This presentation was presented by Dr. Abdul Nasir Qayyumi - Medical Director for CTTC-Medical Department. This presentation was presented in MoPH to support the proposal of a Directorate to be established to control all activities related to the Homeopathic Medical System in Afghanistan. Presented at 3:00pm,on Sunday, 23rd Dec 2012. www.cttc-af.org
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Homeopathy Introduced to Ministry of Public Health Afghansitan
1. Dr. Abdul Nasir “Qayyumi”
DHMS
CTTC-Medical Department- Director
6/5/2012 HIMS Cooperative 1
2. Introduction
Principals
Pharmacology
Research into this Medical System
This Medical System Today
Reasons to Adopt
Our Vision for Afghanistan
MoPH Support
6/5/2012 HIMS Cooperative 2
4. Hippocrates- 450–380 BCE
"Natural forces within us are the
true healers of disease”
Paracelsus 1493-1541
“What makes a man ill also cures
him”
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5. 18th century
Hahnemann- (1755–1843).
Medical practitioner (MD)
Laid out its principles
New Curative Properties of
Drugs
Coined Heroic Medicine as
Allopathic
In other words – Failure
caused – New approach
Samuel Hahnemann Monument at
Scott Circle, Washington, D.C.
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7. 5 years continues confirmation
New Principles for Ascertaining the Curative
Powers of Drugs (Article 1796 -Haufington Post)
First appeared in print in 1807
Similar - hómoios – Greek
Suffering - páthos - Greek
Combined together
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8. Oxford Dictionary
Homeopathy
A system of complementary medicine in which ailments are treated by minute doses
of natural substances that in larger amounts would produce symptoms of the
ailment.
Allopathy
The treatment of disease by conventional means, i.e. with drugs having effects
opposite to the symptoms.
Herbalism
The study or practice of the medicinal and therapeutic use of plants, now especially as
a form of alternative medicine.
Homeopathy is misinterpreted with Herb-o-logy but In fact, they are the opposite of
each other. *
* WHO TM/CAM Strategy
http://cchindia.com
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9. ‘No individual has done more good to
the medical profession than Samuel
Hahnemann’
—Sir William Ostler- The Father of Modern Medicine
4 Books translations from English –
German
2 Valuable books translations from
French – German
4 Chemical Books
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10. Organon Of Medicine Lesser Writings
Articles during his period of an
Whole Fundamentals allopathic physician
Philosophical Backgrounds Chemistry works and translations
Methodology Directions for curing old sores &
Special Instructions indolent ulcers
Homeopathic Medicine Pharmacy Mode of preparation of soluble
Drug Proving mercury
Pharmaceutical Lexicon
Chronic Diseases Materia Medica Pura
Miasma Theory Drug proving
Introduced to three miasma Symptomatology
Psora, Sycosis, Syphilis Actions on human body and organs
Cause of chronic illness Collected and composed
Treatment of this condition Information collected about the
Selecting Anti-psoric, Anti- action of medicines, proved
sycotic, Anti-syphilitic medicines on human body
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12. Therapy
Medicine
System
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13. Cells are broken, allowing enzymes
Lachrymatory factor synthase
Activates sensory neurons, creating a stinging sensation and
irritates them
Lachrymal Glands produce tears: flue and coryza symptoms
Allium Cepa in Homeopathic Pharmacopeias
Suggested for the similar symptoms seen in patients in
Materia Medica
To bring back the health to its normal condition
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14. Organon §105-145
Healthy Human beings
High doses of Crude drugs/substances
Pathogenic (disease-producing) power of medicine
Eliciting reactive and reversible symptoms
Why not Animals
1. Animals do not give subjective or mental symptoms
2. Effects of the same drug on animals and on human beings
are different
3. We do not get the modalities and finer symptoms in
animal proving
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15. Way to change Substances into Homeopathic
Medicine
1. Decimal Scale 1:10 ->
2. Centesimal Scale 1:100
3. 50 Millisimal Scale 1:50000
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16. Sing and Symptoms
Cure from the
Imbalances in
Network of
Biological System
Life Style and
Environment
Genome
Root
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17. Medicine
Preventive 1
Curative
Palliative
Endemic and Epidemics Control
Veterinary Medicine 2
Agro-Homeopathy 3
1. Prophylaxes
2. Veterinary
3. Agro-Homeopathy
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20. Succussion: Organon § 270
Liquids are diluted (with water or ethanol)
Ten-100 hard strikes against an elastic body ("succussion")
Trituration: Materia Medica Pura under Arsenicum Med
Trituration is for the the solid substances
One grain of subs – 33 parts of vehicle
6 mins granding 4 mins mixing for one hour
One part in a million
Dissolved in 100 drops of diluted Ethanol = parts
1:99 two succussions
Decillionth (30th) potency
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21. 7,000 remedies from various sources
Never rejected/banned
Medicine are as non-hazardous
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22. --Solid vehicles -- Liquid vehicles -- Semi-solid vehicles
Ethanol Sugar of milk Vehicles as bases
for external
Distilled water Ethanol
applications-
Glycerin Distilled water Distilled water
Solvent ether Alcohol
Sugar of milk Glycerin
Olive oil
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23. Mother Tincture
Actual Extract Rarely used as Remedy
Trituration form in Decimal scale
1:10 Medicine:Vehicle
Potentized form in Centesimal scale
1:100 Medicine:Vechicle
LM/50 ML Scale
1:50000 Medicine:Vehicle
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27. Flat tablets
Pillules
Capsules
Lactose Only Tablets, or Trituration Tablets
Granules
Powders
Liquid Remedies
Mother Tinctures
Creams and Ointments
Injections or Ampoules
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28. Reliable and is often much more effective
The worldwide influenza epidemic of 1918 killed 22 million
people worldwide and 500,000 in the U.S. The death rate was 30%
or higher treated conventionally, while homeopaths cured 98%
During the Cholera and Typhus epidemics in Europe from the
1860′s to early 1900′s, homeopathy had survival rates 50% or
greater than those treated by conventional medicine.
In an epidemic of Typhus in Leipzig (1813), 180 cases of Typhus,
losing only two patients. Mortality rates were over 30%.
Cholera epidemic of 1849 in Cincinnati, with survival rates
between 40 -52%, by homeopathy had a 97% survival rate.
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29. 1957 polio epidemic in Buenos Aires, the homeopathic
remedy Lathyrus was given to thousands of people. Not
one case of polio was reported in these individuals.
1974 epidemic of meningicoccal meningitis in Brazil,
18,640 children were given a homeopathic remedy for
prevention. Only 4 cases of meningitis occurred in these
children.
In the smallpox epidemic of 1902 in Iowa, the
homeopathic remedy Variolinum was given preventively
to 2,806 patients of 15 doctors. The protection rate was
97%.
Leprosy tested in Cuba 2007 stunning report of success
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30. Homeopathic Institutions and Allopathic vitro
researchers
Clear indications of success in treatment
Efficacy
Cell Based biological - Clinical researches
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31. Respiratory-tract infections 21 (19%)
Pollinosis and asthma 16 (15%)
Gynaecology and obstetrics 14 (13%)
Surgery and anaesthetics 12 (11%)
Gastroenterology 12 (11%)
Musculoskeletal disorders 11 (10%)
Neurology 10 (9%)
Other 14 (13%)
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32. Potentized Histamine Research
The specific purpose of the research book is to test the
“paradoxical” theory that homeopathic medicine has
definite therapeutic effects, on the basis of scientific
evidence.
Results in favor of homeopathic remedies, both in terms of
clinical activity and costs.
In-Vitro Results
Multi-centre study
Statistically significant inhibition for the histamine
containing solutions
High dilutions of histamine did indeed have biological
effects
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33. The authors conclusion shows that successive
dilutions and succussions can permanently
alter the physico-chemical properties of the
water solvent. The authors are unable to
explain the phenomena.
Elia V, Niccoli M. New physico-chemical properties of extremely
diluted aqueous solutions. Journal of Thermal Analysis and
Calorimetry, Vol. 75 (2004) 815–836.
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34. In a study of homeopathically potentised
remedies the incidence of haematomas
(blood filled ‘bruises’)was reduced by 30 % in
turkeys during transportation. The study was
randomised, placebo controlled and double
blinded.
Filliat C. Particularité de l´utilisation de l´homéopathie en
production avicole. Annals of the “Entretiens Internationaux de
Monaco 2002”, 5-6 October 2002.
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35. 89 trials of homeopathic medicine versus
placebo
95% confidence intervals 2.05-2.93
In favor of Homeopathic Medical System
Linde K, Clausius N, Ramirez G, et al. Are the clinical effects of
homoeopathy placebo effects? A meta-analysis of placebo-
controlled trials. Lancet 1997;350:834-43.
