77. No children No swings barriers Rubberized matting “The swings are packed away at night because kids might climb the fence and use them unsupervised and hurt themselves.”
81. 0 Pedestrian Cyclists Motorcycles All -10 -14 -18 -20 -18 -22 -25 -26 -26 -30 London % RBKC -35 -35 -40 KHS -43 -44 -50 -60 -64 -70 Kensington High Street Casualty Review Drop in casualties from 1999 to 2004 Before: average annual rate between March 98 and February 2001 After: average annual rate between September 2003 and March 2005
82. INSTITUTION OF CIVIL ENGINEERS Dispelling myths and misunderstandings amongst highway engineers Stresses professional judgement over convention and simple application of guidance Reviews the realities of legal liability and corporate risk
178. How to live more sustainably? Aligning Personal and Professional Values Stephen Hill, C2O futureplanners Dare to be in – subordinate !
179. Shelley McNamara, Grafton ArchitectsWhat would be your dream commission? Something like Ilôt 13 in Geneva, which developed organically with a mixture of squatters, students, cooperatives and private sector housing, new and old. The way a project is commissioned determines the outcome. Design is only one component
180. Les Grottes “Unhealthy and unsuitable for the imperatives of modernity of a growing city”
181. “…doomed to integral destruction” 1977 Referendum halts city council plans…“the inhabitants having democratically invited themselves to the decision-makers table.”
182. “Instead of blocking inadequate projects, the inhabitants become genuine actors…” Europan 1991 Ilôt 13 Atelier 89
183. “More participative, and ecologicalapproaches…suppress the car parking…new housing… workspace… cultural centre” “…half the cost of classic retrofits.”
185. DIY Solar Panels… catalyst for the country "When we invested in a place… it becomes alive”
186. Scottish Government Official:“One of the main conditions for grant funding is that the activities of grant applicants should help meet Government policy objectives. I have put together the following list of Government policies and initiatives to which Community Self Build is relevant: Social inclusion…Community regeneration…Community responsibility… Increasing the confidence of individuals…Reducing unemployment… Vocational Qualifications…Improving employability…Increasing housing choice…Reducing homelessness…Tenure diversification…Affordable low cost housing…Helping people on low income…Environmentalsustainability… Equal opportunities…Technical innovation…Best practice in construction…Ability to attract ESF money… That’s probably more than any other grant programme I can think of.”
187. The Big Society “Too much has been imposed from above, when experience shows that success depends on communities themselves having the power and taking the responsibility. It’s no good officials in Whitehall or even the Town Hall telling people what is needed in their street.” BUT…it wasn’t him, it was… …. everyone has a stake based on equal rights and where they pay their dues by exercising responsibility in return, and where local communities shape their own futures.
188. Neighbourhood planning and Community Right to Build “I want to spark a… !!! A bottom up revolution …. from the top… with support from the highest levels of government…
189. Do something unprecedented… We are too used to accepting the boundaries we ourselves have created... Greatest task will be convincing people they exist at all… Change the culture… The Bill is not enough…
192. Design Paradox:Ye Olde Placemakynge and Spatial Plannyng… “The exceptional urban and environmental qualities we esteem in many of our older cities were achieved with a very modest input of resources, and by a careful and evolving response to the needs of their inhabitants.” Ralph Erskine, Architect
193. Design Conundrum:Do it like I say… “Specifying in a plan that development must be sustainable is no more useful as guidance to a developer than describing a piece of music as beautiful tells us anything about what it sounds like” Rob Cowan - The Dictionary of Urbanism
194. Design Solution:Do it likewe do… “We must learn to see that every problem that concerns us… always leads to the question of how we live” Wendell Berry "Solving for pattern – finding solutions that solve multiple problems”
195. “We haven’t done enough on thedesign… that’s a major area for improvement” (John Prescott) CONTROL ! Why are we so pre-occupied with“design”?
