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Startup Metrics for Pirates
@DaveMcClure
500 Startups
http://500.co
http://500hats.com
http://slideshare.net/dmc500hats
AARRR!
Dave McClure

Founding Partner & Troublemaker, 500 Startups
00’s & 10’s:
• VC: Founders Fund, Facebook fbFund, 500 Startups
• Angel: Mashery, Mint.com, SlideShare, Twilio
• Marketing: PayPal, Simply Hired, Mint.com, O’Reilly
80’s & 90’s:
• Entrepreneur: Aslan Computing (acq’d by Servinet/Panurgy)
• Developer: Windows / SQL DB consultant (Intel, MSFT)
• Engineer: Johns Hopkins‘88, BS Eng / Applied Math
• What is 500?
– $250M under management
– 120+ people / 30+ investing partners / 20 Countries
– 3000+ Founders / 250+ Mentors
• 1500+ Portfolio Co’s / 50+ Countries
– Credit Karma (~$3.5B)
– GrabTaxi ($1B+)
– Twilio ($1B+)
– Wildfire (acq GOOG, $350M)
– MakerBot (acq SSYS, $400M)
– Viki (acq Rakuten, $200M)
– Simple (acq BBVA, $117M)
– Ipsy
– Udemy
– Intercom
– The RealReal
– BarkBox
– Tradesy
– TalkDesk
500 Startups

Global Seed Fund & Startup Accelerator
[ This Talk ]
Topics
• Basic Concepts of “Startup Metrics 4 Pirates”
• 3 Steps to AARRR: Product, Market, Revenue
• Constructing MVP: Just ONE Feature?
• Design (UX) & Distribution (MKTG)
• Winning = Users, Revenue, Profit?
Lean Startup:

Simpler, Faster, Cheaper, Smarter
1. Startup Costs = Lower.
2. # Users, Bandwidth = More.
3. Transaction $$$ = Better.
Building Product => Cheaper, Faster, Better
Getting Customers => Easier, More Measurable
Iterative Product & Marketing Decisions based on Measured User Behavior
Changes in Tech Startups
• LESS Capital required to build product, get to market
– Dramatically reduced $$$ on servers, software, bandwidth
– Crowdfunding, KickStarter, Angel List, Funders Club, etc
– Cheap access to online platforms for 100M+ consumers, smallbiz, etc
• MORE Customers via ONLINE platforms (100M+ users)
– Search (Google, Baidu)
– Social (Facebook, Twitter, SnapChat, LinkedIn, TenCent)
– Mobile (Apple, Android, Xiaomei)
– ECom (Amazon, Alibaba, eBay/PayPal)
– Media (YouTube, Pinterest, Instagram, SnapChat)
– Comm (Email, IM/Chat, Voice, SMS, etc)
• LOTS of little bets: Accelerators, Angels, Angel List, Small Exits
– Y Combinator, TechStars, 500 Startups
– Funding + Co-working + Mentoring -> Design, Data, Distribution
– “Fast, Cheap Fail”, network effects, quantitative + iterative investments
DO Marketing! 

(It’s Not Evil)
• Marketing is Both Qualitative + Quantitative
• Qualitative: Create Emotion, Drive Action
• Quantitative: Measure Results of Action
• Design (UX) & Distribution (MKTG) Matter
• Volume (#), Cost ($), Conversion (%)
[Startup Metrics 4 Pirates]
Just Gimme the GOOD Metrics.
Users, Pages, Clicks, Emails, $$$...?
Q: Which of these is best? How do you know?
• 1,000,000 one-time, unregistered unique visitors
• 500,000 visitors who view 2+ pages / stay 10+ sec
• 200,000 visitors who clicked on a link or button
• 20,000 registered users w/ email address
• 2,000 passionate fans who refer 5+ users / mo.
• 1,000 monthly subscribers @ $5/mo
the
good
stuff.
Lean Startup -> Startup Metrics
• Talk to Customers; Discover Problems
• Progress ≠ Features (Less = More)
• Fast, Frequent Iteration (+ Feedback Loop)
• Focus on Product/Market Fit
• Measure Conversion (compare 2+ alternatives)
• Track Metrics that are Simple & Actionable
Discover Customers

(Steve Blank, SteveBlank.com)
LEARN BUILD
MEASURE
IDEAS
CODE
DATA
Iterate.

