Hybrid Cars , Autonomous Cars and future trends and Technologies

1. Hybrid Cars, Autonomous Cars and There
Future Marketing
Name :
SYED KEYAN ALI TAHIR (124)
USMAN BIN SAAD (118)
SHAHID IQBAL (160)
M.RAMZAN (074)
SUBMITTED TO:
Owais Bin Asif

2. What is hybrid car?
 Hybrid car are becoming more popular and common.
 Hybrid car is one which uses 2 or more engines.
 The electric power engine works at lower speed and gasoline engine
at higher speed
 Hybrid engine automatically off while car is stopped and restart
while you accelerate

3. History of hybrid cars
 In 1901 ferdinand porche developed the lohner porche mixte
hybrid, the first gasoline hybrid motor in the world

4. Advantages of hybrid cars:-
1.Enviormental friendly:-most of time it runs on electric
engine which is good for environment.
2.Financial benefit:-when it moves on electric it saves
fuel which means saves money.
3.Less dependence of fossil fuel:-it requires less fuel to
run which means less dependence of fossil fuel

5. 4.Regenerating brakes:-in hybrid cars while you apply
brakes automatically it gives power to your batteries.
5.High resale value:-now a days due to high fuel prices
there is higher demand of hybrid cars in market.
6.Light weight body:-they are made of light material which
means less energy required to run.

6. Disadvantage of hybrid cars:-
1.Higher maintenance costs:-in dual engine difficult to maintain and difficult to
find fault so mechanics takes higher prices.
2.Presence of high voltage batteries:-in case if serious accident these batteries
are very dangerous, if they burst it cause serious problems
3.Poorer handling:-a lighter electric engine and pack of heavy batteries take
extra space in car which cause poor handling.
4.Can be expensive:-the prices of hybrid cars are much more than normal
gasoline cars.

7. Top recommended hybrids
2015:-
1.Ford c max hybrid
2.Toyota prius c
3.Ford fusion
4.Honda accord hybrid
5.Toyota high lander hybrid
6.Lexus RX 450h
7.BMW I8 hybrid
8.Lexus GS 450 H
9.Porsche panamera E

8. Driverless car (Future Car)
 It is a vehicle that can drive itself from one point to
another without assistance from a driver; in other words,
with an autopilot system

9. How will the car detect the traffic
lights ?
 A sensor “actinometer “ is used to detect the
intensity of radiation
 Light of different colors will radiate different -2-
intensity of radiation
 Which will be detected by the sensor
 If the detected intensity is of red colour or yellow
colour then controller will send a command to stop
the vehicle .
 The command will be followed by robot(to convert
the computer command into mechanical input)

10. Technologies making a system fully
autonomous
 Anti-lock brakes(ABS)
 Electronic stability control
(ESC)
 Cruise control
 Lane Departure Warning
System
 Self Parking
 Automated Guided Vehicle
Systems

11. Anti-lock brakes System (ABS)
 An ABS generally offers improved vehicle control and
decreases stopping distances on dry and slippery surfaces
for many drivers.

12. Parts of (ABS)
 Speed sensors
 Valves
 Pump
 Controller

13. Automatic Braking
 Senses an imminent
distance with another
vehicle or a velocity
related danger.
 Responds by either
precharging the brakes or
by applying the brakes to
slow the vehicle without
any driver input.
 Detects by radar, video,
infrared, ultrasonic, GPS
sensors.
 Introduced by Toyota.

14. Electronic Stability Control (ESC)
 A computerized technology
improves vehicle's stability
by detecting and
minimizing skids.
 Automatically applies the
brakes.
 Helps to minimize a loss of
control.
 ESC compares the driver's
intended direction to the
vehicle's actual direction

15. Components
 Wheel-speed sensors
 Steering-angle sensors
 Rotational-speed sensor

16. Electronic Stability Control

17. Cruise control
 Cruise control keeps the car at a constant speed by taking
over the throttle of the car
 It also maintain a set distance between it and the car in
front of it

18. Autonomous Cruise Control
 Uses either a radar setup
allowing the vehicle to slow
when approaching another
vehicle and accelerate again
to the preset speed when
traffic allows

19. Automotive Night Vision
 increases a vehicle driver's perception and seeing distance in
darkness or poor weather beyond the reach of the vehicle's
headlights.

20. Cars currently using A.N.V.
Active systems use an infrared light source
 2002-2007 Lexus LX 470
 2009 Lexus LS
 2006 Mercedes CL-class
 2009 Mercedes E-class
 2005 Mercedes S-class
 2009 Mercedes S-class
 2008 Toyota Crown Hybrid
 2002 Toyota Land cruiser Cignus

21. Lane Departure Warning System
 A mechanism designed to
warn a driver when the
vehicle begins to move out
of its lane
 Designed to minimize
accidents by addressing the
main causes of collisions:
driving error, distraction
and drowsiness.

22. Adaptive Highbeam
 Automatically and
continuously adapts the
headlamp range to the
distance of vehicles ahead
or which are oncoming.
 New generation Mercedes-
Benz e-class in spring 2009.

23. Contd…
 The range of the beam can
vary between 65 and 300
meters, depending on
traffic conditions.
 2011 Audi A8
 2010 E-Class
 2010 S-Class

24. Self-parking Cars
 System uses sensors all around the car to guide it into a
parallel parking space
 Lexus LS 460 L with Advance Parking Guidance System
 The driver has to find a parking space,
 Position the car next to it, and use the in-cabin navigation
screen to tell the car where it should go.
 The parking space needs to be 6 feet (1.8 meters) longer than
the car

26. Backup Camera & Parking Sensors
 Special type of video camera attached to the rear of a
vehicle to aid in backing up.
 Parking sensors are proximity detectors which can alert
the driver to unseen obstacles during parking.

27. Control of vehicle
 As automotive technology matures, more and more functions
of the underlying engine, gearbox etc. are no longer directly
controlled by the driver by mechanical means.
 It is controlled via a computer, which receives instructions
from the driver as inputs and delivers the desired effect by
means of electronic throttle control.
 Therefore, the technology for a computer to control all
aspects of a vehicle is well understood.

29. Automated Guided Vehicle Systems
 Uses FROG (Free
Ranging On
Grid) technology
 FROG vehicles
are equipped with
a computer that
contains a map of
the area

30. Advantages
 Managing traffic flow to increase road capacity.
 Relieving vehicle occupants from driving allowing them to
concentrate on other tasks or to rest during their journeys.
 To avoid accidents .
 Increasing roadway capacity by reducing the distances
between cars.
 The current location of vehicle can be determine using
global positioning system (G.P.S) .

31. Disadvantages
 If the vehicle is using internet which is have less security then
From the hackers point of view in some cases the vehicle can
be switched off on the road(in rare cases)
 Hackers can change the rout which is plotted in the system(in
rare cases)
 In case of failure of main sensor and backup sensors the
vehicle can create a chance of accident