6. PAPULE:
A papule is a solid , elevated lesion
less than 0.5 cm in size in which a signific-
ant portion projects above the plane of surrounding skin.
10. PLAQUE
A solid plateau-like elevation that
occupies a relatively large surface
area in comparison with its height
above the normal skin level and
has a diameter larger than 0.5 cm
17. CYST:
A cyst is an encapsulated cavity
or sac lined with a true epithelium
that contains fluid or semisolid
material ,cell & cell products such
as keratin.
21. SCAR
A scar arises from proliferation of
fibrous tissue that replaces previously normal collagen after a
wound or ulceration breaches the reticular dermis.
27. EROSION
An erosion is a moist , circumscribed ,
Depressed lesion that results from loss
of a portion or all of the viable epidermal
Or mucosal epithelium.
e.g. TEN
37. STRIAE
Striae are linear depression of the skin that
usually measure several cm in length and
result from changes to reticular collagen
that occur with rapid stretching of the skin.
44. MACULE
A macule is a flat lesion , even with the
surface level of surrounding skin, perceptible
as an area of colour different from the
surrounding skin or mucous membranes
45. A macule may be:
Hyperpigmented
Hypopigmented
Depigmented
49. ERYTHEMA
Erythema is blanchable change in the
colour of the skin or mocous membranes
that is due to dilatation of arteries and
veins in the papillary and reticularis dermis.
50.
51. ERYTHRODERMA
it is generalised deep redness of the
skin Involving more than 90% of the
body surface within days to weeks .
Scaling and desquamation generally
follows.
58. CRUST
Crusts are the hardened deposits that
result when serum, blood, or purulent
exudate dries on the surface of the skin.
59.
60. EXCORIATION :
Excoriations are surface exavations of
the epidermis that result from scratching
and are frequent findings in patients
experiencing pruritis .
61.
62. FISSURE :
A fissure is the linear loss of continuity of
the skin surface or mucosa that results from excessive tension or
decreased elasticity of involved area.
63. LICHENIFICATION :
Repeated rubbing of skin may induce a
reactive thickening of epidermis with
changes in underlying collagen.
70. VESICLE AND BULLA:
A vesicle is a fluid filled cavity or elevation less than 0.5 cm.
Whereas a bulla measures larger than 0.5 cm.
71.
72. PUSTULE:
A circumscribed raised cavity in the epidermis or infundibulum
containing pus. The purulent exudate composed of leukocytes
with or without cellular debris , may contain bacteria or sterile.
76. PURPURA :
Extravasation of red blood from cutaneous vessels into skin or
mucous membrane results in reddish purple lesion.
77. Petechie:
Small , pinpoint pupuric macules.
Ecchymoses:
Larger , bruise like pupuric patches.
Plapable purpura:
If a lesion is pupuric and palpable.
78.
79. TELANGIECTASIA :
It is persistent dilatations of small
capillaries in the superficial dermis
that are visible as fine , bright, non_
pulsatile red lines or net like pattern
on skin.
87. Arrangement of lesions
a) (b) Grouped pigmented areas in a speckled lentiginous naevus. (c) Grouped vesicles in herpes
simplex. (d) Grouped lesions within a mosaic plantar wart
91. Approach each and every evaluation with patience and
thorough diagnosis.
Beware of snap, curbside, or doorway diagnosis.
92. Examine the entire mucocutaneous surface as well as
hair and nails.
A new or changing mole should be carefully evaluated.
93. Generalized pruritus of more than one month’s duration
mandates a complete systemic workup.
Drug induced eruptions can mimic most skin conditions.
94. Beware of the atypical diagnosis. Atypical ‘’this’’ may be
‘’typical’’ that to someone
who has seen it before.