(Eric Ries, TheLeanStartup.com)
AARRR!: Startup Metrics Model
Website.com
Revenue $$$
Biz DevAds, Lead Gen,
Subscriptions,
ECommerce
ACQUISITION
SEO
SEM
Apps &
Widgets
Affiliates
Email
PR Biz Dev
Campaigns,
Contests
Direct, Tel,
TV
Social
Networks
Blogs
Domains
Retention
Emails & Alerts
System Events &
Time-based
Features
Blogs, RSS,
News Feeds
Startup Metrics for Pirates
• Acquisition: users come to site from various channels
• Activation: users enjoy 1st visit: "happy” experience
• Retention: users come back, visit site multiple times
• Referral: users like product enough to refer others
• Revenue: users conduct some monetization behavior
AARRR!
(note: If you’re in a hurry, Google
“Startup Metrics” & watch 5m video)
One Step at a Time.
1. Make a Good Product: Activation & Retention
2. Market the Product: Acquisition & Referral
3. Make Money: Revenue & Profitability
Startup Challenges
Startups have problems in 3 key areas:
• Management: Set Priorities, Define Key Metrics
• Product: Build “Right” Features. Measure, Iterate.
• Marketing: Distribution, Distribution, Distribution.
(Search, Social, Mobile)
[ Constructing MVP ]
Role: Founder / CEO
Q: Which Customers? Problems? Metrics?
A: Focus on Critical Few Actionable Metrics
(if you don’t use the metric to make a decision, it’s not actionable)
• Hypothesize Customer Lifecycle
• Target ~3-5 Conversion Events
• Test, Measure, Iterate to Improve
Optimize 4 Happiness 

(both User + Business)
• Define States of User + Business Value
• Prioritize (Estimate) Relative Value of Each State
• Move Users: Lower Value -> Higher Value
• Optimize for User Happiness + Business $$$
• Achieve High Cust Value + Low ACQ$ @ Scale
What is Minimum Viable Product ?
MVP = F(Customer, Problem, Time or $$$)
• Focus on CUSTOMER
– Qualitative Discovery, Quantitative Validation
• Get to know habits, problems, desires (FUN MATTERS)
– what causes pain? what causes pleasure?
• Ship the simplest, fastest solution that solves the problem;
better or cheaper or faster than the available competition.
• Define 1-5 TESTABLE Conversion Metrics of Value
– Attention/Usage (session time, clicks)
– Customer Profle Data (email, connect, profile)
- Revenue (direct or indirect)
- Retention (visits over time, cohort behavior)
- Referral (users evangelize to other users)
Example Conversion Metrics

(note: *not* actuals… your mileage may vary)
Stage Conversion Status Conv.
%
Est. Value
(*not* cost)
Acquisition Visitors -> Site/Widget/Landing Page
(2+ pages, 10+ sec, 1+ clicks = don’t abandon)
60% $.05
Activation “Happy” 1st Visit; Usage/Signup
(clicks/time/pages, email/profile reg, feature usage)
15% $.25
Retention Users Come Back; Multiple Visits
(1-3x visits/mo; email/feed open rate / CTR)
5% $1
Referral Users Refer Others
(cust sat >=8; viral K factor > 1; )
1% $5
Revenue Users Pay / Generate $$$
(first txn, break-even, target profitability)
2% $50
[ Getting 2 PMF ]
Role: Product / Eng / Design
Q: What Features to Build? Why? When are you “Done”?
A: Easy-to-Find, Fun/Useful, Unique Features that
Increase Conversion (stop iterating when increase decelerates)
• Wireframes = Conversion Steps
• Measure, A/B Test, Iterate FAST (daily/weekly)
• Optimize for Conversion Improvement
– 80% on existing feature optimization
– 20% on new feature development
What is Product/Market Fit ?
PMF = F(Customer, Solution, Alternatives*)
• Product / Market Fit occurs when:
– Customers like your stuff better than other options
– Not static, Not optimal – just Local Max F(customers, solution, time)
– make sure you’re moving in optimal direction 2 local max
• Q: what competitive solutions are available?
– … that your customers know about?
– how are you diff/same?
– in ways that people care about? (will pay for)
[ Testing 4 AUX ]
Discover Meaning