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36. Of the 105 trials 81 trials indicated positive
results
High quality ratings for randomization,
blinding, sample size, and other
methodological criteria
Most studies showed results in favor of
homeopathy
Kleijnen J, Knipschild P, Ter Riet G. Clinical trials of
homoeopathy. British Medical Journal. 1991b;302:316-23.
6/5/2012 HIMS Cooperative 37
37. Respiratory tract complaints
30 practitioners in four countries
500 consecutive patients with at least one of
three complaints
▪ Upper respiratory tract complaints including allergies;
▪ Lower respiratory tract complaints including allergies;
▪ Ear complaints.
281 received homeopathy and 175 conventional
treatment
Primary outcome criterion = Response to
treatment defined as cured or major
improvement after 14 days of treatment
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38. RESULTS
82.6% in the homeopathy group
67.3% in the group receiving conventional
medicine
Authors concluded
homeopathy appeared to be as effective as
conventional treatment
Riley D, Fischer M, Singh B, Haidvogl M, Heger M.
Homeopathy and conventional medicine: an outcomes
study comparing effectiveness in a primary care setting. J
Altern Complement Med 2001; 7: 149–159.
6/5/2012 HIMS Cooperative 39
39. In a randomized controlled double-blind clinical trial
(1992-94)
19 women suffering from PMS
Treated individually
30 % improvement (P=0.048)
37.5 % of patients received placebo improved
Sick-days reduced from 0.75 - 0 in Homeo group
Use of conventional drugs was also reduced in the
homeopathy-group.
Yakir M, Kreitler S, Brzezinski A, Vithoulkas G, Oberbaum
M, Bentwich Z. Effects of homeopathic treatment in
women with premenstrual syndrome: a pilot study. Br
Homeopath J. 2001 Jul ;90(3): 148- 53.
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40. Sick-days reduced from 0.75 to 0 in Homeo group
Use of conventional drugs was also reduced in the
homeopathy-group.
Yakir M, Kreitler S, Brzezinski A, Vithoulkas G, Oberbaum M, Bentwich
Z. Effects of homeopathic treatment in women with premenstrual
syndrome: a pilot study. Br Homeopath J. 2001 Jul ;90(3): 148- 53.
A randomised controlled trial of homeopathic
treatment for PMS confirms that homeopathy is
helpful in PMS.
Jones A. Homeopathic treatment for premenstrual symptoms. J Fam
Plann Reprod Health Care. 2003 Jan;29(1):6-7.
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41. Reduction in Hot Flushes after Undergone Surgery,
Chemotherapy and Radiation Treatment for Breast
Cancer
Significant Improvement in Children
Significant Smaller Areas Of Ecchymosis (Bruising)
After Operation
Menopausal Clinically Significant Improvement
Fever, Asthma And Perennial Rhinitis Research
Individualized Homeopathic Treatment (LM
potency) in tender point pain
Emission of Light Even in Dilutions beyond
Avogadro’s Number
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43. “Homeopathy... cures a larger percentage of cases than any other
method of treatment and it is beyond alt doubt safer and more
economical and the most complete medical science.”
-- Mahatma Ghandi
“Yellow bag of Royals…….. 60 Homeopathic Medicine”
---Media --
‘Homeopathy did not merely seek to cure a disease but treated a
disease as a sign of the whole human organism. Homeopathy
would play an important part in the public health of the
country along with other systems.’
– S. Radhakrishnan (Ex–President of India)
6/5/2012 HIMS Cooperative 44
44. More then 200,000 board certified homeopathic physicians
PHC one CAM and one conventional doctors and spending
Homeopathic with 260 million
10% population, depend solely on homeopathy
Nearly 180 homeopathic medical colleges, 7500 government
clinics, and 307 hospitals offering homeopathy treatment.
National Medical System; second most popular system
Industry size is est to 391 million £, likely to be 4,600 Corers
20,000 Cancer patients cured 2 were heart patients
Central Council for Homeopathy
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46. NHS Spends £4 million a year on homeopathy
Hospitals in the UK in Bristol, Glasgow, and London
18 Colleges private colleges
In the UK, the Faculty of Homeopathy regulates medical
professionals who practice homeopathy
248,000 registered practitioners of medicine in the U.K.
42% of British physicians refer patients to homeopaths
Royal family - three generations
100 years the oldest, the Royal London Homeopathic
Hospital.
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48. 1854 Abraham Lincoln first Homeopathic College
Over 21 Colleges offering Homeopathic Degree
3.9 million U.S. adults use Homeopathic Medicine
900,000 children have used homeopathy last year
Separate certification post-graduate certification
to MDs and DOs
Homeopathic certifying agency (CCH)
Mainstream medical license (MD, DO) are given
homeopathic training
6/5/2012 HIMS Cooperative 49
49. The Birth Place of Homeopathic Medical System
First Hospital 1832
Part of their curriculum
Certified "professional homeopaths"
Pass examinations that grant "certification“
20% of Physicians prescribe homeopathic remedies
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50. In France, 18,000 physicians
prescribe homeopathic remedies.
Seven medical schools offering post grad
degrees in homeopathy
23,000 pharmacies carry homeopathic
remedies.
Equivalent ways to conventional doctors with a
system of qualification and oversight
70% professionals that prescribe remedies are
MDs
European Committee for Homeopathy
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51. Recognized Medical System Officially
More then 1000 Homeopathic Doctors
IHA (Iranian Homeopathic Association)
Minutus Institute of Allopathic Doctors
Training to the Medical Professionals
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52. Officially Recognized Medical System
140,000 Homeopathic Doctors
140 Homeopathic Colleges
A number of Medicine Manufacturing
Companies
Degree approved by HEC as MSc
Allowed to Practice freely
National Council for Homeopathy
6/5/2012 HIMS Cooperative 53
53. Effectiveness, Safety and Cost-effectiveness
Swiss Federal Office for Public Health
Changes in the cells of living organism
URTI /Allegric Reactions overall positive
Randomized Control Trails
Placebo-CT
In favor of Homeopathic Medical System
Medicines are declared as free of
Toxic Effects
Swiss Gov has decided to Integrate Homeopathic Medical
System into health Care System
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16883077
6/5/2012 HIMS Cooperative 54
55. Dr.C.F.S Hahnemann was an Allopathic
doctor
Homeopathic Principles and Medicine
Curriculum equipped & Adopted
Degrees
More subjects
6/5/2012 HIMS Cooperative 56
56. BHMS and DHMS
Post-Graduation in Health Sciences
DHMS Grads Homeopathic Doctors and Practice
Equal Educational and Job Opportunities as Conventional
Doctors
International Certification to Practice (CCH USA)
International Level College Accreditation (ACCH in USA)
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57. 2nd 2nd
1st 1st
Equivalent to M.Sc/MBBS
Anatomy Surgery including Homoeopathic Pharmacy
Physiology Homoeo Therapeutics Anatomy & Physiology
2nd Materia Medica Obs/Gyn
Years
B.H.M.S Materia Medica
Pathology, Community Medicine
Organon of Medicine
½
Bacteriology and Medicine (Int Med)
1st Bachelors Parasitology Homoeopathic Principles of Homoeopathy
Forensic Medicine and Repertory Psychology
Toxicology Pathology, Bacteriology and
Parasitology
5th
4th
Years
Forensic Medicine and
Equivalent to B.Sc Toxicology
Preventive, Social Medicine
and Family Welfare
3rd
4th
Physics
Chemistry
Hygiene
Pathology
Surgery including
Homoeopathic Therapeutics
2nd
3rd
Biology Psychology
1st
Years
Obs/Gyn and Infant Hygiene
D.H.M.S Materia Medica Obs/Gynaecology
Community Medicine
Philosophy Case Taking &
2nd Diploma Anatomy Repertory
Medicine including
Homoeopathic Therapeutics
Pharmacy Minor Surgery
1st Physiology Forensic Medicine
Homoeopathic Repertory
6/5/2012 HIMS Cooperative 58
58. Having Hospitals and Clinics all over the
world
License is being issued to the doctors after
