explicit instructions how to contribute
  • 46. Social Network Analytics in the Community of Inquiry Just information sharing does not mean a central role
  • 47. Social Network Analytics Performance prediction based on joint course enrollment Example: Degree, between centrality and closeness centrality explain ~46% of GPA
  • 49. Social Learning Analytics for Self-regulated Workplace Learning Siadaty, M., Gašević, D., Jovanović, J., Milikić, N., Jeremić, N., Ali, L., Giljanović, A., Hatala, M., "Learn-B: Social Analytics-enabled Tool for Self-regulated Workplace Learning," In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge, 2012, http://goo.gl/Vm8tv
  • 50. Social Learning Analytics for Self-regulated Workplace Learning Siadaty, M., Gašević, D., Jovanović, J., Milikić, N., Jeremić, N., Ali, L., Giljanović, A., Hatala, M., "Learn-B: Social Analytics-enabled Tool for Self-regulated Workplace Learning," In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge, 2012, http://goo.gl/Vm8tv
  • 51. Social Learning Analytics for Self-regulated Workplace Learning Siadaty, M., Gašević, D., Jovanović, J., Milikić, N., Jeremić, N., Ali, L., Giljanović, A., Hatala, M., "Learn-B: Social Analytics-enabled Tool for Self-regulated Workplace Learning," In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge, 2012, http://goo.gl/Vm8tv
  • 52. DEPTHS  DEsign Patterns Teaching Help System  Project-based learning  Self-regulation and community of inquiry  http://op4l.fon.bg.ac.rs/op4l_services
  • 53.
  • 55. LOD-based Personal Learning Environments: Principles Integration of distributed and heterogeneous data sources, tools and services Principle 1: Quintessential for the realization of all other principles, and thus development of advanced PLEs, i.e., PLEs Integration offering context-aware and personalized learning, as well as ubiquitous data access Open standards => application and device independence, long-term access to content and services, interoperability Principle 2: Openness Open source software => cost-effective customizations to the users’ needs, Open content => more diverse and constantly evolving and improving educational content The users’ ability to: Principle 3: - seamlessly access different tools/services that are part of their PLEs; Distributed Identity - pull together their profile data from those tools/services; Management - regulate the use of their data within tools/services that from their PLEs. Improved efficiency of user’s interactions with the environment through capturing and leveraging data about Principle 4: the user's learning context; Context-awareness Improvements: higher quality of search results, proactive recommendations, mediation of communication/collaboration The ability to seamlessly “configure” a PLE for any given purpose (i.e., learning goal), by adding new and/or Principle 5: Modularity replacing existing content, tools and/or services Support for standardized and light-weight approaches for the development of dynamic (e-learning) mashups. Principle 6: Ubiquitous Seamless access to and integration of profile data, data about learning activities and learning resources data access Ability to access and use relevant resources regardless of the system/tool/service the user is currently using The ‘user at the centre’ paradigm – student is responsible for managing his/her individual knowledge and Principle 7: competences User Centricity The learning system is the facilitator: it identifies the appropriate resources, adapts them to the user’s learning context, and suggests the most appropriate learning strategies Jeremić, Z., Jovanović, J., Gašević, D., "Personal Learning Environments on the Social Semantic Web," Semantic Web Journal, 2012 (in press), http://goo.gl/yaqQN
  • 56. Learning Analytics How to analyze? Measurement, collection, analysis, and reporting of data about learners and their contexts
  • 57. Measuring Cognitive Presence Text mining and linked data A very similar text-mining problem is spam classification. Sure, sounds funny, but computing is a strange affair !
  • 61. SNAPP http://goo.gl/jtO3i http://nodexl.codeplex.com/
  • 62. http://linkededucation.org Linked Learning 2012 @ WWW 2012 http://lile2012.linkededucation.org/
  • 63. Learning analytics more meaningful & ubiquitous with semantic technologies