Why Should Users CARE About Your Product?
Kathy Sierra:
“Creating
Passionate
Users”
Discover Meaning

Keywords, Images, Call-to-Action
Top 10 - 100 words
• Your Brand / Products
• Customer Needs / Benefits
• Competitor’s Brand / Products
• Semantic Equivalents
• Misspellings
Relevant images
• People
• Products
• Problems
• Solutions
Call-to-Action
• Words
• Images
• Context
• Button/Link
• Emotion
Result
• Positive?
• Negative?
• Neutral (= Death)
• A/B test & Iterate
How To Tell if Design/UX is Good?
AUX = F(Customer, Design/UX, Metrics)
• If Users Use Your Product Then It’s GOOD.
– Define Metrics, Measurability for Design / UX
– Focus on Psychology of User
– Relative to Competitive Alternatives (that your customers know about)
– Keep Testing 4 Awesomeness
• RAMP Mktg & $$$ AFTER it’s clear your MVP is:
– Functional = useful for >1 customers
– Awesome (enough, see above)
– Differentiated = better than other stuff availabile
[ Metrics 4 ACQ ]
Role: Marketing / Sales
Q: What channels? Which users? Why?
A: High Volume (#), Low Cost ($), High Conv (%)
• Design & Test Multiple Marketing Channels + Campaigns
• Seek out channels with positive unit economics, scalability
• Select & Focus on Best-Performing Channels & Themes
• Optimize for conversion to target CTAs, not just site/landing page
• Match/Drive channel cost to/below revenue potential
• Low-Hanging Fruit:
– Blogs
– SEO/SEM
– Landing Pages
– Automated Emails
Distribution Platforms
Customer Reach: 100M-1B+
• Search: Google, Baidu
• Social: Facebook, SnapChat, Twitter, LinkedIn, TenCent/QQ/WeChat
• Mobile: Apple (iOS), Android, Xiaomei
• Media: Video (YouTube, FB), Photos (Instagram, Pinterest), Blogs
• Comm: SMS, IM (WeChat, WhatsApp, FB), Skype, Phone/Voice, etc
MAARRRketing Plan
Marketing Plan = Target Customer Acquisition Channels
• 3 Important Factors = Volume (#), Cost ($), Conversion (%)
• Measure conversion to target customer actions
• Test audience segments, campaign themes, Call-To-Action (CTAs)
[Gradually] Match Channel Costs => Revenue Potential
• Increase Vol. & Conversion, Decrease Cost, Optimize for Revenue Potential
• Avg Txn Value (ATV), Ann Rev Per User (ARPU), Cust Lifetime Value (CLV)
• Design channels that (eventually) cost <20-50% of target ATV, ARPU, CLV
Consider Costs, Scarce Resource Tradeoffs
• Actual $ expenses
• Marketing time & resources
• Product/Engineering time & resources
• Cashflow timing of expense vs. revenue, profit
ACQ = F(Customer, Campaign, Vol, Cost, Conv)
[ What is WINNING? ]
Choose #WINNING Metrics
WIN = F(Customer, Usage, Dist, Revenue)
• after MVP functional use, several options:
– better Usage – Activation & Retention (AUX)
– more Users -- Distribution / Acquisition
– more Money --- Monetization
– more Profit — Margin
• understand ACQ$ vs REV$, optimize 4 short-term
– higher volume usually a priority
– costs may change as volume increases
Startup 2.0: 

