This document discusses linked open data and publishing government data as linked open data. It provides an overview of linked open data principles and standards like URIs, RDF, and SPARQL. It also shares lessons learned from linked open data implementations by governments worldwide and the benefits of exposing data to larger audiences through linked open data. Key challenges include selecting appropriate ontologies and establishing links between data from different sources and domains.

1. ?
Dongpo Deng
dongpo@iis.sinica.edu.tw

2. 5
•
•
http://5stardata.info/tw/

5. MS EXCEL XLS

6. CSV

7. (Web of Data)
•
:
•
•
•
•

8. (Resource Description Framework, RDF)
64
siteAddress
Subject Predicate Object
Triple
URL
URL
URL

9. HTTP URL and URL
• HTTP URIs, in the web
architecture, have been used to
denote documents -- "web pages"
informally, or "information
resources" more formally.
• However, with the growth of the
Semantic Web, which uses URIs to
denote anything at all, the urge to
use and practice of using HTTP
URIs for arbitrary things grew
steadily.
https://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/HTTP-URI.html

10. (ontology)
• 建⽴知識本體
• 定義語彙，清楚表達資料，使資料能夠相互連結

11. http://lov.okfn.org/dataset/lov/

12. URI
(Resource Description
Framework, RDF)

13. RDF
Resource URI: http://www.epa.gov.tw/resource/Taiepi_Weather_Station
db:Taipei
a lodtw:UV_Site ;
rdfs:isDefinedBy <http://www.epa.gov.tw/data/Taiepi_Weather_Station> ;
rdfs:label “Taipei_Weather_Station” ;
<http://lod.tw/ontologies/weather_stations.owl#1st_Administration>
“ ” <Taipei_City> ;
<http://lod.tw/ontologies/weather_stations.owl#2nd_Administration>
“ ” <Zhongzheng_Distract> ;
lodtw:Government_Organization
“ ” ;
lodtw:Weather_Station
“ ” ;
lodtw:id 6 ;
wgs84_pos:lat “25.037583”^^xsd:float ;
wgs84_pos:long “121.514861”^^xsd:float ;
card:Address “ 64 ” ;
foam:page <http://www.epa.gov.tw/page/Taiepi_Weather_Station>
Taiepi_Weather_Station

14. (Linked Data)
• Tim Berners-Lee
1. URI
2. HTTP URI
3. URI (
RDF, SPARQL)
4. URI
https://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/HTTP-URI.html

15. http://blog.okfn.org/category/working-groups/wg-archaeology/

16. URI
URI
(Linked Open Data, LOD)
!!
Resource URI: http://www.epa.gov.tw/resource/Taiepi_Weather_Station
Taiepi_Weather_Station
Resource URI: http://lod.tw/resource/Taiepi_City

17. •
•
•
•

18. DBpedia
• DBpedia is a community effort to extract structured “infobox”
information from Wikipedia

19. Academia Sinica in Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academia_Sinica

20. Academia Sinica in DBpedia
http://dbpedia.org/page/Academia_Sinica

21. LOD Cloud (2007-05-01)
12 data sets

22. LOD Cloud (2008-02-28)
32 data sets

23. LOD Cloud (2009-03-05)
93 data sets

24. LOD Cloud (2010-09-22)
203 data sets

25. LOD Cloud (2011-09-19)
LODE-Taiwan Biodiversity Dataset
295 data sets

26. LOD Cloud (2014-08-30)
570 data sets

27. Government Linked Open Data

28. Government Linked Open Data

29. http://hangingtogether.org/?p=5206

30. 90
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45
USA
Spain
UK
The Netherlands
Norway
Canada
Australia
France
Germany
Italy
Switzerland
Austria
Czech Republic
Hungary
Ireland
Japan
Malaysia
Portugal
Singapore
Sweden
Linked Data Survey Respondents
Karen Smith-Yoshimura (2015) Linked Data Implementations— Who, What and Why?, OCLC Research

31. 0
5
10
15
20
25
Academic
library
National library Network Government Scholarly Public Library Museum Other
2014 2015
Karen Smith-Yoshimura (2015) Linked Data Implementations— Who, What and Why?, OCLC Research

32. 2015
Steep learning curve for staff
40
Inconsistency in legacy data
33
Selecting appropriate ontologies to represent our data
31
Establishing the links
27
Little documentation or advice on how to build the systems
21
Karen Smith-Yoshimura (2015) Linked Data Implementations— Who, What and Why?, OCLC Research

33. ?
2015 2014
Expose to larger audience on the Web
67 45
Demonstrate what could be done with datasets as linked
data
59 41
Heard about linked data and wanted to try it out by
exposing our data as linked data.
43 21
See if publishing linked data would improve our Search
Engine Optimization (SEO.)
29 9
Karen Smith-Yoshimura (2015) Linked Data Implementations— Who, What and Why?, OCLC Research

34. ?
2015 2014
Provide our users with a richer experience.
51 35
Enhance our own data by consuming linked data from other
sources.
50 37
More effective internal metadata management.
32 16
Greater accuracy and scope in our search results
27 12
See if consuming linked data would improve our Search Engine
Optimization (SEO).
19 12
Experiment with combining different types of data into a single
triple store.
17 15
Heard about linked data and wanted to try it out by using linked
data sources.
17 13

35. 2015
VIAF (Virtual International Authority File) 41
DBpedia 36
GeoNames 35
id.loc.gov 35
Resources we convert to linked data ourselves 17
Getty's AAT 16
FAST (Faceted Application of Subject Terminology) 15
WorldCat.org 15
data.bnf.fr 12
Deutsche National Bib Linked Data Service 12
Karen Smith-Yoshimura (2015) Linked Data Implementations— Who, What and Why?, OCLC Research

36. •
•
•
• URI
• BaseURI http://geo.lod.tw
• TBoxURIs http://geo.lod.tw/ontology/
{class|property}
• ABoxURIs
http://geo.lod.tw/resource/Name/

37. •
(Ontologies)
•
•
• OWL RDFs
• Protege

38. • 要連到其它資料，要清楚資料的脈絡關係，
以找到可以連結的資料
• 基本上要梳理資料脈絡關係，可由三個⼤
⽅向著⼿，資料的時間特性、資料的空間
特性、和資料的主題
• ⼯具
• Silk
• http://wifo5-03.informatik.uni-mannheim.de/bizer/silk/
• LIME
• http://aksw.org/Projects/LIMES.html

39. •
• CSV and spreadsheets
• RDF extension of Google Refine,
XLWrap, RDF123, NOR2O
• RDB
• D2R Server, ODEMapster,W3C
RDB2RDF WG – R2RML
• XML
• GRDDL, ReDeFer

40. •
• http (accessibility)
(derefencability)
• namespace vocabulary
•

41. • RDF stores and SPARQL endpoints
• Jena,Virtuoso, Sesame,4Store, OWLIM,
BBN Parliament
• linked-data front-end services
• Pubby, TalisPlatform, Fuseki, D2RQ

42. MySQL
RDB
D2R Pubby
Virtuoso
RDF store
Web
HTML RDF

43. RelFinder

44. dongpo.deng@gmail.com
twitter: @dongpo
facebook: dongpo.deng
Slides are available on
http://tinyurl.com/hobd6az