DHMS to practice
Opportunity for Specialization (Ultrasound,
Peads, Gyne/Obs and so…)
Doctors appointed in Government and
Private Hospitals
Separate Councils, Directorates, Department
and Faculties
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59. 1. Effective in Acute and Chronic Cases
2. Patient Centered/Holistic Approach
3. A complete System of Medicine
4. 53-63% cost-effective-WHO
5. Suitable for Every one
6. Non toxic with no chemical side effects
7. No drug dependency
8. Improves physical and emotional health
9. The most recent Medical System introduced
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60. Double the size of Professionals
More to the poorest
Cost-effective and affordable
Lessen the burden
No worries on the findings
A new therapeutics added
MoHE accepted the degrees
MoPH supports in practice
6/5/2012 HIMS Cooperative 61
61. Regulation of Homeopathic Medicine in Afghanistan
Faculty for Homeopathic Medical System in Kabul
Medical University under MoHE
Integrating Homeopathic Medical System into
Afghanistan Health Care System
Directorate of Homeopathic Medical System in MoPH
Support Establish Homeopathic Hospitals in
Afghanistan for nation’s good
6/5/2012 HIMS Cooperative 62
62. Separate Directorate for Homeopathic
Medical System in MoPH
License DHMS and BHMS doctors as
Homeopathic Medicine Doctors
Establish Hospital rules and regulations
Establish Homeopathic Units in Already
Existing Govt Hospitals
Issue permits for the Homeopathic Medicine
to be imported
6/5/2012 HIMS Cooperative 63
63. In great need
Lack of Expertise and Time Consuming
CTTC-Medical Department Support
All activities till the support from MoPH
Bureaucratic Support
Space Allocation by MoPH
Memorandum of Understanding
6/5/2012 HIMS Cooperative 64
64. Presented to you on
behalf of HIMS
Cooperative
Thank You Very Much
Afghanistan Homeopathic Artin Arts Group AMERICAN MEDICAL COLLEGE Bjain Pharmamaciuticals .Inc
Champion Technical Training Center
CTTC-Main Office Medical Association AHMA-Main Cythia Artin OF HOMEOPATHY Corporate Office1921/10,
Dr.Jayne
+93 (0) 775-757-037 abdul.nasir@cttc- Office cynthia@artinarts.com
af.org, http://www.cttc-af.org +93 (0) 775-757-037 1951 W. Camelback, Suite 300. Chuna Mandi, Paharganj The Complementary
New York USA New Delhi – 110055, (INDIA)
Skype: drabnasir/dr.qayyumi Adress:
Shahr-e- Naw, Haji Yaqoob
drabnasir@gmail.com
Mobile 845 480 6134 Phoenix, AZ 85015 Tel: +91-11- 4567 1000 Medical Association
www.wix.com/drabnasir/ahma 602-347-7950; 602-864-2949(fax) Fax: +91-11- 4567 1010
Square, Street #3, House #43, Behind Skype: drabnasir/dr.qayyumi Skype cynthiaartin
Finest Super Market Across From
Adress: Shahr-e- Naw, Haji www.artinarts.com info@AMCofH.org Email: info@bjain.com
German Club, Kabul, Afghanistan
Yaqoob Square, Kabul, Afg http://www.amcofh.org Website: www.bjain.com The-CMA.Org.UK
Editor's Notes
Hippocrates- 450–380 BCEFather of MedicineMandrake Root- Cause ManiaSmall amounts cured"Natural forces within us are the true healers of disease"---Paracelsus 1493-1541Pioneer of pharmacology“What makes a man ill also cures him“New Properties of Drugs
A holistic therapeutic system means Homeopathic Medicine individualizes the choice of medicines to a particular remedy, according to the patient’s physical, emotional and mental symptoms. This notion of Homeopathic Medicine aligns this system with the WHO standards in health.herbalismSyllabification: (her·bal·ism)Pronunciation: /ˈ(h)ərbəˌlizəm/Definition of herbalismnounthe study or practice of the medicinal and therapeutic use of plants, now especially as a form of alternative medicine.herbalism in other Oxford dictionariesDefinition of herbalism in the dictionary British & World Englishhttp://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/american_english/herbalism?q=herbalism allopathySyllabification: (al·lop·a·thy)Pronunciation: /əˈläpəTHē/Definition of allopathynounthe treatment of disease by conventional means, i.e., with drugs having opposite effects to the symptoms. Often contrasted with homeopathy.
a. Founder of Homeopathic Medical SystemHahnemann was the man of logic who discovered Homeopathic Medicine while he was already left practicing Allopathic Medicine. This departure from Allopathic Medicine was due to the disadvantages and lack in the system to cure. He discovered Homeopathic Medicine in 1796 the 18th century and became father of Homeopathic Medicine. (See the Annex A for Biography)b. Organon Of Medicinei. Aphorismatic Styleii. Whole Fundamentalsiii. Philosophical Backgroundsiv. Methodology v. Special Instructions vi. Homeopathic Medicine Pharmacy vii. Drug Proving c. MateriaMedicaPurai. Drug provingii. Symptomatologyiii. Actions on human body and organsiv. Collected and composed by Dr. Hahnemannv. All are noted by the provers, indexed properly in sequence, from most important to less important, rare, uncommon, strange, unusual symptoms etcvi. Information collected about the action of medicines, proved on human body d. Chronic Diseasesi. Miasma Theory ii. Introduced to three miasma Psora, Sycosis, Syphilisiii. Cause of chronic illnessiv. Treatment of this conditionv. Selecting Anti-psoric, Anti-sycotic, Anti-syphilitic medicines e. Lesser Writings i. Articles during his period of an allopathic physicianii. Works related with the chemistry and translationsiii. Directions for curing old sores & indolent ulcersiv. Exact mode of preparation of soluble mercuryv. Pharmaceutical Lexicon (German name of drugs are used)
According to homeopathy, 'disease-producing' properties of drug substances decide their 'disease-curing' properties. That is the basis of therapeutic principle 'similiasimilibuscurentur'.'Disease-producing' properties of substances are decided by the constituent chemical molecules they contain. It is the constituent molecules that interact with biological molecules in the organism, producing pathological molecular inhibitions which are expressed through diverse types of subjective and objective symptoms.'Disease-producing' properties of drug substances can be understood in its totality only by administering them in healthy individuals and observing the symptoms produced, which represent the exact molecular level inhibitions caused by them in the organism. This process is called 'drug proving'.
PreventionHomeopathy has also proven itself invaluable in preventing illness. In the 1957 polio epidemic in Buenos Aires, the homeopathic remedy Lathyrus was given to thousands of people. Not one case of polio was reported in these individuals.In a 1974 epidemic of meningicoccal meningitis in Brazil, 18,640 children were given a homeopathic remedy for prevention. Only 4 cases of meningitis occurred in these children.In the smallpox epidemic of 1902 in Iowa, the homeopathic remedy Variolinum was given preventively to 2,806 patients of 15 doctors. The protection rate was 97%.Source:http://hpathy.com/abc-homeophttp:/hpathy.com/abc-homeopathy/what-is-homeopathy-definition-and-details/athy/what-is-homeopathy-definition-and-details/http://hpathy.com/search-results/?cx=partner-pub-3412376230258577:3344987352&cof=FORID:10&ie=UTF-8&q=Agro-Homeopathy&sa=%E2%87%92http://hpathy.com/abc-homeopathy/what-is-homeopathy-definition-and-details/
