according to th esyllabi b.ed. 2012

1. Classification of
Audio-Visual Aids
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2. DEFENITIONS
 Audio-Visual Aids are those sensory objects
or images which initiate or stimulate and
reinforce learning. Burton
 Audio-Visual Aids are any device which can
be used to make the learning experience
more concrete, more realistic and more
dynamic.
Kinder s
James
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3.  Audio-Visual Aids are those devices by the use of
which communications of ideas between
persons and groups in various teaching and
training situations is helped.These are also
termed as multi sensory materials.
Edgar Dale
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4. Values of AV-Aids
 Best motivators
 Antidote to the disease of
verbal instruction
 Clear images
 Vicarious experiences
 Variety
 Freedom
 Opportunities to handle
and manipulate
 Retentivity
 Based on maximum of
teachers
 Helpful in attracting
attention
 Helpful in fixing up new
learning
 Saving of energy and time
 Realism
 Vividness
 Meeting individual
difference
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5. Values
 Encouragement to healthy class room
interaction
 Spread on education on a mass scale
 Promotion of scientific temper
 Development of higher faculties
 Reinforcement to learners
 Positive transfer of learning and training
 Positive environment for creative discipline
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6. Characteristics
 They should be meaningful and purposeful
 They should be accurate in every aspect
 They should be simple
 They should be cheap
 They should be up to date
 They should be easily portable
 They should be according to the mental level of students
 They should be motivate the learners
 They should be large enough to be properly seen by the
students for whom they are meant
 They should be improvised.
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7. Principles in the use of
teaching aids
 Principle of selection
 Principle of preparation
 Principle of physical control
 Principle of proper presentation
 Principle of response
 Principle of evaluation
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8. Advantages
1. The teachers are forced to meet the demands of a
changing civilization
2. New means and devices to increase the effectiveness
of teaching
3. Audio visual devices are instructional devices which
can be heard as well as seen.
4. to make teaching more concrete by employing suitable
audio-visual aids.
5. A-V aids do render exceptional, specific and
irreplaceable service to education
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9. 6. The mental reaction of the pupils to audio-visual
experience is both intellectual and emotional.
7. 86 % of our sense knowledge is attained through
seeing and hearing and hence is the use of audio-
visual aids
8. A-V Aids provide first hand experience to the
children and hence the learning becomes
interesting real and durable.
9. A-V Aids help the learner to grasp quickly and
retain the experience so received longer.
10. They make a lasting impression on the minds of
the learners.
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10. “one picture is worth a
thousand words”
 They make learning
 realistic,
 permanent,
 natural and
 easy.
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11. Functions of A-V aids
1. They supply a concrete basis for conceptual
thinking and hence, reduce meaningless word
response of students.
2. They have high degree of interest for students.
3. They make learning more permanent.
4. They offer a reality of experience which
stimulate self activity on the part of pupil. 5.
Develop continuity of thought; this is
especially true of motion pictures.
5. They provide experience not easily obtained
through other materials and contribute to the
efficiency, depth, and variety of learning.
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12. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
 Great educators
 Erasmus
 Against memorisation
 Johann Amos Comenius
 Illustrate text books
 Jean Jacques Rousseau
 Against verbalisation
 Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
 Sense perception
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13. Erasmus
66-1536
 Dutch humanist
 Children should learn
through pictures,
visuals etc.
 Against Memorization
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14. Johann Amos Comenius
 Ist Illustrate text books
for childhood
 “Orbis sensulium Pictus”
[ the world of sense
objects]
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15. Jean Jacques Rousseau
 Against verbalization
 Stressed the need of
pictures& other play
materials
 Directed to the
learner’s natural
curiosity.
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16. Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi
 Sense perception
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17. NEED AND IMPORTANCE
A. MOTIVATE STUDENTS MENTAL AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
B. SAVETIME
C. MAKE LEARNING EFFECTIVEAND DURABLE
D. FIRST HAND EXPERIENCE BY LOKING AT CONCRETETHINGS, LIVING
SPECIMEEN, HANDLING APPARATUSAND ACTUAL DEMONSTRATION ETC.