“Lean Investor” Model
Method: Invest in startups using incremental
investment, iterative development. Start with
lots of small experiments, filter out failure, and
expand investment upon success.
• Incubator: $0-100K (“Product Viability”)
• Seed: $100K-$2M (“Expand Distribution”)
• Venture: $1M-$10M (“Maximize Revenue”)
Investment #1: Incubate

(“Product”)
• Structure
– 1-3 founders
– $0-$100K investment
– Incubator environment: multiple peers, mentors/advisors
• Build Functional Prototype / “Minimum Viable Product” (MVP):
– Concept->Alpha, ~3-6 months
– Develop Minimal Critical Feature Set => Get to “It Works”
– Instrument Basic Dashboard, Conversion Metrics
– Test Cust. Adoption (10-1000 users) / Cust. Satisfaction (Scale: 1-10)
• Demonstrate Concept, Reduce Product Risk, Test Functional Use
• Develop Metrics & Filter for Follow-on Investment
Investment #2: Seed

(“Market”)• Structure
– 2-5 person team
– $100K-$2M investment
– Syndicate of Angel Investors / Small VC Funds
• Improve Product, Expand Market, Test Revenue:
– Alpha->Beta, ~6-12 months
– Customer Sat ≥ 6 => Get to “Doesn’t Suck”
– Setup A/B Testing Framework, Optimize Conversion
– Test Marketing Campaigns, Cust Acqstn Channels
• Prove Solution/Benefit, Assess Market Size
• Test Channel Cost, Revenue Opportunity
• Determine Org Structure, Key Hires
Investment #3: Venture

(“Revenue”)
• Structure
– 5-25 person team
– $1M-$10M investment
– VC Investors
• Make Money, Get to Sustainability:
– Beta->Production, 12-18 months
– Customer Sat ≥ 8 => “It Rocks, I’ll Tell My Friends”
– MktgPlan => Predictable Channels / Campaigns + Budget
– Scalability & Infrastructure, Customer Service & Operations
– Connect with Distribution Partners
• Prove/Expand Market, Operationalize Business
• Future Milestones: Profitable/Sustainable, Exit Options
Q&A?
» Questions?
» Answers: $1
» Correct Answers: $10
» Stupid Look on my face: FREE!

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Startup Metrics for Pirates (FounderX, May 2016)

