Importance and Issues of Literature Review in Research

Dr. Atul Bhatt
Associate Professor
Department of Library and Information Science
Gujarat University

Department of Library and Information Science, Gujarat University
Outline
Research and Research Process
Research: India Scan
India : A nation with ambition
Emerging Review on Research in Higher Education
Explore the Literature for Research : Role of Library
Where to Publish
Digital Tools & Resources for Research
Concluding Remarks

Library Resources Centre, Institute of lawDepartment of Library and Information Science, Gujarat University
Research is
 A voyage of Discovery or a journey from the
known to unknown
 an art of scientific investigation
 a systematized efforts to gain new
knowledge

Research Process

Research: India scan
India’s research output as global
share of scientific publication was
a mere 3.5% in 2010 where as
China’s share was 21% in 2007.
Dr. Manmohan singh conf. of NIT Directors at Rashtrpati Bhavan Business
Standard 7/11/2013

A nation with ambition: editorial - nature
India is making great strides in
improving its science, but it
needs to look carefully at its
approach and works with the
rest of the world if it is realize
its full potential. nature (13 May 2015)

Research: India scan

Emerging Review on Research in Higher Education

India: A nation with ambition

Why go beyond formal methods?
 The 95 Percent Solution: School is not where most Americans learn
most of their science by John H. Falk and Lynn D. Dierking
 Recent findings challenge the longstanding belief that the place for
science knowledge acquisition is the classroom.
 International comparisons of trends in science knowledge over
lifetimes suggests that much if not most science knowledge is
acquired outside of school. American Scientist: v. 98 (Nov-Dec), 2010
Courtesy: from the Presentation Dr. H. Anilkumar

Explore the literature for Research : Role of Library

Role of Library: Gujarat University Library
... … A Managed place… …with managed
digital space.

Best Practices in the Gujarat University Library
Technology adopted by Library - Library Website
Users are updated herewith
Various collections, activities,
And upcoming events also
URL:http://www.gulibrary.com

Technology adopted by Library (RemoteXS)
Library is providing
Remote-Login facility to
the users of Institute of
Law, Nirma University, All
final year UG students, PG
students, PH.D. Students
and faculty members are
using Remote-Login
facility for accessing
online and digital
resources at their home
Remote login - E-library
Library is providing
Remote-Login facility to
PH.D. Students and
faculty members. We are
Planning to extend this
service to PG students
from this year.
Remote-Login facility for
accessing online and digital
resources at outside
campus

Role of Library: Gujarat University Library

Explore the literature for Research : Literature Review
Explore the literature for Research
Connect with experts and researchers
Assessing Research Impact and Citations
Plagiarism Software
Resources and Services from INFLIBNET

Explore the literature for Research : Literature Review

Library Resources Centre, Institute of lawLibrary Resources Centre, Institute of law
Literature review process
The Literature
Review Process

Literature Review Process
Choose a topic
Search for current literature on topic
Evaluate the literature you find
Search for more literature, using what you learned in
the evaluation step
Synthesize and Summarize it

Basics of Literature Reviews
Include an introduction and conclusion.
Avoid direct quotations
Organize by topic or theme rather than by
author.
Use headings.
Use comparative terms.

Tips and tools: Keeping a search log
 Compiling your pool of research articles is an extensive project that will
go on for a considerable amount of time. To keep track of all the
searches that you've already done -- and remind yourself of searches
that you wish to go back to -- keep a search log.
 You can create your own search log, using any software or method you
choose. Think about the information you wish to keep track of. We
recommend including the fields shown in this example -- but you may
think of other fields as well.

Importance and Need of Review of Literature
 Review of Relevant Literature helps to know
what work others have done in the
selected broad subject area.
This exercise reduces duplication of research
and thus saves time, money and other
resources.

Importance and Need of Review of Literature
 It also helps to define specific objectives
based on what other researcher have not
done.
 It directly or indirectly helps in deciding the
method to be adopted for the research.
Courtesy: (Busha and Harter, 1980)

Functions of Literature review
To justify your choice of research questions,
theoretical or conceptual framework and
method
To establish the importance of the topic
To provide background information needed to
understand the study

Functions of Literature review
To shows readers you are familiar with significant
and /or up-to-date research relevant to the topic
To establish your study as one link in a chain of
research that is developing knowledge in your
field.

Steps To Writing A Literature Review
Find a Working Topic
Review the Literature
Focus Your Topic Narrowly and Select Papers
Accordingly
Read the Selected Articles Thoroughly and Evaluate
Them

Steps To Writing A Literature Review
Organize the Selected Papers By Looking For Patterns and By
Developing Subtopics
Develop a Working Thesis
Organize Your Own Paper Based on the Findings From Steps 4 & 5
Write the Body of the Paper
Look At What You Have Written; Focus On Analysis, Not Description

How to Review ?
How you came to choose certain methodologies or
theories to work with
Show why your research needs to be carried out
How your work adds to the research already carried
out, etc.