Pupils to have clear conception of ideas, information, facts
and principles.
E. Help to bring a change in the atmosphere of the class.
F. Provide a congenial atmosphere in the class.
G. Help to develop scientific attitude and get a training in
scientific method.
H. Large number of students can taught at a time.
I. Most convenient, easy and natural way of lg.
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18. CLASSIFICATION OF
AV AIDS
1. PROJECTED AIDS
2. NON-PROJECTED AIDS
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19. 1. PROJECTED AIDS
1. FILMS
2. FILMSTRIPS
3. SLIDES
4. OPAQUE PROJECTION
5. OVER HEAD PROJECTION
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20. FILMS
 PICTURE FRAMES ARE
ARRANGED IN A
SEQUENCE
 35MM, 70MM ETC.
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21. FILM STRIPS
 35 MMWIDE
 12TO 48 PICTURES
 DEVELOP ATHEME
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22. SLIDES
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23. SLIDE PROJECTOR
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24. OPAQUE PROJECTOR
 PAXISCOPE
 Project images or
printed matter or small
opaque objects on a
screen
 Works as epidiascope
and diascope
 Principle
 Horizontal straight
line projection
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25. OVER HEAD PROJECTOR
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26. NON-PROJECTED AIDS
I. GRAPHIC AIDS
1. PHOTOGRAPHS
2. POSTERS
3. CHARTS
4. DIAGRAMS
5. MAPS
6. CARTOONS
7. COMICS
8. FLASH CARDS
9. GRAPHS
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27. PHOTOGRAPH
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28. CHARTS
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29. CHARTS
 FLIP CHART
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30. DIAGRAMS
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31. OUT LINE
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32. ANALYTICAL DRAWINGS
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33. POSTERS
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34. CARTOONS
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35. FLASH CARDS
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36. GRAPHS
1. LINE GRAPH
2. BAR GRAPH
3. PIE GRAPHS
4. PICTORIAL GRAPHS
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37.  LINE GRAPH
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38. PIE GRAPH
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39. BAR GRAPH
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40. GRAPH TYPES
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41. NON-PROJECTED AIDS
DISPLAY BOARDS
 BLACK BOAERDS
 BULLETIN BOARDS
 FLANNEL BOARDS
 MAGNETIC BOARDS
 PEG BOARDS
 ROLL-UP BOARDS
 MARKER BOARD
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42. BLACK BOARD
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43. BLACK BOARD
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44. BULLETIN BOARD
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45. FLANNEL BOARD
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46. MAGNETIC BOARD
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47. PEG BOARD
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48. PEG BOARDS
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49. ROLL UP BOARDS
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50. NON-PROJECTED AIDS
3-DIMENSIONAL AIDS
 DIAGRAMS
 MODELS
 MOKE-UPS
 OBJECTS
 PUPPETS
 SPECIMENS
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51. DIAGRAMS
1. OUTLINE DRAWING
2. MASS DRAWIMG
3. ANALYTICAL
4. DRAWING
5. GENERALISED
6. DRAWING
7. GRAPHICAL DRAWING
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52. 3-DDIAGRAMS
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53. MODELS
1. SCALE
MODELS
2. SIMPLIFIED
MODELS
3. CROSS
SECTIONAL
4. WORKING
MODELS
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54. SCALE UP MODELS
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55. SIMPLIFIED MODELS
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56. CROSS SECTION
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57. MOKE UPS
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58. OBJECTS
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59. SPECIMENS
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60. PUPPETS
 FINGER PUPPETS
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61. PUPPETS