Sources of Homeopathic Medicine1. Animal Kingdoma. Phylum PoriferaCalcispongiae - Badiaga: Fresh water sponge (Skeleton) Spongiatosta: Common sponge (Skeleton) b. Phylum CoelenterataScyphozoa - Medusa: Jelly-fish (Whole living animal)Hydrozoa - Physalia: Portuguese man-of-war (Whole living animal Anthozoa - Coralliumrubrum: Red coral (Skeleton)c. Phylum AnnelidaHirudineae - Sanguisuga: Hirudo, the leech (Whole living animal)d. Phylum MolluscaGastropoda - Helix tosta: Toasted snail (Whole living animal) - Murex purpurea: Purple-fish (Juices)Bivalvia - Calcareacalcinata: Calcinatedoystershell (Shell) - Pectin: Scallop (Shell)Cephalopoda - Sepia: Cuttle fish (Juice) - Eel serum (Serum)e. Phylum EchinodermataAsteroidea - Asteriasrubens: Star-fish (Whole living animal)f. Phylum ArthropodaCrustaceaArmadillo officinalis: Sow bug, Sow louse (Whole dried animal)Astacusfluviatilis : Crawfish or River crab (Whole living animal)Homarus: Lobster (Digestive fluid)Limulus cyclops: King crab (Blood)Scolopendra: Centipede (Whole living animal)g. Phylum ArthropodaArachnidaAraneadiadema: The Cross spider (Whole living animal)Latrodectus katipo: Poison spider (Whole living animal)Latrodectusmactans: Black widow spider (Whole living animal)Mygalelasiodora: Black Cuban spider (Whole living animal)Scorpio europus: Scorpion (Whole living animal)Tarentulacubensis: Cuban spider (Whole living animal)Tarentulahispanica: Spanish spider (Whole living animal)Theridioncurassavicum: Orange spider (Whole living animal)h. Phylum Arthropoda - InsectaApismellifica: Honeybee (Whole living animal)Blattaorientalis: Indian cockroach (Whole dried animal)Cantharis: Spanish fly (Whole dried animal)Cimexacanthia: Bedbug (Whole living animal)Coccinella: Ladybird beetle (Whole living animal)Coccus cacti: Cochineal insect (Whole dried animal)Culexmusca: Culex mosquito (Whole living animal)Formica rufa: The Ant (Whole living animal)i. PiscesSerum anguillarichthotoxin: Eel serum (serum)Gadusmorrhua: Cod (First cervical vertebra)Oleumjecorisaselli: Cod-liver oil (Oil) Pyrarara: River fish (nosode) (Whole living animal)j. AmphibiaBuforana: Toad (poison)k. LizardsAmphisbaena vermicularis: Snake-like Lizard (Poison)Heloderma: Gila monster (Poison)Lacertaagilis: Green Lizard (Whole dried animal)Ophidia (Snake Poison)Bothropslanceolatus: Yellow viper Cenchriscontortrix: Copperhead snake Crotalushorridus: North American RattlesnakeElapscorallinus: Brazilian Coral snakeLachesistrigonocephalus: SurukukuNajatripudians: Indian hooded snakeToxicophis: Moccasin snakeVipera: Common Viperl. AvesCalcareaovitestae: Egg-shell (Shell)Ovigallinaepellicula: Fresh membrane of shell of a Hen's egg (Shell)m. MammaliaCarboanimalis – made from charred ox hide.Castor equi – Rudimentary thumbnail of horse.Castroreum – Tincture of secretion found in preputial sacs of beaver.Feltauri – Trituration of ox gall.Ingluvin – Gizzard of a fowl.Mephatis – Alcoholic dilution of the liquid contained in the anal gland of Skunk.Moschus – trituration of inspissated secretion contained in preputial follicles of Musk deer.Pulmovulpis – fresh lung of wolf or fox.n. Lacs(Milk & Milk Products)Koumyss: Fermentation from ass's milkLac caninum: Bitch's milkLac defloratum: Skimmed cow's milk Lac felinum: Cat's milk Lac vaccinifloc: CreamLac vaccinum: Cow's milkLac vaccinumcoagulatum: Curds2. Mineral Kingdoma. MetalsArgentum met; Aurum met; Bismuthum; Cuprum met; Ferrum met; Indium; Iridium; Manganum; Niccolum; Osmium; Palladium; Platinum; Plumbum met; Rhodium; Stannum met; Tellurium; Thallium; Titanium.b. Inorganic acidsAcidumboracicum; Acidumhydrobromicum; Acidumhydrofluoricum; Acidummuriaticum; Acidumnitricum; Acidum nitro muriaticum; Acidumphosphoricum; Acidumsulphuricumc. InorganicCalcareaarsenicum; Calcareabromatum; Calcareacarbonicun; Calcareafluorata; Calcareahypophosphorosum; Calcareaiodatum; Calcarealacticaphosphorica; Calcareamuriaticum;; Calcareaphosphoricum; Calcareapicricum; Calcareasulphuratum; Heparsulphuris; Lapis albusd. OrganicAethylnitrosum; Amylenumnitrosum; Anilinum; Atropinum; Benzenum; Camphora; Carboneumsulphuratum; Chloralum; Chloroformum; Formalin; Glonoinum; Glycerinum; Indigo; Iodoformum; Menthol; Methylene blue; Naphthalinum; Paraffinum; PetroleumPixliquida; Propylamine; Sulphanilamide; Sulphonal; Thiosinaminum; Thymolum; Trinitrotoluene; Urea; Uric acid.Adamas; Aethiopsantimonalis; Anthracite; Anthrakokali; Antipyrinum; Benzoaris; Eupionum; Fluorspar; Graphites; Hekla lava; Ichthyolum; Kaolin; Kerosolenum; Kreosotum; Mica; Slag; Tetradymite.e. Mineral springsCarlsbad: The waters of the Sprudel and Muhlbrunnen springs.Levico: An arsenical mineral water of South TyorolSanicula: A mineral spring water of Ottawa, Ill., U.S.A. Skookum Chuck: SkookumLimechen Chuck Lake.Vichy: Mineral springs at Vichy, France [Grande-Grille springs}.Wiesbaden: The spring at Wiesbaden, in Prussia.3. Vegetable Kingdom (Plant Kingdom)a. WHOLE PLANTWithout roots - Alfalfa, Lobelia inflata, Ocimum sanctum, Ranunculus sceleratusWith roots - Aconitum napellus, Aethusacynapium, Arnica montana, Belladonna, Chamomilla, Chelidoniummajus, Conium, Drosera, Dulcamara, Euphrasia, Hyoscyamus, Hypericum, Ledumpalustre, Pulsatilla, Rutagraveolens, Spigelia, Stramoniumb. ROOTSFresh : Arum triphyllum, Bryonia albaDried : Ipecacuanha, RatanhiaAerial : FicusindicaRoot & rhizome : Aletris farinosec. STEMSFlowering stem: Cactus grandiflorusStem with leaves: Clematis erecta, SabinaRhizome: Gelsemium, Helleborus, Podophyllum, Sanguinariacanadensis, Veratrum album, VeratrumvirideCorm: Colchicum autumnale, Crocus sativusBulb: Alliumcepa, Alliumsativumd. LEAVESDried: Coca, Eucalyptus, Tabacum, GymnemasylvestreFresh: Digitalis purpurea, Rhustox, Justiciaadhatida, Kalmia latifolia, Ficusreligiosae. YOUNG SHOOTSAsparagus officinalis, Pinussylvestrisf. FLOWERSFlower bud: PrunusspinosaStigma: Crocus sativusFlowering heads (with leaves): Calendula, Eupatorium perfoliatumFlowering heads (without leaves): Cannabis sativa, cina, Melilotus alba, Solidagog. SEEDSFresh : Avena sativa, Cucurbitapepo, Ignatia, SyzygiumjambolanumDried: Cocculusindicus, Coffeacruda, Nuxmoschata, Nuxvomica, Sabadilla, Staphysagria, Carduusmarianus.h. BARKFresh outer bark: Abies Canadensis, Salix nigra, Viburunumopulus, Dried outer bark: Cinchona, Mezereum, CondurangaInner bark: Cinnamomum, Fraxinus Americana, PrunusvirginianaFresh bark of root: Baptisiatinctoria, Berberisvulgaris, HamamelisDried bark of root: GossypiumBark of root and stem: RobiniaBark of trees: Azadhirachtaindica, Jonosiaasoka, Terminaliaarjunai. FRUITS Fresh fruits (berry) – Agnuscastus, Crataegus, SabalserrulataFresh leaves and berries – Viscum albumDried fruits (Nuts) - AesculusglabraPulp – Carica papayaJuices : Aloe socotrina (Inspissated juice of leaves), Opium (gummy juice of poppy), Anacardiumoccidentale (black oily juice of shell). Resins: Abiesnigra, GuaicumGum-resins: AsafoetidaBalsams : BalsamumperuvianumVolatile oils: Oleumsantali, Oleum gaultheriaFixed oils : Oleumcrotonis, OleumricinisAlkaloids : Atropine, Morphine, NicotinumGlycosides : Digitalinj. CRYPTOGAMIAThallophyta : Algae – Fucusvesiculosus Fungi - Agaricusmuscarius, Bovista, Secalecor, Ustilago Lichen – StictapulmonariaBryophyta: - PolytrichumjuniperinumPteriophyta: – Lycopodium (Spore), Equisetum hymale4. Impondribillia- Immaterial 'dynamic' energies that are utilized as potentized homoeopathic medicines. (Aphorism 286, 6th edition, Organon of Medicine)a. Natural source Luna - moon's rays Sol - sun's raysMagnetispoli ambo – the magnetMagnetispolusarcticus – North Pole of magnetMagnetispolusaustralis – South Pole of magnetb. Man-made sourceX-rayElectricitas – Atmospheric & static Galvanismus – galvanism5. NosodesHomoeopathic preparations from pure microbial culture obtained from diseased tissue and clinical materials (secretions, discharges, etc.) are known as NOSODES. CLASSIFICATION OF NOSODESN-I - Made from lysates of microorganisms capable of producing bacterial endotoxins. Eg. TyphoidinumN-II - Made from microorganisms capable of producing exotoxinEg. DiptherinumN-III - Made from purified toxins.N-IV - Made from microorganisms / viruses / clinical materials from diseased subjects eg. PsorinumAnthracinum – Anthrax poison, prepared from spleen of sheep or cattle.Carcinosinum – Cancerous tissueDiphtherinum – Diphtheric membraneMedorrhinum – Urethral discharge from acute gonorrhoeaPsorinum – Itch eruptionSyphilinum – Syphilitic lesion – Primary or Secondary.a. Plant NosodesSecalecornutum - Fungus growing upon seed of ergot ryeUstilagomaydis - Fungus growing on stem of Indian cornNectrianinum - Nosode of cancer of tree (Nectriaditissima)b. Other NosodesAmbraGrisea - Morbid secretion from liver of sperm whale. It is extracted from rectum and found floating on sea.Boletus Laricis - prepared from dried fungus purging Agaric / Larch Boletus.Cholesterinum– prepared from gall stone.Calculus renalis – prepared from renal calculus.Hippomanes – prepared from a sticky mucoid substance of urinousodour found in the amniotic fluid of the mare.Malaria officinalis – Prepared from mire taken during dryness of a malarial marsh.Malandrinum – lysate from exudates of horse malandra (grease) – discharge of eczema in the fold of the knee.Morbillinum – from exudates of mouth and pharynx of measles of infected patients.O.A.N – synovial fluid of articulations especially knee and hip of osteoarthritis patients.Pyrogenum – prepared originally from decomposition of meat of beef.Usneabarbata – prepared from lichen infecting soft maple.Vaccinonum – prepared from the lymph of cow pox.Variolinum – lysate obtained from the serosity of smallpox pustule.c. CarcinosinsEpitheliomine – extract of epithelioma.Schirrinum - Carcinoma schirrus (Stomach)Carcinocin - Hepatica metastat.Carcinocinadenovesica – papillary adenocarcinoma of bladder.Carcinosinpulmonale – pulmonary cancer.d. TuberculinumsTuberculinum avis – prepared from Mycobacterium tuberculosis aviare.Tuberculinumbovinum – prepared from the pus of tuberculosis abscess in animal.Tuberculinum Koch – culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosisBacillinum Burnett – from the sputum of tuberculosis patients containing the bacteria.Bacillinumtestium prepared from the testicle of tuberculosis patient.e. Bowel NosodesMorgan (Bach) - Morgan Pure- Morgan GaertnerProteus MutabileBacillus no.7GaertnerDysentery-coSycotic-coFaecalis6. SarcodesSarcodes are preparations from the secretions of healthy organisms, healthy animal tissues and secretions. ThyroidinumAdrenalinePituitarumposteriumCortisoneAdrenocorticotrophinInsulinPepsin OrchitinumOophorinumPancreatinumCholesterinumFeltauriVulpisfelColostrum7. TautopathicCompounds synthesized, that have found a place in allopathic system of medicine, are potentized, proved on healthy provers and administered on the Similia principle. This category of drugs is termed as ‘synthetic’. ExamplesAspirinChloramphenicolChlorpromazinumCorticotrophinHistamine hydrochlorideMannitolPenicillin8. Collection & Preservation of Plant Drugs – a. WHOLE PLANT: In flowering season, when partly in flower and partly in bud during sunny weatherb. ROOTS: ANNUALS: Early in autumn. BIENNIALS: In the spring of the second year.PERENNIALS: In the second or third year, before they develop woody fibers.STEMS: After development of leaves.c. WOOD: In early spring or late in autumn before the juices are not exhausted. d. BARKS: RESIN: In early spring, at the time of development of leaves and blossoms.NON-RESIN: Late in autumn from young vigorous trees. e. HERBS: When they are fully developed, should be cut just above roots.f. LEAVES: g. Just before and during early part of flowering time. Leaves of biennial plants are collected in spring of second year as soon as flowering stems begin to shoot. TWIGS: Of present year's growth only.h. FLOWERS: Partly in bud and partly in blossom, in dry weatheri. BULBS: As soon as they mature when the leaves begin to decayj. FRUITS AND SEEDS: When they are fully riped. Succulent fruits, seeds or berries should be used while fresh. Only dried fruits, seeds or berries may be stored in well closed glass container.9. Phytochemistry – active principles of plant drugsThe active principles of a drug are the potent constituents of the drug that is individual to the drug and are responsible for the pharmacodynamic action of the drug.a. GLYCOSIDESGlycosides are non-reducing organic substances. They are colourless, crystalline or amorphous solid substances soluble in water and alcohol. The name of all glycosides ends in ‘in’.Digitalis - digitoxin, digoxin, digitalinMezereum - daphin.Cinchona - quinovin.Aesculushippocastanum - aesculetinRutagraveolens - rutin.Thujaoccidentalis - thujin, thujetin, thujenin.b. TANNINSTannins consist of complex, organic, non- nitrogenous, phenolic compounds of high molecular weight. They possess the property to 'tan', i.e. to convert hide and skin into leather. Hydrolyzable tannins: Rheum, HamamelisCondensed tannins: Cinnamon, CinchonaPseudotannins: Nuxvomica, Ipecacuanhac. RESINSResins are plant exudates, except shellac or lac, which the lac-insect prepares from plant juices. Resins associated with volatile oil are called oleo-resins. Resins in association with both volatile oil and gum are called oleo-gum- resins. If the resins contain benzoic acid and / or cinnamic acid and / or their esters, they are called balsams.Gum-resins - AsafoetidaLignan - Podophyllum: podophyllotoxind. ALKALOIDSAlkaloids are organic nitrogenous substances, more or less alkaline in action and are the secondary metabolites of a plant. Belladonna: atropine, apoatropineStramonium: hyoscyamine, hyoscine.Cinchona: quinine, quinidine, cinchonineIpecacuanha: emetineOpium: morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverineSecalecornutum: ergometrine, ergotamineNuxvomica: strychnine, brucineConium maculatum: coniineAconitum napellus: aconitine, benzoylaconineColchicum autumnale: colchicinee. VOLATILE OILSVolatile oils are odorous constituents of plants. They are liquid and volatile with a characteristic smell. They are characteristic of certain orders such as Labiatae, Rutaceae, Myrtaceae, Lauraceae, Piperaceae and Zingiberaceae. Menthapiperita : Peppermint oilCamphora : CamphorNuxmoschata : Nutmeg oilEucalyptus : Eucalyptus oilSantalum album : Sandalwood oilf. FIXED OILS, FATS AND WAXESFixed oils and fats, obtained from plants, differ only as regards their melting point but chemically they belong to the same group. If a substance is liquid at 15.5° to 16.5°, it is called fixed oil and if it is solid or semi-solid at the above temperature, it is called fat. Ricinuscomunis: Castor oilCroton tiglium : Croton oilHydnocarpus : Hydnocarpus oil10. Collection & Preservation of Animal KingdomVenoms are obtained from serological laboratories and are quickly dry-freezed and preserved in glycerin.Elapscorallinus : The venom is collected by compressing a butter-plate against the fangs or by letting the snake bite through a cloth covering a wide-mouth bottle.a. Lachesis: The living snake is stunned with a blow; the venom is then collected on sugar of milk by pressing the poison fang upwards against the bag.Crotalushorridus, Najatripudians, Vipera :Venom is procured by compressing the gland when the serpent is either pinioned in a frame or under the influence of chloroform.b. Buforana:The live animal is fastened to a slab of cork by four strong pins stuck through the webs of the feet. The poles of an induction apparatus in action are slowly drawn over the back of the animal, whereupon the poison very soon issues from the dorsal glands.c. Cantharis:In May or June when the insects swarm upon the trees, they are collected in the morning at sunrise, when they are torpid from the cold of night and easily let go their hold.. Person with their faces protected by masks and their hand with gloves shakes the tree or beat with poles. The insects are collected as they fall upon linen cloths spread underneath. They are then exposed in sieves to the vapour of boiling vinegar and having been thus deprived of life, are dried in the sun or in apartments heated by stoves.Homoeopathic Vehicles and BasesHomoeopathic vehicles are material agents that are therapeutically inert, having no curative properties of its own, as well as chemically non-reactive with drug substances. They are a media for extraction of the properties of the drug, its preservation and conveyance of the properties of the drug to the intended site of action.Classification of homoeopathic vehiclesSolid vehicles – Sugar of milk Cane sugarGlobules and PilulesPelletsConesTabletsLiquid vehicles - Distilled water AlcoholGlycerin Solvent etherSyrup simplex Olive oilAlmond oil Almond oilSesame oil Chaulmoogra oilCoconut oil Sandalwood oilLavender oil Rosemary oilSemi-solid vehicles-Paraffin: Hard Paraffin; Soft Paraffin [Yellow soft paraffin, White soft paraffin];Liquid ParaffinBeeswax: Yellow beeswax; White beeswaxLanolin Spermaceti Prepared lardIsinglassSoap: Hard soap; Soft soap; Curd soap,Starch Vehicles for preparation of mother tincture, mother solution, mother substance-AlcoholDistilled waterGlycerinSolvent etherSugar of milkVehicles for potentization-Sugar of milkAlcoholDistilled waterVehicles for dispensing of Homoeopathic medicines-Globules, PilulesConesTabletsSugar of milkDistilled waterSyrup simplexVehicles as bases for external applications-Distilled water AlcoholGlycerin Olive oilAlmond oil Sesame oilChaulmoogra oil Coconut oilSandalwood oil Lavender oil Rosemary oil Paraffin Beeswax Lanolin Spermaceti Prepared lardIsinglass Soap Starch13. Saccharumlactis(saccharum lactose, sugar of milk)Chemical formula: C12H22O11, H2OMolecular weight: 360.3 Source: goat's milkStapfs process of purification of saccharum lactose (John Ernst Stapf) Steps 450gm. sl +2 liters of boiling water filter using filter paper filtrate+ 2 liters of absolute alcohol keep for 3-4 days crystals deposits add some alcohol to crystallized mass and wash in purified water crystals are diluted by pouring through filter paper and kept airtight .Stable in air, but readily absorbs odors.1gm is soluble in 5ml of water; in 2.6ml of boiling water; very slightly soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in chloroform and in ether.Its solution is neutral to litmus.Impurities are Starch, Cane sugar, Acid radical, Alum, Chloride, Phosphates, and Copper.14. Globules are prepared from pure cane sugar (pharmaceutical grade of cane sugar / sucrose) with globule making pan or pill tubes.It is sometimes made with 80% sucrose and 20% lactose.Molecular weight – 342.3Colour: whiteShape: uniform and perfectly globular Size: Size numbers 40, 50, 60, 70 or 80 are generally called pilules. The smaller sizes are called globules.Consistency: not be too soft or too hardOdor: odorlessTaste: sweet, as it is made from cane sugarSolubility: entirely soluble in waterDispensing of homoeopathic potencies as well as placebo. For preservation of homoeopathic medicines.Globules are to be kept in airtight bottles and kept away from moisture.The globules retain their medicinal value for many years, if protected against sunlight and heat.Impurities are Flavour, Starch, Glucose, Glycerin, Talc, Chalk, Kaolin, Antioxidants, inorganic & whitening agents.Pellets are small, sterile cylinders about 3.2 mm diameter by 8mm in length that are formed by compression from medicated masses. In Homoeopathy, it is a synonym for globule. 15. Cones - Source - Cane sugar and egg albumin Conical in shape Size - by the diameter of base in millimeter; common size - 6For preservation of medicines for a long time.16. Tablet -source Pure refined sugar of milk. Prepared by tablet punching machine.Shape: discoid, round with flat or convex faceSize: In size of 1grain or 65 mgConsistency: softer than globulesLactose content – not less than 94%Binder – not exceeding 3%w/wLubricant – not exceeding 3% w/wInsoluble matter – not exceeding 5% w/wDisintegration time – with in 5 minutes.Ash value – 0.5% w/wTablets serve as solid dosage forms for dispensing of homoeopathic medicines.17. Distilled WaterSynonym: Purified water; Aqua distillata; Aqua purificataChemical symbol: H2OMolecular weight: 18.015Prepared by Compression distillation – using Leibigs condenser (Small scale).Purification by Stills – Conventional Stills & Multiple effect Still.Deionization- Cation exchangers (Zeokarb 225, Amberlite IR 120 resin) Anion exchangers (Amberlite IR 400, DeAcidite FF, Zeolite FF resin)Specific gravity – 1.000 at 25C.Boiling point – 100CFreezing point – 0C pH - 5.8 – 7 Impurities – Acidity or Alkalinity, iron, lead, Ammonia, Chloride, Sulphate, CalciumFor preparation of aqueous mother solutions according to Class VA and Class VB.It is used to convert solid trituration potency into a liquid potency for succussions. To prepare mother solution for LM scale.18. Ethyl Alcohol. Synonym: Ethanol; Spirit of Wine; Chemical symbol: C2H5OHMolecular weight: 46.07 Prepared byDistillation of fermented liquids containing carbohydrates or by synthesis. It contains not less than 94.7%v/v or 92.0%w/w and not more than 95.2%v/v or 92.7%w/w of ethyl alcohol.Usable carbohydrate -containing materials include molasses, sugarcane, beetroot, grapes, fruit juices, corn, barley, wheat, rice, maize, potato, wood and waste sulphite liquors. Impurities in alcohol are acid, fusel oil, water, methyl alcohol.Varieties of Alcohol:Absolute alcohol – Prepared by dehydration of rectified spirit with fresh quick lime or by distillation of rectified spirit, mixed with little benzeneContains not less than 99.4%v/v or 99%w/w of ethyl alcohol. Specific gravity – 0.795.It is used in Stapf process for the purification of sugar of milk.Dispensing alcohol –Prepared by diluting 947ml of strong alcohol to 1000ml with purified water Contains 91.4%v/v (limit 91.0 to 92.0%v/v) of ethyl alcohol Specific gravity: 0.8289 to 0.8319 Dispensing alcohol is used for making most of the dilutions from tinctures, in Centesimal and Decimal scale, preparation of potencies of fifty millesimal scale and conversion of solid triturations into liquid potencies.Dilute alcohol – Prepared by diluting 632ml of strong alcohol to 1000ml with purified water.Contains 60%v/v (limit 59.5% to 60.5%v/v) of ethyl alcohol Specific gravity: 0.9139 to 0.9169After conversion of solid trituration, 6X potency to 8X in the liquid form, the next higher potency 9X is prepared with dilute alcohol (HPI).Dilute alcohol is used to prepare 1X and 1C potencies from the mother tincture prepared according to Old Hahnemannian Method, prepare evaporating lotions and cleansing of utensils.Proof Spirit - It is legally defined as being a spirit, which at a temperature of 51oF shall weigh exactly 12/13th of weight of an equal measure of distilled water. Specific gravity: 0.91976 Contains 57.1% of ethyl alcohol by volume and 49.28% of ethyl alcohol by weight.Spirit of this strength is called 100% Proof Spirit. So 57.1% by volume of Spirit is equivalent to 100% Proof Spirit. Weaker spirits are termed as 'Under Proof - U.P.' and stronger spirits are termed as 'Over Proof - O.P.'. Conversion of % concentration to proof strength and vice versa20o OP = 120 / 1.75 = 68.57%60o OP = 160 / 1.75 = 91.42%10o UP = 90 / 1.75 = 51.4%91.42% = (91.42 X 1.75) - 100 = 60 i.e. 60 OP60% = (60 X 1.75) - 100 = 5 i.e. 5 OP40% = (40 X 1.75) - 100 = – 30 i.e. 30 UPRectified Spirit 60 O.P. means Pure Rectified Spirit containing 160 percent of Proof Spirit.Specific gravity: 0.829.Contains 91.29 % by volume of ethyl alcohol. 19. Glycerin - Chemical formula: CH2OH CHOH CH2OH or C3H8O3Molecular weight: 92.09Boiling point – 290CSpecific gravity – 1.26For the preservation of poisonous animal products and venom of snakes.For preparation of glyceroles and lotions.For preparation of mother tinctures of Apismellifica, Tarantula, etc.20. Solvent Ether- : (C2H5)2O – Mol Wt: 74.1221. Oils -Olive oil - Oleumolivae - A fixed oil obtained from ripe fruits of Oleaeuropea. Pale Yellow colour (green to greenish yellow), Spf. gr. – 0.910 – 0.913 at 20C.Almond oil - Oleumamygdalaeexpressum - : A fixed oil obtained from kernels of seeds of Prunusamygdalus.Pale yellow colour, Spf. gr - 0.910 – 0.915 at 20C.Sesame oil - Oleumsesami; Gingelly oil - : A fixed oil obtained from seeds of Sesamumindicum. Pale yellow colour, faint odour, Spf. gr - 0.916 – 0.921 at 20C.Chaulmoogra oil - Oleumchaulmoograe - A fixed oil expressed from fresh ripe seeds of Hydnocarpuskurzii or Hydnocarpuswightiana.Brownish yellow colour, rancid butter odour. Sandal wood oil - Oleumsantali-: A volatile oil obtained from dried heartwood of Santalum album Thick, pale yellow colour, strongly aromatic odour, Spf. gr - 0.973 – 0.985 at 20C.Lavender oil - Oleumlavendulae - : A volatile oil obtained from fresh flowering tops of Lavendulaofficinalis.Yellowish green colour, Spf. gr - 0.875 – 0.888 at 25C. Rosemary oil - : Oleumrosmarini - A volatile oil prepared from fresh flowering tops of Rosmarinusofficinalis. Pale yellow colour, characteristic odour of rosemary, Spf. gr - 0.894– 0.912 at 20C.