  • 1. Startup Metrics for Pirates @DaveMcClure 500 Startups http://500.co http://500hats.com http://slideshare.net/dmc500hats AARRR!
  • 2. Dave McClure
 Founding Partner & Troublemaker, 500 Startups 00’s & 10’s: • VC: Founders Fund, Facebook fbFund, 500 Startups • Angel: Mashery, Mint.com, SlideShare, Twilio • Marketing: PayPal, Simply Hired, Mint.com, O’Reilly 80’s & 90’s: • Entrepreneur: Aslan Computing (acq’d by Servinet/Panurgy) • Developer: Windows / SQL DB consultant (Intel, MSFT) • Engineer: Johns Hopkins‘88, BS Eng / Applied Math
  • 3. • What is 500? – $250M under management – 120+ people / 30+ investing partners / 20 Countries – 3000+ Founders / 250+ Mentors • 1500+ Portfolio Co’s / 50+ Countries – Credit Karma (~$3.5B) – GrabTaxi ($1B+) – Twilio ($1B+) – Wildfire (acq GOOG, $350M) – MakerBot (acq SSYS, $400M) – Viki (acq Rakuten, $200M) – Simple (acq BBVA, $117M) – Ipsy – Udemy – Intercom – The RealReal – BarkBox – Tradesy – TalkDesk 500 Startups
 Global Seed Fund & Startup Accelerator
  • 5. Topics • Basic Concepts of “Startup Metrics 4 Pirates” • 3 Steps to AARRR: Product, Market, Revenue • Constructing MVP: Just ONE Feature? • Design (UX) & Distribution (MKTG) • Winning = Users, Revenue, Profit?
  • 6. Lean Startup:
 Simpler, Faster, Cheaper, Smarter 1. Startup Costs = Lower. 2. # Users, Bandwidth = More. 3. Transaction $$$ = Better. Building Product => Cheaper, Faster, Better Getting Customers => Easier, More Measurable Iterative Product & Marketing Decisions based on Measured User Behavior
  • 7. Changes in Tech Startups • LESS Capital required to build product, get to market – Dramatically reduced $$$ on servers, software, bandwidth – Crowdfunding, KickStarter, Angel List, Funders Club, etc – Cheap access to online platforms for 100M+ consumers, smallbiz, etc • MORE Customers via ONLINE platforms (100M+ users) – Search (Google, Baidu) – Social (Facebook, Twitter, SnapChat, LinkedIn, TenCent) – Mobile (Apple, Android, Xiaomei) – ECom (Amazon, Alibaba, eBay/PayPal) – Media (YouTube, Pinterest, Instagram, SnapChat) – Comm (Email, IM/Chat, Voice, SMS, etc) • LOTS of little bets: Accelerators, Angels, Angel List, Small Exits – Y Combinator, TechStars, 500 Startups – Funding + Co-working + Mentoring -> Design, Data, Distribution – “Fast, Cheap Fail”, network effects, quantitative + iterative investments
  • 8. DO Marketing! 
 (It’s Not Evil) • Marketing is Both Qualitative + Quantitative • Qualitative: Create Emotion, Drive Action • Quantitative: Measure Results of Action • Design (UX) & Distribution (MKTG) Matter • Volume (#), Cost ($), Conversion (%)
  • 10. Just Gimme the GOOD Metrics. Users, Pages, Clicks, Emails, $$$...? Q: Which of these is best? How do you know? • 1,000,000 one-time, unregistered unique visitors • 500,000 visitors who view 2+ pages / stay 10+ sec • 200,000 visitors who clicked on a link or button • 20,000 registered users w/ email address • 2,000 passionate fans who refer 5+ users / mo. • 1,000 monthly subscribers @ $5/mo the good stuff.
  • 11. Lean Startup -> Startup Metrics • Talk to Customers; Discover Problems • Progress ≠ Features (Less = More) • Fast, Frequent Iteration (+ Feedback Loop) • Focus on Product/Market Fit • Measure Conversion (compare 2+ alternatives) • Track Metrics that are Simple & Actionable
  • 14. AARRR!: Startup Metrics Model Website.com Revenue $$$ Biz DevAds, Lead Gen, Subscriptions, ECommerce ACQUISITION SEO SEM Apps & Widgets Affiliates Email PR Biz Dev Campaigns, Contests Direct, Tel, TV Social Networks Blogs Domains Retention Emails & Alerts System Events & Time-based Features Blogs, RSS, News Feeds
  • 15. Startup Metrics for Pirates • Acquisition: users come to site from various channels • Activation: users enjoy 1st visit: "happy” experience • Retention: users come back, visit site multiple times • Referral: users like product enough to refer others • Revenue: users conduct some monetization behavior AARRR! (note: If you’re in a hurry, Google “Startup Metrics” & watch 5m video)