197. Poundbury DesignGuide Stretcher bond…not permitted Soldier arches…not allowed Shiplap boards...not permitted Parking of caravans, boats or trailers…not allowed There shall be noflat roofs Permission will not be given to demolish chimneys Windows with asymmetric subdivision…not permitted Bathroom windows should not be obscured or patterned glass Woven panels of wooden fencing…not allowed “Judicious mixing (of chimney pots) will give a feeling of the collective roofscapes having evolved” “Windows and doors shall be built entirely of timber”
205. Karlsruhe Nordstadt “Thank goodness, it’s not Vauban” Smiley West Local Authority arms length enabling company Recruit and support 10 ‘building groups’ Masterplan and design code Construction management 7.5 acre/3 hectare site 190 homes – 65+ dwellings/hectare
223. Resident controlled market housingThe Ralph Erskine Test of time, and skills and ideas we have lost The Hall and Hallgate, Blackheath 1957 The trouble with planners is… The Architect in Society, Keith Godwin
227. “My particular interest was the formation of the courtyard which I thought was a dead space. [It] is not a dead space. It is actually circulation” Eric Lyons “Resident-controlled management companies may sound dully utilitarian, but have been crucial to their success.”Tony Aldous, former resident and architectural writer
229. Community and PrivateSelf-build DETR Housing Design Award citation: “ a microcosm of what could be achieved on other sites all over the country by harnessing the imagination and skills of ordinary people.” “that indefinable quality which marks out the outstanding from the excellent The Diggers, Brighton 1998 Sussex Road, London N19 1999
230. Ashley Vale BfL Gold Award 2010 37 homes with affordable business space…started in 2002. Built on a former scaffold yard. Grew from local opposition to original redevelopment proposals Urban sites with “a rural feel” with a nature reserve. Site layout “creates pleasant, friendly public spaces” “Relatively high levels of parking are balanced by a home zone approach…to create attractive streets that feel safe for pedestrians.”
231. Old people look after themselves…HAPPIer andcheaper than the council Tenant Management Coop 355 Queensbridge Rd
240. “Weirdy…they are not normal.” Ward Councillor (from the Big Society Party) at Planning Committee Definitely not normal…
241. Threshold Centre, Dorset First HCA grant funded mixed tenure co-housing with Synergy Housing Shared facilities include: The stone farmhouse for visiting guests, and shared meals 1 acre community market garden Laundry Car pool Commitments for all residents: 4 hours per week of unpaid time to help look after the shared facilities, and do cooking 1 car and 1 pet per household Paying share of the running costs of shared facilities Before taking up residence, spending up to 4 nights here, for the new resident and community to get to know each other.
242. Joint VentureSelf DevelopmentHearthstone Co-housingN. Denver, Colorado33 leasehold houses and flats with a 4,800 sq. ft. common house on a 1.6 acre site. The community was the JV first phase of a ‘new urbanist’ redevelopment in the historic North Denver neighbourhood.
243. The model for Community Right to BuildCornwall CLT Programme 2007 17 villages – 120+ homes Definitely not normal… Unique partnerships… enabling district councils, their communities, Carnegie UK Trust, and an RSL Blisland CLT on Bodmin Moor
244. St. Minver CLT Average house price £650,000 Market value £350,000 Cost including land £120,000 12 houses 12 months On time – On budget Definitely not normal… A social movement ? Voluntary taxation? Or just compliance with policy for affordability ‘in perpetuity’ ?
245.
246. Spatial Planning & PlacemakingOutcomes Community membership and ownership All incomes and tenures Medium and high density Value for money Long term stewardship Life in the space between the buildings Social Capital for the care of the place and people Resident satisfaction and wellbeing Sustainable living and resilience through social organisation Material Considerations? Definitely not normal…
253. Weaknesses of top-down planning and placemaking Central housing targets are not spatial planning Planning as remote…control Unrealistic expectations of house builders as placeshapers ‘Too big, too dense and too near me…not for us or with us’
254. Dis-Respect and Dis-Empowerment Public sector views: “Over my dead body will we do another scheme… it brings out the worst aspects of human nature…total preoccupation with what they want!” “Self-build is just so small ... It’s not worth enough to spend time on it.” “What are the barriers to Self-build? Oh dear, probably …class, culture, access to land,…systems which disable and discourage self help?” Hill, Mason and Whittenham “The Future of Community Self-Build” JRF 2000
255. Entrenched self interests Private sector view: “Housebuilders say that self-build would be unfair competition. They need a certain volume of building and overhead to continue to offer good value and a cost effective product. But you don’t expect poor people to have to eat in restaurants, just because restaurateurs expect to earn a certain level of income, and have the ear of Government to protect their position”. [Senior Civil Servant interviewed for JRF Study 2000]
256. More efficient and fairer housing markets In countries with a significant self procured sector: Most accessible to middle income families Indirect but significant help to the less well off Housing cycles are less acute Polarisation by tenure is less marked Greater price competition with mass housing Lower prices generally Greater security from lower costs Greater ability to match outgoings to income “Self Provided Housing: the First World’s Hidden Arm” Duncan and Rowe, Uni of Brighton 1992
