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- 11. End.
Editor's Notes
- We left off talking about hybridization and orbitals. How they bond and how they need to hybridize to bond and the resulting geometric shape.
- In this cast we will look at bond rotation.
- As you might have learned in general chemistry that molecule can move in 3 dimensional space. Movements that we should know are vibrational or vibrating motion. The others are translational which is seen on the slide. Electronic energy will be explained in organic two. Rotational energy is the energy needed to rotate around the bond.
- Vibrational energy will also be covered in organic II when we talk about IR spectroscopy.
- If you have a SP3 hybridized bond you can have you can have rotation. If you rotate around the structure that are related are called conformers. As you can see the red molecule is rotated and you have conformers.
- When rotating if the atoms connected to the atoms engaged in the bond that is rotating are all overlapped that is know as eclipsed. I they are alternating they are staggered. This is just the defintion we will give you a better explanation later.
- What is important to note is rotation occurs ONLY on single bonds the reasoning behind this is that in pie bonding any rotation would lead to the destruction of the double bond. But you can twist the bond. Because they are rigid we can isolate compound based on there arrangement around the double bond.
- That leads us to isomers. Isomers are same molecular formulate but different connectivity. Constitutional isomers differ in the bonding arrangement. Stereoisomers have the same connectivity but there 3-d arrangement differes and will be explain more in chapter 5.
- Here are three example of constitutional isomers. They all have the formula C5H12 but are different in terms of there connectivity. Constitutional isomers do have different properties. The number of isomers are a directlly proportional to the number of carbons in the backbone.