· SuccussionLiquids are diluted (with water or ethanol) and shaken by ten hard strikes against an elastic body ("succussion"), to get the next, higher potency. A principle of homeopathic Medicine, the efficacy of a remedy can be enhanced by "dynamization" or "potentization". According to Homeopathic Medicine, it is the structure of the water that is altered carrying the medicinal power to the body as a vehicle.The succussion (shaking) between each liquid dilution is described in the Organon § 270 as ‘strong succussions with the hand against a hard but elastic object e.g. a leather bound book.’ The number of shakes given to each dilution changed as Hahnemann developed his methods. He began with ten shakes then reduced to two then went back to ten later in his life when giving remedies in liquid form only. The LM potencies involve 100 succussions and are mentioned in the last (6th) edition of the Organon. Modern pharmacopoeias do not specify the number to use although the early British (1870) and American (1882) clearly give 10 strokes as a guide.· TriturationTrituration is the solid equivalent of liquid dilution and succussion using lactose as the inert solid diluent. The original method detailing this method is best described in MateriMedicaPura under Arsenicum. The original text is as follows: “In order to prepare this dose, one grain of white arsenic reduced to powder, is rubbed up with 33 grains of powdered milk-sugar in a porcelain mortar (unglazed) with an unglazed pestle for 6 minutes, and the triturated contents of the mortar is scraped for 4 minutes with a porcelain spatula, then rubbed a second time, without any addition to it for 6 minutes. and again scraped for 4 minutes. To this 33 grains of milk-sugar are now added, triturated for 6 minutes and after another 4 minutes of scraping, 6 minutes of triturating and again 4 minutes of scraping, the last 33 grains of milk sugar are added, triturated for 6 minutes, scraped for 4 minutes and again triturated for 6 minutes, whereby, after a last scraping, a powder is produced which, in every grain, contains 1/100th of a grain of uniformly potentised arsenic. A grain of this powder, is in a similar way with 33 grains of fresh milk sugar, in one hour (36 minutes of triturating, 24 minutes of scraping) brought into the state of potentisedpulverulent attenuation, one hundred times more diluted. Of this one grain (containing 1/10,000 the of a grain of arsenic) is rubbed up for a third hour in a similar manner with 99 grains of milk sugar: This represents an arsenic dilution of one part in a million. One grain of this is dissolved in 100 drops of diluted alcohol (in the proportion of equal parts of water and alcohol) and shaken with two succussions of the arm (the vial being held in the hand). This gives a solution which diluted by means of 26 more phials (always one drop from the previous phial added to 99 drops of alcohol of the next phial, and then succussed twice, before taking one drop of this and dropping it into the next phial, furnishes the required decillionth (30th) potency.”For vegetable materials, salts and insoluble solids e.g Aurum Metallicum (gold metal), Arsenicum Album, Mercury Vivus (mercury metal) potentized by grinding with lactose is called Trituration.
Homoeopathic Vehicles and BasesHomoeopathic vehicles are material agents that are therapeutically inert, having no curative properties of its own, as well as chemically non-reactive with drug substances. They are a media for extraction of the properties of the drug, its preservation and conveyance of the properties of the drug to the intended site of action.Classification of homoeopathic vehiclesSolid vehicles – Sugar of milk Cane sugarGlobules and PilulesPelletsConesTabletsLiquid vehicles - Distilled water AlcoholGlycerin Solvent etherSyrup simplex Olive oilAlmond oil Almond oilSesame oil Chaulmoogra oilCoconut oil Sandalwood oilLavender oil Rosemary oilSemi-solid vehicles-Paraffin: Hard Paraffin; Soft Paraffin [Yellow soft paraffin, White soft paraffin];Liquid ParaffinBeeswax: Yellow beeswax; White beeswaxLanolin Spermaceti Prepared lardIsinglassSoap: Hard soap; Soft soap; Curd soap,Starch Vehicles for preparation of mother tincture, mother solution, mother substance-AlcoholDistilled waterGlycerinSolvent etherSugar of milkVehicles for potentization-Sugar of milkAlcoholDistilled waterVehicles for dispensing of Homoeopathic medicines-Globules, PilulesConesTabletsSugar of milkDistilled waterSyrup simplexVehicles as bases for external applications-Distilled water AlcoholGlycerin Olive oilAlmond oil Sesame oilChaulmoogra oil Coconut oilSandalwood oil Lavender oil Rosemary oil Paraffin Beeswax Lanolin Spermaceti Prepared lardIsinglass Soap StarchSaccharumlactis(saccharum lactose, sugar of milk)Chemical formula: C12H22O11, H2OMolecular weight: 360.3 Source: goat's milkStapfs process of purification of saccharum lactose (John Ernst Stapf) Steps 450gm. sl +2 liters of boiling water filter using filter paper filtrate+ 2 liters of absolute alcohol keep for 3-4 days crystals deposits add some alcohol to crystallized mass and wash in purified water crystals are diluted by pouring through filter paper and kept airtight .Stable in air, but readily absorbs odors.1gm is soluble in 5ml of water; in 2.6ml of boiling water; very slightly soluble in alcohol; practically insoluble in chloroform and in ether.Its solution is neutral to litmus.Impurities are Starch, Cane sugar, Acid radical, Alum, Chloride, Phosphates, and Copper.14. Globules are prepared from pure cane sugar (pharmaceutical grade of cane sugar / sucrose) with globule making pan or pill tubes.It is sometimes made with 80% sucrose and 20% lactose.Molecular weight – 342.3Colour: whiteShape: uniform and perfectly globular Size: Size numbers 40, 50, 60, 70 or 80 are generally called pilules. The smaller sizes are called globules.Consistency: not be too soft or too hardOdor: odorlessTaste: sweet, as it is made from cane sugarSolubility: entirely soluble in waterDispensing of homoeopathic potencies as well as placebo. For preservation of homoeopathic medicines.Globules are to be kept in airtight bottles and kept away from moisture.The globules retain their medicinal value for many years, if protected against sunlight and heat.Impurities are Flavour, Starch, Glucose, Glycerin, Talc, Chalk, Kaolin, Antioxidants, inorganic & whitening agents.Pellets are small, sterile cylinders about 3.2 mm diameter by 8mm in length that are formed by compression from medicated masses. In Homoeopathy, it is a synonym for globule. 15. Cones - Source - Cane sugar and egg albumin Conical in shape Size - by the diameter of base in millimeter; common size - 6For preservation of medicines for a long time.16. Tablet -source Pure refined sugar of milk. Prepared by tablet punching machine.Shape: discoid, round with flat or convex faceSize: In size of 1grain or 65 mgConsistency: softer than globulesLactose content – not less than 94%Binder – not exceeding 3%w/wLubricant – not exceeding 3% w/wInsoluble matter – not exceeding 5% w/wDisintegration time – with in 5 minutes.Ash value – 0.5% w/wTablets serve as solid dosage forms for dispensing of homoeopathic medicines.17. Distilled WaterSynonym: Purified water; Aqua distillata; Aqua purificataChemical symbol: H2OMolecular weight: 18.015Prepared by Compression distillation – using Leibigs condenser (Small scale).Purification by Stills – Conventional Stills & Multiple effect Still.Deionization- Cation exchangers (Zeokarb 225, Amberlite IR 120 resin) Anion exchangers (Amberlite IR 400, DeAcidite FF, Zeolite FF resin)Specific gravity – 1.000 at 25C.Boiling point – 100CFreezing point – 0C pH - 5.8 – 7 Impurities – Acidity or Alkalinity, iron, lead, Ammonia, Chloride, Sulphate, CalciumFor preparation of aqueous mother solutions according to Class VA and Class VB.It is used to convert solid trituration potency into a liquid potency for succussions. To prepare mother solution for LM scale.18. Ethyl Alcohol. Synonym: Ethanol; Spirit of Wine; Chemical symbol: C2H5OHMolecular weight: 46.07 Prepared byDistillation of fermented liquids containing carbohydrates or by synthesis. It contains not less than 94.7%v/v or 92.0%w/w and not more than 95.2%v/v or 92.7%w/w of ethyl alcohol.Usable carbohydrate -containing materials include molasses, sugarcane, beetroot, grapes, fruit juices, corn, barley, wheat, rice, maize, potato, wood and waste sulphite liquors. Impurities in alcohol are acid, fusel oil, water, methyl alcohol.Varieties of Alcohol:Absolute alcohol – Prepared by dehydration of rectified spirit with fresh quick lime or by distillation of rectified spirit, mixed with little benzeneContains not less than 99.4%v/v or 99%w/w of ethyl alcohol. Specific gravity – 0.795.It is used in Stapf process for the purification of sugar of milk.Dispensing alcohol –Prepared by diluting 947ml of strong alcohol to 1000ml with purified water Contains 91.4%v/v (limit 91.0 to 92.0%v/v) of ethyl alcohol Specific gravity: 0.8289 to 0.8319 Dispensing alcohol is used for making most of the dilutions from tinctures, in Centesimal and Decimal scale, preparation of potencies of fifty millesimal scale and conversion of solid triturations into liquid potencies.Dilute alcohol – Prepared by diluting 632ml of strong alcohol to 1000ml with purified water.Contains 60%v/v (limit 59.5% to 60.5%v/v) of ethyl alcohol Specific gravity: 0.9139 to 0.9169After conversion of solid trituration, 6X potency to 8X in the liquid form, the next higher potency 9X is prepared with dilute alcohol (HPI).Dilute alcohol is used to prepare 1X and 1C potencies from the mother tincture prepared according to Old Hahnemannian Method, prepare evaporating lotions and cleansing of utensils.Proof Spirit - It is legally defined as being a spirit, which at a temperature of 51oF shall weigh exactly 12/13th of weight of an equal measure of distilled water. Specific gravity: 0.91976 Contains 57.1% of ethyl alcohol by volume and 49.28% of ethyl alcohol by weight.Spirit of this strength is called 100% Proof Spirit. So 57.1% by volume of Spirit is equivalent to 100% Proof Spirit. Weaker spirits are termed as 'Under Proof - U.P.' and stronger spirits are termed as 'Over Proof - O.P.'