40. 40
Medical conditions to be considered in
orthodontic treatment
Medical condition Implications Action
Asthma Root resorption Monitor every 6 mo for evidence
of EARR
Allergies Allergic reaction Determine materials causing
allergy
Coagulation disorders Bleeding risk Extraction?
Diabetes Periodontal disease Monitor adequate control of
diabetes
Epilepsy, High blood
pressure
Gingival
hypertrophy
Plaque control, gingivectomy if
necessary
Heart valve conditions Endocarditis Premedication when extraction,
fitting bands
Rheumatoid arthritis TMJ degeneration Monitor TMJ
Xerostomia Caries Fluoride supplement
98. 98
Cephalometric analysis – Skeletal
Description Measurement Mean Range
Pal. plane to Md. Plane: Skeletal
Open/closed
ANS‐PNS to Md. plane 280 Closed 240 – 330 Open
Md. Plane angle: Skeletal Open/closed FH – MA: Child
Adult
260
220
Closed 200 – 300 Open
240 – 330
Y – Axis Vert/Hor Growth SGN ‐ FH 590 Hor. 570 – 620 Vertical
Maxilla to Cranium N ⊥ A +1mm Retruded ‐1 to +3 Protruded
Maxilla to Cranium SNA 820 Retruded 760 – 830 Protruded
Mandible to Cranium N ⊥ Po : Child
Adult
‐7mm
‐1mm
Retruded ‐10 to ‐4 Protruded
‐4 to ‐1
Mandible to Cranium SNB 790 Retruded 750 – 830 Protruded
Maxilla to Mandible ANB 20 Class I : + 20 to +4.50
Class III tendency: +0.50 to +1.50
Wits A, B ⊥ Occlusal plane 0 mm Class I : ‐1 to +2
112. 112
Ackerman and Proffit diagram
Aligment (spacing and crowding)
Profile (convex, straight, concave)
Sagittal deviation (Angle class)
Vertical deviation (deep bite, open bite)
Transsagittal deviation (combine Angle class and cross
bite)
Sagittovertical deviation (combine Angle class and deep
bite or open bite)
Verticotransverse deviation (combine cross bite and deep
bite or open bite)
Transsagittovertical deviation (combine of problems in
three planes of space)
124. 124
3. Overbite
a. Normal (5 % ‐ 20%)
b. Moderate deep bite (20% ‐ 50%)
c. Severe deep bite ( > 50%)*
d. Edge to edge
e. Anterior open bite
4. Overjet
a. Normal (1 – 3mm)
b. Excessive ( > 3mm)*
c. Edge to edge
d. Underjet (negative overjet)
126. 126
7. Space analysis
a. Adequate arch length ( +1 to ‐1mm)
b. Mild crowding (‐2 to ‐3mm)
c. Moderate crowding (‐4 to ‐6mm) or Severe (> ‐6mm)
d. Mild spacing (1 – 3mm)
e. Moderate spacing (4 to 6mm) or Severe (> 6mm)
8. POG interpretation
a. Normal
b. Abnormal: missing, supernumerary, ectopic, impacted
tooth)
9. CEP interpretation
a. Normal
b. Beyond the normal range: 1 SD
c. Beyond the normal range: 2 SD
d. Beyond the normal range: 3 SD