CCS would like to encourage your attendance for the 2012 Latino Mental Behavioral Health Conference: Changing the Paradigm from Stigma to Wellness on Friday, October 19th at the Chicago School of Professional Psychology. Come listen to Psychiatrist Dr. Daniel Martinez discuss the neuroanatomical basis of brain disorders, focusing on the biopsychosocial medical model, areas of the brain affecting emotions and psychiatric disorders with a clear medical basis.

1. The Neuroanatomical Basis of
Brain Disorders
By
Daniel Martinez M.D
Zaid Syed MS4

2. Medical Model
• George L. Engel
– 1977
• Biological, psychological, social, spiritual,
cultural factors affect disease and overall
wellbeing
• How the cause of the illness stems from
functioning of the individuals body

3. Eitheory.com

4. Biology
• Very important to stress medical follow up for
each patient
– Once a year
• Strong connection between body and mind

5. Biology
• Obtain medical records
• Physical Exam
– Screening blood test
• CBC
– Hematocrit
– Hemoglobin
» Rule out anemia
• CMP
– Electrolytes
– Glucose
– Cr/BUN

6. Biology
• Screening Blood Test (cont)
– Liver Function test
– Thyroid Function Test
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypothyroidism
– Lipid panel
– Drug screen
– Pregnancy
– Vitamin B12
– Folic Acid
– Thiamine

7. Neuron in Action
http://blog.lib.umn.edu

8. Synthesis and Release of Dopamine

9. SPECT Scan
Neuroimaging in Psychiatry
Neuroimaging in psychiatry By Tripura Medical College , Slide 23
http://www.slideshare.net/shaan_47/neuroimaging-in-psychiatry
http://www.slideshare.net/shaan_47/neuroimaging-in-psychiatry

10. Images (c) Dr. Amen

11. Images (c) Dr. Amen Images (c) Dr. Amen

12. Images (c) Dr. Amen

13. http://www.brain-spect.com/SPECTscans/jpg/alz.JPG

14. OCD

15. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Epidemiology
– Occurs in 2-3% of US population.
– Bimodal distribution – 10 y/o and 21 y/o
• Signs and Symptoms
– Obsession - Persistent thoughts, ideas and images
that intrude into conscious awareness.
– Compulsion – urges or impulses for repetitive
intentional behavior performed in a stereotyped
manner in an attempt to alleviate the anxiety
caused by the obsessions.

16. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
• Pathogenesis
– Orbitofrontal dysfunction and frontal/parietal
white matter changes.
– Prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus and basal
ganglia dysfunction are implicated.
– By using PET scan, patient after treatment had a
reduction in cerebral metabolism in these areas.
– Serotonin is also believed to play an integral role.

17. active front-on view
Heavy increased cingulate activity and right and left anterior lateral prefrontal
cortex activity (together termed hyperfrontality).

18. http://www.londonneurofeedback.com/uploads/2/2/9/8/2298352/8876880.jpg

19. Autism

20. Autism
• Epidemiology
• 3 – 2- 1- 1
– Before the age of 3
– Two social problems (PRNS)
– One communication problem (LISP)
– One inflexible behavior problem (PIMP)

21. Autism
• Etiologys
– Dr Andrew Wakefield
• measles vaccineintestinal inflammation “leaky gut
syndrome”harmful proteins can affect brain
Autism
– In 1998, Wakefield & a group of colleagues
published a research study in the British medical
journal, The Lancet, which linked inflammatory
bowel symptoms in 12 autistic children to the
Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine

22. Autism
• More than 20 peer-reviewed epidemiologic
studies have shown no link between MMR &
autism.
• Functional brain-imaging studies show under
activation in areas associated with planning &
control of complex actions, & in areas linked
with processing socioemotional information.

23. Autistic patient
Normal
http://www.brain-spect.com/SPECTscans/jpg/normsag.jpg

24. Schizophrenia

25. Schizophrenia
• Pathogenesis
– Overall unknown, however many associations are
known.
– Genetical component: observed concordance rate is
about 40-50% in monozygotic twins, and 5-10% in
dizygotic twins.
– Environmental components
• Obstetrical complications
• Infections
• Inflamation
• Cannibus use

26. http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/szb/13/1/images/szb_13_1_115_fig11a.jpg

27. Depression

28. Depression
• Epidemiology
– 17% of the US population
• 10-14% of medical inpatients1
– linked to social conditions
• Rule out hypothyroidism
• Association with Parkinson disease and
dementia
1. Katon, W. Epidemiology of Depression in Primary Care. General
Hospital Psychiatry 1992. July 14(4). 237-247

29. Depression
• Pathogenesis-
– Deficiency in excitatory neurotransmitters
– Neurotransmitter –
• Serotonin

30. http://img.webmd.com/dtmcms/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/health_tools/depression_overview_slideshow/mayo_c7_pet_depression.jpg

31. ADHD

32. Attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder
• Pathogenesis
– Genetic Factor
• Concordance as high as 92% in monozygotic twins and 33%
in dizygotic twins.

33. Psychostimulant needed.

35. http://www.adhd.org.nz/petscan.jpg

36. Bipolar Disorder

37. Bipolar disorder
• Episodic mood shifts of mania, major
depression, hypomania & mixed states
• Pathophysiology
– Altered circadian rhythmicity

38. http://www.brain-spect.com/SPECTscans/jpg/alz.JPG

39. Thank You!!

45. Thank you
again!