. Conversion of % concentration to proof strength and vice versa20o OP = 120 / 1.75 = 68.57%60o OP = 160 / 1.75 = 91.42%10o UP = 90 / 1.75 = 51.4%91.42% = (91.42 X 1.75) - 100 = 60 i.e. 60 OP60% = (60 X 1.75) - 100 = 5 i.e. 5 OP40% = (40 X 1.75) - 100 = – 30 i.e. 30 UPRectified Spirit 60 O.P. means Pure Rectified Spirit containing 160 percent of Proof Spirit.Specific gravity: 0.829.Contains 91.29 % by volume of ethyl alcohol. 19. Glycerin - Chemical formula: CH2OH CHOH CH2OH or C3H8O3Molecular weight: 92.09Boiling point – 290CSpecific gravity – 1.26For the preservation of poisonous animal products and venom of snakes.For preparation of glyceroles and lotions.For preparation of mother tinctures of Apismellifica, Tarantula, etc.20. Solvent Ether- : (C2H5)2O – Mol Wt: 74.1221. Oils -Olive oil - Oleumolivae - A fixed oil obtained from ripe fruits of Oleaeuropea. Pale Yellow colour (green to greenish yellow), Spf. gr. – 0.910 – 0.913 at 20C.Almond oil - Oleumamygdalaeexpressum - : A fixed oil obtained from kernels of seeds of Prunusamygdalus.Pale yellow colour, Spf. gr - 0.910 – 0.915 at 20C.Sesame oil - Oleumsesami; Gingelly oil - : A fixed oil obtained from seeds of Sesamumindicum. Pale yellow colour, faint odour, Spf. gr - 0.916 – 0.921 at 20C.Chaulmoogra oil - Oleumchaulmoograe - A fixed oil expressed from fresh ripe seeds of Hydnocarpuskurzii or Hydnocarpuswightiana.Brownish yellow colour, rancid butter odour. Sandal wood oil - Oleumsantali-: A volatile oil obtained from dried heartwood of Santalum album Thick, pale yellow colour, strongly aromatic odour, Spf. gr - 0.973 – 0.985 at 20C.Lavender oil - Oleumlavendulae - : A volatile oil obtained from fresh flowering tops of Lavendulaofficinalis.Yellowish green colour, Spf. gr - 0.875 – 0.888 at 25C. Rosemary oil - : Oleumrosmarini - A volatile oil prepared from fresh flowering tops of Rosmarinusofficinalis. Pale yellow colour, characteristic odour of rosemary, Spf. gr - 0.894– 0.912 at 20C.
· Potency NomenclatureCentesimal scale (1 in 100 dilution factor) 3c or 3cH (three serial dilutions of 1 in 100 = a solution equivalent of 1 part in a million Korsakov potencies, using a mechanised single vial method, are also 1 in 100 dilutions but are labelled with ‘K’ to distiguish them from Hahnemannian separate vial (hand) methods. e.g. 200K, 10MKDecimal scale (1 in 10 dilution factor)This was developed after Hahnemann by Constantine Hering, one of his students. The same methods are used but twice as many dilutions are made to reach an equivalent ‘c’ potency. This scale is commonly used on the continent for acute prescribing e.g. 6x or D6 (six serial dilutions of 1 in 10 = a solution equivalent of 1 part in a millionFifty millessimal scale (1 in 50, 000 dilution factor)This was developed at the end of Hahnemann’s life and was created in an attempt to create a more effective, non aggravating potency. it involves the wetting of a small granule to transfer a 500th of a drop from vial to vial and uses 100 succussions between each dilution. See Organon §270 for more details. e.g LM 1 or Q1 (quintimillesimal)High Potencies are part of the centessimal scale and were developed after Hahemann mainly by Dr J T Kent in America. they have always been made by automated dilution and succussion machines using the single vial Korsakov emptying and refilling method. These are prescribed in single doses with infrequent repetition, are deep acting and are not suitable for acute prescribing or self help. e.g. 1M = 1000c (i.e. it represents 1000 serial steps of 1 in 100) 10M = 10, 000c CM = 100,000c
Potencies are mainly dispensed in solid form but are also sometimes used in liquid (usually 20% ethanol) for oral use. Solid dosage forms are based on sucrose and lactose in various sizes. Efficacy is not affected by the form and it is chosen for the convenience of the patient. The dosage forms commonly used are as follows: Flat tablets (50% sucrose/50% lactose) are the most common and are quite hard, easily medicated (wetted) and can be sucked or chewed. They are most commonly used for adults. Pillules are usually made from pure sucrose, are hard but very soluble and easily medicated. Used for all ages except infants.Lactose Only Tablets, or Trituration Tablets are made from pressed lactose powder and are very quick dissolving. Very useful for all ages, animals but especially infants and small children as there is no risk of choking.Granules are tiny sucrose balls and are usually used for babies. Powders are individually wrapped lactose packets and are used for all ages when just a few doses only are prescribed.Liquid Remedies are very suitable for babies and animals but are preferred by some adults if there is sugar intolerance.Mother Tinctures are often prescribed either internally or externally and are taken in drop doses in water.Creams and Ointments are commonly used and contain mother tincture (3-5%) as the active ingredient in an aqueous or lanolin base.Injections or Ampoules are used in Homeopathic prescribing partly for the quicker action as long as blood circulates in body giving the remedy (active space?) so that to touch every nerve as it passes by. The injections are especially available for the psychic satisfaction of the patients too.
You may be wondering what kind of track record homeopathy has for treating serious diseases. A look at the past will establish that homeopathy has proven itself reliable and is often much more effective than conventional treatment.The worldwide influenza epidemic of 1918 killed 22 million people worldwide and 500,000 in the U.S. The death rate was 30% or higher for those treated conventionally, while homeopaths cured an amazing 98% of their cases!During the Cholera and Typhus epidemics in Europe from the 1860′s to early 1900′s, people using homeopathy had survival rates 50% or greater than those treated by conventional medicine.In an epidemic of Typhus in Leipzig (1813), Dr. Hahnemann treated 180 cases of Typhus, losing only two patients. Mortality rates for conventional treatment were over 30%.During the cholera epidemic of 1849 in Cincinnati, with survival rates between 40 -52%, those treated by homeopathy had a 97% survival rate. These results were published in the local newspapers.
Homeopathy has also proven itself invaluable in preventing illness. In the 1957 polio epidemic in Buenos Aires, the homeopathic remedy Lathyrus was given to thousands of people. Not one case of polio was reported in these individuals.In a 1974 epidemic of meningicoccal meningitis in Brazil, 18,640 children were given a homeopathic remedy for prevention. Only 4 cases of meningitis occurred in these children.In the smallpox epidemic of 1902 in Iowa, the homeopathic remedy Variolinum was given preventively to 2,806 patients of 15 doctors. The protection rate was 97%.
No way comparable to Conventional Medicine in quantityThough there has been research both by the Homeopathic Institutions and Allopathic vitro researchersClear indications of success in treatmentEfficacy can be found from Cell Based to the Clinical researches
Cell Based ResearchPotentized Histamine ResearchThe specific purpose of this book is to test the “paradoxical” theory that homeopathic medicine has definite therapeutic effects, on the basis of scientific evidence.Nevertheless, most of the trials that the Advisory Board analyzed were conducted following an appropriate methodology and ended up with surprising results in favor of homeopathic remedies, both in terms of clinical activity and costs.Furthermore, a high benefit risk ratio, based upon the ability to produce a desirable effect with minimal side effects, was achieved quite exclusively by the non-allopathic remedies.In-Vitro ResultsWhen all the data were combined together, there was a statistically significant inhibition for the histamine containing solutions. Thus this multi-centre study indicated that high dilutions of histamine did indeed have biological effects.
Dr. F.S Hahnemann was an Allopathic doctorHomeopathic Principles and MedicineCurriculum equipped with Basic Sciences Adopted to the country it is taught inDegrees named the approximately the same way Homeopaths study even more subjects
موثر در موارد حاد و مزمن دشوار استرویکرد کل نگر به بیماری های انسانیک سیستم کامل پزشکیدرمان محفوظو نرم مناسب برای هر یک، مردان، کودکان و زنان حتی در دوران بارداریغیر سمی با هیچ عوارض جانبی مواد شیمیاییهیچ بیم اعتیادبهبود سلامت جسمی و روحی