  • 16. One Step at a Time. 1. Make a Good Product: Activation & Retention 2. Market the Product: Acquisition & Referral 3. Make Money: Revenue & Profitability
  • 17. Startup Challenges Startups have problems in 3 key areas: • Management: Set Priorities, Define Key Metrics • Product: Build “Right” Features. Measure, Iterate. • Marketing: Distribution, Distribution, Distribution. (Search, Social, Mobile)
  • 19. Role: Founder / CEO Q: Which Customers? Problems? Metrics? A: Focus on Critical Few Actionable Metrics (if you don’t use the metric to make a decision, it’s not actionable) • Hypothesize Customer Lifecycle • Target ~3-5 Conversion Events • Test, Measure, Iterate to Improve
  • 20. Optimize 4 Happiness 
 (both User + Business) • Define States of User + Business Value • Prioritize (Estimate) Relative Value of Each State • Move Users: Lower Value -> Higher Value • Optimize for User Happiness + Business $$$ • Achieve High Cust Value + Low ACQ$ @ Scale
  • 21. What is Minimum Viable Product ? MVP = F(Customer, Problem, Time or $$$) • Focus on CUSTOMER – Qualitative Discovery, Quantitative Validation • Get to know habits, problems, desires (FUN MATTERS) – what causes pain? what causes pleasure? • Ship the simplest, fastest solution that solves the problem; better or cheaper or faster than the available competition. • Define 1-5 TESTABLE Conversion Metrics of Value – Attention/Usage (session time, clicks) – Customer Profle Data (email, connect, profile) - Revenue (direct or indirect) - Retention (visits over time, cohort behavior) - Referral (users evangelize to other users)
  • 22. Example Conversion Metrics
 (note: *not* actuals… your mileage may vary) Stage Conversion Status Conv. % Est. Value (*not* cost) Acquisition Visitors -> Site/Widget/Landing Page (2+ pages, 10+ sec, 1+ clicks = don’t abandon) 60% $.05 Activation “Happy” 1st Visit; Usage/Signup (clicks/time/pages, email/profile reg, feature usage) 15% $.25 Retention Users Come Back; Multiple Visits (1-3x visits/mo; email/feed open rate / CTR) 5% $1 Referral Users Refer Others (cust sat >=8; viral K factor > 1; ) 1% $5 Revenue Users Pay / Generate $$$ (first txn, break-even, target profitability) 2% $50
  • 23. [ Getting 2 PMF ]
  • 24. Role: Product / Eng / Design Q: What Features to Build? Why? When are you “Done”? A: Easy-to-Find, Fun/Useful, Unique Features that Increase Conversion (stop iterating when increase decelerates) • Wireframes = Conversion Steps • Measure, A/B Test, Iterate FAST (daily/weekly) • Optimize for Conversion Improvement – 80% on existing feature optimization – 20% on new feature development
  • 25. What is Product/Market Fit ? PMF = F(Customer, Solution, Alternatives*) • Product / Market Fit occurs when: – Customers like your stuff better than other options – Not static, Not optimal – just Local Max F(customers, solution, time) – make sure you’re moving in optimal direction 2 local max • Q: what competitive solutions are available? – … that your customers know about? – how are you diff/same? – in ways that people care about? (will pay for)
  • 26. [ Testing 4 AUX ]
  • 27. Discover Meaning
 Why Should Users CARE About Your Product? Kathy Sierra: “Creating Passionate Users”
  • 28. Discover Meaning
 Keywords, Images, Call-to-Action Top 10 - 100 words • Your Brand / Products • Customer Needs / Benefits • Competitor’s Brand / Products • Semantic Equivalents • Misspellings Relevant images • People • Products • Problems • Solutions Call-to-Action • Words • Images • Context • Button/Link • Emotion Result • Positive? • Negative? • Neutral (= Death) • A/B test & Iterate
  • 29. How To Tell if Design/UX is Good? AUX = F(Customer, Design/UX, Metrics) • If Users Use Your Product Then It’s GOOD. – Define Metrics, Measurability for Design / UX – Focus on Psychology of User – Relative to Competitive Alternatives (that your customers know about) – Keep Testing 4 Awesomeness • RAMP Mktg & $$$ AFTER it’s clear your MVP is: – Functional = useful for >1 customers – Awesome (enough, see above) – Differentiated = better than other stuff availabile
