This document discusses health, illness, and how diseases are transmitted and prevented. It defines health as a state of physical, mental, and social well-being. It describes different types of health professionals like general practitioners and medical specialists. It defines illnesses as health problems that affect the body's organs, and categorizes them into infectious diseases caused by microorganisms and non-infectious diseases not caused by microorganisms. It discusses how infectious diseases like bacteria, viruses, protozoans, and fungi can be transmitted and treated. It emphasizes the importance of healthy lifestyle habits, vaccines, and hygiene in preventing infectious diseases.

1. Health and Illness Unit 6
by: Hugo Redondo Valdés.

2. Health
Health is a state of physical, mental and social well-being.
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Types of health professional:
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·A general practitioner (is a doctor who treats the most
common,everyday illnesses).
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·A medical specialist (is a doctor who treats specific
illnesses or parts of the body).
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·Hospital (they can go there for medical emergency, tests
and medical treatments).

3. Illness
Illnesses are health problems that affect your body´s
organs.
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Types of Illnesses:
· Infectious diseases (are caused by microorganisms. For
example: influenza, measles, chicken pox…).
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· Non- infectious diseases (aren´t caused by microorganisms.
For example: allergies, obesity, malnutrition…).

4. Infectious Diseases
· Bacteria ( some of them can cause tuberculosis, tetanus or
salmonellosis. We can treat some bacterial infections with
antibiotics).
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· Viruses (they cause flu, measles, rubella and AIDS, for
example. We can treat it with antiviral medicines).
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· Protozoans (they can cause malaria, cholera and amoebic.
We can treat some of these infections with anti- protist
medicines.
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· Fungi (it cause diseases of the skin, hair and nails. We
can treat fungal infections with antifungal medicines).

5. How are infectious diseases transmitted?
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· By a personal contact.
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· By droplet contact (when people sneeze or cough).
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· By contact with contaminated objects.
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· By animal carriers.
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· By consumption of contaminated food.
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· By consumption of contaminated water.

6. Preventing Infectious Diseases
To prevent infectious diseases, we must keep:
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· Healthy lifestyle habits: wash your hands, brush your
teeth, clean cuts, keep your pets healthy, wash raw
fruits and vegetables and don´t walk barefoot.
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· Vaccines: is a substance that contains weak or dead
microorganisms and produce antibodies.

7. Preventing Non-Infectious Diseases
To stay healthy, we need to keep lifestyle habits:
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· Balanced diet.
· Regular exercise.
· Get 8-10 hours of sleep every night.
· Follow road safety rules.
· Accept and respect yourself.
· Express your feelings appropriately.
· Accept and respect other people