257. Micro-massive market share and growth potential Output in 1999 was 15000 homes, about 8% total production – has been higher Output sustained during recessions In 2007, nearly 20000 homes …20% total production? Access to land major growth constraint Single dwellings, and low density = no policy interest to government… till now Barlow, Jackson and Meikle “Homes to DIY for - The UK’s self build housing market in the 21st Century” JRF 2001
265. Completing the vision… Building centres and along connections Diversity of housing provider Early adopter movement patterns Interim Uses & Services Town utilities Backfill spaces in between Roles of new residents Spaces left over for possibilities Design Leadership doesn't equal control
266. Co-production… or making placeswithcommunities New (old) ideas: Culture, Skillsand Competence Control and Accountability Scale Mixed economy- Self-help - Social Enterprise- Commercial http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yjrIVjSK6oA
267. Professional Values: Everyday challenges and compromises “We promise as little as possible at planning and then sell the client’s land” “This is a ‘sustainable’ offer, and that is a ‘commercial’ offer” “It’s going to cost more, so we need proof that it’ll be worth more “We’ll build more sustainable homes, provided people are prepared to pay more”
268. The objective reality approach to design St. Andrew’s Hospital, Bow
272. The Self-Organisers…CLTS, Co-Housing, Coops, self-build, self-commissionedLessons from“Who should build our homes?” http://www.cabe.org.uk/ publications/who-should-build-our-homes
273. A welcome route out of market failure? “Self-build? Over my dead body” “They are completely pre-occupied with what they want!!!” A housing association CEO earning over £200k “I suppose you want free land” “Coops are always trouble…people argue all the time” “Too small to make an impact” “We don’t need any more competition…” “We don’t think this is a very good site for a community land trust…” “You’ll just increase the price of land”
274. Values into action “Planning is not a value free activity. Planners have to understand how their values affect the choices they make in both choosing how to look at an issue, and how to turn the results into reality” Prof. Bill Peterman Neighbourhood Planning and Community Based Development 2000
275. Value norms… “Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because and only when, they are created by everybody.” Jane Jacobs in ‘Life and Death of Great American Cities’
276. Fitting the place to the people “People learn from each other about their own creative powers”Jacobs: The Economy of Cities Ordinary people overcome everyday constraints on living, by:- adapting- improvising- transforming- trial and errorHamdi: The Placemakers Guide to building communities “There is a positive function of disorder in cities – energy andlack of control go hand in hand” Sennett on Jacobs
277. Planning as debate andco-production Loose fit masterplans and design codes Planning for Possibilities and Adaptivity Creative use of present and past planning techniques Culture change in planning…different tasks
278. Design Leadership? Formal process of “design” ends Design as “living”begins Scale and Identity Intimacy of place and people Loud and quiet architecture Unlocking creativity More than ticking the boxes…
279. Being a professional“It is no longer possible for us to masquerade as disinterested, or objective professionals, applying our techniques with equal ease to those clients we agree with, as well as to those we disagree with. We are, in effect, the client for all our projects, for it is our own society we are affecting through our actions.” (1972)
280. Citizen Professionals “By raising the possibilities of a humane way of producing places to live, by phasing out the elitist nature of environmental professionalism, we can move toward a time when we will no longer define ourselves by our profession, but by our freedom as people.” Robert Goodman “After the Planners” 1972
281. The magic of design…time to break free from the spell
282. Total Design Manifesto Put place first, not architecture Ask what will still be valuable in 30 years Understand what ‘co-production' means Make your own policy agenda Innovate in everything Big change means many small changes Recognise that designers are not enough
283. Site visitsbe back for working lunch at 12.30 sharp Design Skills Symposium 2011, Tollbooth, Stirling Red Group Blue Group Green Group Auditorium Bar Attic
284. Workshop12.30-16.00 [commence ‘Dragon’s Den’ Design Skills Symposium 2011, Tollbooth, Stirling Develop presentation: Focus on propositions 10 mins max Concept/Strategy: Key principles & initial thoughts on delivery Test brief Develop presentation: Focus on propositions 10 mins max Concept/Strategy: Key principles & initial thoughts on delivery Test brief
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286. Key themes Anticipation Initiation Design Implementation Stewardship …where do you need to work in the pipeline
287. Day 2 headlines Good design works Getting behind a pattern Re-thinking relationship with traffic New language for streets Change our approach to risk Don’t treat driver as a zombie Dare to be insubordinate, disreputable Managing our co-existence of shared space Translate values into action
288. Day 2 headlines (2) Create a river city on Forth New quarter for families, demographic range Where are my bits? (for investment) Effect on existing uses? People prioritised over cars Capitalise on Stirling views and identity Entry point that does justice to a ‘city’ Stirling is a very 3-dimensional place
289. Day 2 headlines (3) Community capacity and ownership Legible identity Gateways, arrival thresholds Generate positive footfall Authored book Shared focus – whole city centre management Time changes place Challenge of value and viability
290. My parting thoughts… Look behind current patterns Connect to the landform & water Understand public/private/social economy Intelligent procurement is pivotal Don’t give up – persuasive psychology The future depends on what you do today Gandhi
