4. Structure of lipoprotein
Lipoprotein consists of
a neutral lipid core surrounded
by a coat shell of
phospholipid , apoprotein
and cholestrol .
5. Classification of lipoprotein
1. CHYLOMICRONS
2. VLDL(VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN)
3. LDL(LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN)
4. HDL(HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN)
5. FREE FATTY ACIDS
6. Coronary arteries
The arteries supplying blood to heart are the most
commonly affected leading to myocardial infarction or
heart attacks.
The incidence of atherosclerosis and coronary
artery and risk for the coronary heart diseases are
higher in developed countries.
Folate and vitamins reduces
coronary arteries diseases.
7. ATHEROSCLEROSIS
It is a complex disease characterized
by the thickening or hardening of arteries
due to accumulation of lipids in arterial wall.
It is a progressive disorder that narrows and ultimately
blocks the arteries.
High blood cholesterol levels can
cause hardening of the arteries at a younger age.
It has an inflammatory component and there is positive
correlation between increased level of C-reactive protein.
The enzymes most commonly measured are-
1.CK-MB
2.TROPONIN T AND I
3. LIPOPROTEIN (Lp –a)
8. The most important function of LDL is
to transport cholesterol to extrahepatic
tissues . Deficiency or defect in LDL
receptors results in the elevation of
plasma LDL.This disorder associated
with high risk of ATHEROSCLEROSIS
9.
10. The increased level of plasma HDL are correlated with
low incidence of cardiovascular diseases.
WOMEN are less prone to heart disease as compared to
MEN.
LIPOPROTEIN a
Lp a contain apoprotein , apo a . Lp a inhibit fibrinolysis.
Lipoprotein a in plasma level >30 mg/dl increased risk
of CHD .LP a reduces breakdown of blood clot and
triggers of heart attack.
11. Estimation of apolipoprotein. Apo A -1 for HDL and apo-B
for LDL.They are better determinant of it.
Lipoprotein a LDL particle which linked with apoprotein a.
the presence of this lipoprotein positively correlated with
the heart disease
Decreased plasma level of HDL could increase LDL uptake
while increased HDL levels decrease cellular uptakeof LDL.
A ratio of LDL and HDL cholesterol is important.
HDL has scavenging action by reverse cholestrol transport
.it help in removing macrophages.
12. High blood cholesterol levels can cause hardening of the
arteries at a younger age.
For many people, high cholesterol levels are the result of
an unhealthy lifestyle -- most commonly, eating a diet
that is high in fat. Other risk factors are heavy alcohol
use, lack of exercise, and being overweight.
Other risk factors for hardening of the arteries are:
Diabetes
Family history of hardening of the arteries
High blood pressure
Smoking
13. ANTIOXIDANT decrease the oxidation of LDL. it reduces
he risk of atherosclerosis.
DISORDER THAT MAY CAUSE OF
ATHEROSCLEROSIS
*diabetes mellitus
*hyperlipoproteinemias
*nephrotic syndrome
*hypothyroidism
*hypertension
*smoking
*Hypercholestrolaemia
14. Treatment
Consumption of unsaturated fatty acid like
vegetable ,fruits ,fish oil etc.
Reduction of body weight
Medicines like anticoagulants, aspirin, beta blockers
etc.
Coronary angioplasty