  • 30. [ Metrics 4 ACQ ]
  • 31. Role: Marketing / Sales Q: What channels? Which users? Why? A: High Volume (#), Low Cost ($), High Conv (%) • Design & Test Multiple Marketing Channels + Campaigns • Seek out channels with positive unit economics, scalability • Select & Focus on Best-Performing Channels & Themes • Optimize for conversion to target CTAs, not just site/landing page • Match/Drive channel cost to/below revenue potential • Low-Hanging Fruit: – Blogs – SEO/SEM – Landing Pages – Automated Emails
  • 32. Distribution Platforms Customer Reach: 100M-1B+ • Search: Google, Baidu • Social: Facebook, SnapChat, Twitter, LinkedIn, TenCent/QQ/WeChat • Mobile: Apple (iOS), Android, Xiaomei • Media: Video (YouTube, FB), Photos (Instagram, Pinterest), Blogs • Comm: SMS, IM (WeChat, WhatsApp, FB), Skype, Phone/Voice, etc
  • 33. MAARRRketing Plan Marketing Plan = Target Customer Acquisition Channels • 3 Important Factors = Volume (#), Cost ($), Conversion (%) • Measure conversion to target customer actions • Test audience segments, campaign themes, Call-To-Action (CTAs) [Gradually] Match Channel Costs => Revenue Potential • Increase Vol. & Conversion, Decrease Cost, Optimize for Revenue Potential • Avg Txn Value (ATV), Ann Rev Per User (ARPU), Cust Lifetime Value (CLV) • Design channels that (eventually) cost <20-50% of target ATV, ARPU, CLV Consider Costs, Scarce Resource Tradeoffs • Actual $ expenses • Marketing time & resources • Product/Engineering time & resources • Cashflow timing of expense vs. revenue, profit ACQ = F(Customer, Campaign, Vol, Cost, Conv)
  • 34. [ What is WINNING? ]
  • 35. Choose #WINNING Metrics WIN = F(Customer, Usage, Dist, Revenue) • after MVP functional use, several options: – better Usage – Activation & Retention (AUX) – more Users -- Distribution / Acquisition – more Money --- Monetization – more Profit — Margin • understand ACQ$ vs REV$, optimize 4 short-term – higher volume usually a priority – costs may change as volume increases
  • 36. Startup 2.0: 
 “Lean Investor” Model Method: Invest in startups using incremental investment, iterative development. Start with lots of small experiments, filter out failure, and expand investment upon success. • Incubator: $0-100K (“Product Viability”) • Seed: $100K-$2M (“Expand Distribution”) • Venture: $1M-$10M (“Maximize Revenue”)
  • 37. Investment #1: Incubate
 (“Product”) • Structure – 1-3 founders – $0-$100K investment – Incubator environment: multiple peers, mentors/advisors • Build Functional Prototype / “Minimum Viable Product” (MVP): – Concept->Alpha, ~3-6 months – Develop Minimal Critical Feature Set => Get to “It Works” – Instrument Basic Dashboard, Conversion Metrics – Test Cust. Adoption (10-1000 users) / Cust. Satisfaction (Scale: 1-10) • Demonstrate Concept, Reduce Product Risk, Test Functional Use • Develop Metrics & Filter for Follow-on Investment
  • 38. Investment #2: Seed
 (“Market”)• Structure – 2-5 person team – $100K-$2M investment – Syndicate of Angel Investors / Small VC Funds • Improve Product, Expand Market, Test Revenue: – Alpha->Beta, ~6-12 months – Customer Sat ≥ 6 => Get to “Doesn’t Suck” – Setup A/B Testing Framework, Optimize Conversion – Test Marketing Campaigns, Cust Acqstn Channels • Prove Solution/Benefit, Assess Market Size • Test Channel Cost, Revenue Opportunity • Determine Org Structure, Key Hires
  • 39. Investment #3: Venture
 (“Revenue”) • Structure – 5-25 person team – $1M-$10M investment – VC Investors • Make Money, Get to Sustainability: – Beta->Production, 12-18 months – Customer Sat ≥ 8 => “It Rocks, I’ll Tell My Friends” – MktgPlan => Predictable Channels / Campaigns + Budget – Scalability & Infrastructure, Customer Service & Operations – Connect with Distribution Partners • Prove/Expand Market, Operationalize Business • Future Milestones: Profitable/Sustainable, Exit Options
  • 40. Q&A? » Questions? » Answers: $1 » Correct Answers: $10 » Stupid Look on my face: FREE!