1 Topical
order
2 Chronological
order
4 General–to–
specific order
7 Specific-to-
general order
3 Problem-
cause-solution
order
Organisational schemes-LR

Sources of Literature Review
 Literature Review can be reviewed fro two Sources
 Primary Sources
Secondary Sources

Sources of Literature Review

Building a professional Identity: from
research to impact – where to publish
UGC Listed Journals.
Indexed in SCOPUS, Web of Science,
Indexed in DOAJ
 Peer reviewed Journals with High Impact Factor journals
Open Access covered in /interface with Google scholar
metadata

Peer review: an overview
 Peer review is a scholarly form of review for journal articles. After an article is sent to an
academic journal, the editor sends it to several peer reviewers--typically scholars in the field--for
evaluation.
 These peer reviewers examine the paper's methodology, literature review, and conclusions. They
note the existence of bias or other flaws. The peer reviewers may accept the article, require re-
writes from the authors, or reject the article.
 If you are asked to find articles that are peer-reviewed, what you are really looking for are articles from a peer-
reviewed journal.
Peer review can also be called:
 blind peer review
 scholarly peer review
 refereeing or refereed

 Peer review is one of the gold standards science. It’s a
process where “peers” (experts) evaluate the quality of other
scientists’ work. By doing this, they aim to ensure the work is
rigorous, coherent, uses past research and adds to what we
already knew.
 Peer review is designed to assess the validity, quality and
often the originality of articles for publication. Its ultimate
purpose is to maintain the integrity of science by filtering out
invalid or poor quality articles.

 “Peer Review is defined as “a process of subjecting an author’s
scholarly work, research or ideas to the scrutiny of others who are
experts in the same field” (1). Peer review is intended to serve two
primary purposes. Firstly, it acts as a filter to ensure that only high
quality research is published, especially in reputable journals, by
determining the validity, significance and originality of the study.
Secondly, peer review is intended to improve the quality of
manuscripts that are deemed suitable for publication. Peer reviewers
provide suggestions to authors on how to improve the quality of their
manuscripts, and also identify any errors that need correcting before
publication”. Kelly, J., Sadeghieh, T., & Adeli, K. (2014). Peer Review in Scientific Publications: Benefits,
Critiques, & A Survival Guide. EJIFCC, 25(3), 227–243.

Impact factor: a bird eye view
 The impact factor (IF) of an academic journal is a measure
reflecting the average number of citations to recent articles
published in the journal.
 It is frequently used as a proxy for the relative importance of
a journal within its field, with journals with higher impact
factors deemed to be more important than those with lower
ones.
 The impact factor was devised by Eugene Garfield, the
founder of the Institute for Scientific Information Impact
factors are calculated yearly starting from 1975 for those
journals that are indexed in the Journal Citation Report

Impact factor: a bird eye view
In any given year, the impact factor of a journal
is the average number of citations received per
paper published in that journal during the two
preceding years. For example, if a journal has an
impact factor of 3 in 2008, then its papers
published in 2006 and 2007 received 3 citations
each on average in 2008.

Calculation of 2010 IF of a Journal:
A = the number of times articles published in 2008 and
2009 were cited by indexed journals during 2010.
 B = the total number of "citable items" published in
2008 and 2009.
A/B = 2010 impact factor
https://researchguides.uic.edu/if/impact

Digital tools & Resources for Research
Current Content service: JournalTOCs
Reference Management Tools

Library Research Assistance
Current Content service: JournalTOCs

Library Research Assistance
Citation Analysis
ResearchGate (http://www.researchgate.net/)
Academia.edu (http://www.academia.edu/)
Google Scholar (http://scholar.google.co.in/)
Assessing Research Impact and Citations

ResearchGate https://www.researchgate.net/

ResearchGate
https://www.researchgate.net/

Library Resources Centre, Institute of lawGujarat University Library
Academia.edu https://www.academia.edu/

Library Resources Centre, Institute of lawGujarat University Library
Google Scholar https://scholar.google.co.in/

ResearcherID

ORCiD

Plagiarism issue

Plagiarism Software

Library Resources Centre, Institute of law
Open Source/Free
Subscription based

Zotero
Mendley
Endnote

Library Resources Centre, Institute of law
ZOTERO is an OPENSOURCE BIBLIOGRAPHIC SOFTWARE – used
for
 Downloading & Storing references.
 Creating new references.
 Adding references/citations to your paper in Msword
 Collaboratively write papers using clouddata storage.
 Very easy to use.
About Zotero, Mendeley and EndNote

Mendeley is free academic software – used for
 To manage, share, read, annotate, and cite your research paper
 Research network to manage your papers online
 Discover research trends and Statistics
 EndNote is also Reference management software

Redefining the role of Academic Library
Manage resources, services and
facilities
Organize knowledge and information
to serve the needs of their users
Support literacy and learning

“library’s traditional role as a repository for physical
books and periodicals is quickly fading, with important
implications for space utilization, resource acquisition,
and services”
“Redefining the Academic Library”
•
“confluence of shifts in technology, changing user
demands, and increasing budget pressures are now
forcing academic libraries to either adapt or risk
obsolescence”

Library as a knowledge Gateway
A Library is not a building staked with
books – it is a repository and source of
information and ideas, a place for learning
and enquiry for the generation of
thoughts and the creation of new
knowledge
-National Knowledge Commission 2005

Enhancing space and
support for creation -
based learning

increase student
success in connection
with library usage

Users’ centric approach

We have a window of opportunity
 People like libraries
 Libraries are considered hub of academic activities/ (till now)
 The window will not stay open forever. Alternatives will be
brought in force when available

Concluding Remarks American Libraries magazine December 2017

Concluding Remarks
 For time and the world do not stand still. Change is the law of life.
And those who look only to the past or the present are certain to
miss the future – John F. Kennedy (June 25, 1963)
 Role of academic libraries and librarians have changed, is changing
and will continue to change.
 Google is good but librarian is better in network environment.

Concluding Remarks
Knowing is not enough. We must apply.
Willing is not enough. We must do.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Concluding Remarks

Importance and Issues of Literature Review in Research

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