Ejemplos de formulación y nomenclatura de alcoholes y ésteres

1. ALCOHOLES
R–O–H
ÉTERES
R – O – R´

2. R – CH2OH Primario
R – CHOH – R´ Secundario
R´
R – C – OH Terciario
R´´

3. CH3 – CH2OH Etanol
CH3 – CH2 – CH2OH 1-Propanol
CH3 – CHOH – CH3 2-Propanol
CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH2OH 1-Butanol
CH3 – CHOH – CH2 – CH3 2-Butanol
Metanol CH3OH
CH2OH – CH2 – CH2OH 1,3-Propanodiol
Etanodiol CH2OH – CH2OH

4. CH3 – CHOH – CH2OH 1,2-propanodiol
CH2 = CH – CH2OH 2-Propen-1-ol
CH3 – CH – CHOH – CH3 3-Metil-2-butanol
CH3
CH3 – CHOH – CH = CH – CH2OH 2-Penten-1,4-diol
CH3 – CH2 – CH – CH3
2-Metil-1-butanol
CH2OH
CH3 – CHOH – CH = CH – CH3 3-Penten-2-ol
CH3 – CH = C = CH – CH2OH 2,3-Pentadien-1-ol

5. CH3 – CH – CH – CH – CH2OH
CH2 CH3 CH3
CH3 2,3,4-Trimetil-1-hexanol
CH  C – CH2 – CH – CH2OH
2-Etil-4-pentin-1-ol
CH2 – CH3
Propanotriol o glicerina CH2OH – CHOH – CH2OH
CH3 CH3
CH3 – COH – COH – CH3 2,3-dimetil-2,3-butanodiol

6. Los éteres sencillos se pueden nombrar con el nombre de
los radicales unidos al oxígeno y con la terminación éter.
Ejemplos:
CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – O – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 Dipropiléter
CH3 – CH2 – O – CH3 Etilmetiléter
CH3 – CH2 – O – CH2 – CH3
DIETILÉTER
Este éter es el “éter” corriente.

7. CH3 – CH2 – O – CH = CH2 Etoxieteno
O – CH3
CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH3 2-Metoxibutano
Dimetiléter CH3 – O – CH3
CH3 – CH2 –– CH2 – O – CH = CH2 Propoxieteno
O – CH3
1-Metoxibutano
CH2 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3

8. CH2 = CH – CH – CH – O – CH2 – CH3
| |
CH3 CH2
|
CH3 1
3-Etoxi-4-metil-5-hexeno
CH3
CH3 – CH – CH2 – CH – CH2OH
CH3
2,4-dimetil-1-pentanol