1. Ecosystems

11. Ecosystems make population growth curves complicated, as species #’s depend on each other

15. Adaptation and Speciation

18. Mass Extinctions Vertical axis - percentage extinction of genera, horizontal axis - millions of years ago; from Wikipedia

19. Mass Extinctions: 5 Vertical axis - percentage extinction of genera, horizontal axis - millions of years ago; from Wikipedia

20. Mass Extinctions: 5 Vertical axis - percentage extinction of genera, horizontal axis - millions of years ago; from Wikipedia

21. Mass Extinctions: 5 Vertical axis - percentage extinction of genera, horizontal axis - millions of years ago; from Wikipedia

22. Mass Extinctions: 5 Vertical axis - percentage extinction of genera, horizontal axis - millions of years ago; from Wikipedia

23. Arrival of Homo Sapiens is bad for the locals:

24. North American Extinctions

25. Australian Extinctions

26. 6 th Extinction? “ The current extinction rate is between 1,000 and 10,000 times higher than the natural rate.” (International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN)

27. 6 th Extinction? “ The current extinction rate is between 1,000 and 10,000 times higher than the natural rate.” (International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN) Wikipedia

28. 6 th Extinction? “ The current extinction rate is between 1,000 and 10,000 times higher than the natural rate.” (International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN) Not a number from science: We don’t really know

29. 6 th Extinction? Mammals, have an average species "lifespan" from origination to extinction of about 1 million years. !

30. 6 th Extinction? Mammals, have an average species "lifespan" from origination to extinction of about 1 million years. So: 5,000 mammal species extant: in the last 400 years, predict ~2 extinctions. !

31. 6 th Extinction? Mammals, have an average species "lifespan" from origination to extinction of about 1 million years. So: 5,000 mammal species extant: in the last 400 years, predict ~2 extinctions. Actually had 89; ~50 times background. !

32. Habitat loss: forests http://www.the-environmentalist.org/2008/10/cost-of-forest-loss-exceeds-current.html

33. Habitat loss: forests

34. Current World forests NASA http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/forest-height-map.html

35. Forest loss: are things improving? Millions of hectares change per year Losses slowing, some reforestation

36. Amazon Forest

38. US forests http://visibleearth.nasa.gov/view_rec.php?id=16603 NASA

39. Forest loss: the damage has already been done From William B. Greeley's, The Relation of Geography to Timber Supply, Economic Geography, 1925