 HAND PUPPETS
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62. PUPPRTS
 STRING PUPPETS
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63. SHADOW PUPPETS
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64. PUPPETS
 MASKS
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65. NON-PROJECTED AIDS
III. AUDIO-AIDS
1. RADIO
2. TELEVISIONS
3. RECORDINGS
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66. RADIO
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67. RECORDINGS
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68. NON-PROJECTED AIDS
III. ACTIVITY AIDS
1. EXPERIMENTATION
2. FIELDTRIPS
3. DEMONSTRATIONS
4. DRAMATICS
5. PROGRAMMED
INSTRUCTION
6. TEACHING MECHINES
7. COMPUTERASSISTED
INSTRUCTIONS
8. FIELDTRIPS
9. EXHIBITIONS
10. DEMONSTRATIONS
11. DRAMATI-ZATIONS
12. SCIENCE KITS
13. NATURE CALENDER
14. COMPUTERCD’S
15. INTERACTIVECD ROMS
16. POWER PIONT-
PRESENTATION
17. MUSEUMS
18. PLANATORIUM
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69. LCD PROJECTOR
LCD PROJECTOR mgucte vaikom 69
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70. NON-PROJECTED AIDS
1. GRAPHIC AIDS
1. GRAPHS
 LINE GRAPH
 BAR GRAPH
 PIE GRAPHS
 PICTORIAL GRAPHS
2. DIAGRAMS
 OUTLINE DRAWING
 MASS DRAWIMG
 ANALYTICAL
 DRAWING
 GENERALISED
 DRAWING
 GRAPHICAL DRAWING
 3. CHARTS
 OUT LINE & TABULAR
 FLOW, ORGANISATION OR PROCESS
CHARTS
 TREE CHARTS
 TIMELINE CHARTS
2. DISPLAY BOARDS
1. BLACK BOARD
2. ROLL-UP BOARDS
3. BULLETIN BOARDS
4. PEG BOARDS
5. HOOK&LOOP
6. FLANNEL BOARDS
7. MAGNETIC
8. PLASTIGRAPH
9. MARKER BOARDS
1. THREE DIMENSIONAL MODELS
1. MODELS
1. SCALE MODELS
2. SIMPLIFIED MODELS
3. CROSS SECTIONAL
4. WORKING
2. OBJECTS
3. SPECIMENS
4. MOKE-UPS
5. DIORAMA
6. PUPPETS
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71. 3. THREE DIMENSIONAL
AIDS
1. MODELS
1. SCALE MODELS
2. SIMPLIFIED MODELS
3. CROSS SECTIONAL
4. WORKING
2. OBJECTS
3. SPECIMENS
4. MOKE-UPS
5. DIORAMA
6. PUPPETS
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72. DIAGRAMS
OUTLINE DRAWING
MASS DRAWIMG
ANALYTICAL DRAWING
GENERALISED DRAWING
GRAPHICAL DRAWING
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73. OUTLINE DRAWING
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74. MASS DRAWIMG
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75. ANALYTICAL DRAWING
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76. GRAPHICAL DRAWING
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77. C. Activity Aids
A. COMPUTER
ASSISTED
INSTRUCTION
B. FIELDTRIPS
C. EXCURSION
D. EXHIBITIONS
E. DEMONSTR-ATIONS
F. DRAMATIZATIONS
G. LIVE CORNER
H. SCIENCE KITS
I. NATURE
CALENDER
J. COMPUTER CD’S
K. INTERACTIVE
L. CD ROMS
M.POWER PIONT-
PRESENTATION
N. MUSEUMS
O. PLANATORIUM
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78. COMPUTER ASSISTED
INSTRUCTION
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79. FIELD TRIP
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80. EXCURSION
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81. DEMONSTRATION
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82. DRAMATISATION
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83. EXPERIMENTATION
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84. PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION
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85. TEACHING MACHINES
 PRESSEY’S
MACHINES
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86. TEACHING MACHINES
 AUDIOVISUAL
MACHINES
 Educational television
combined with
teaching programme
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87. LIVE CORNERS
 ACQUARIUM
 TERRARIUM
 VIVARIUM
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88. AQUARIUM
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89. TERRARIUM
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90. VIVARIUM
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91. PLANATORIUM
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92. SCIENCE KITS
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93. NATURE CALENDER
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94. INTERACTIVE CD-ROMS
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95. COMPUTER CD’S
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96. INTERACTIVR CD ROMS
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97. mgucte vaikom 97
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