access cavity preparation

1. EndodonticsEndodontics::
Access CavityAccess Cavity
PreparationPreparation
11

2. Access Cavity PreparationAccess Cavity Preparation
MAJOR OBJECTIVESMAJOR OBJECTIVES
11--Straight-Line AccessStraight-Line Access
22--Conservation of Tooth StructureConservation of Tooth Structure
33--Unroofing of Chamber and ExposureUnroofing of Chamber and Exposure of Pulp Hornsof Pulp Horns
22

3. Endodontic Preparation ofEndodontic Preparation of
Maxillary and mandibularMaxillary and mandibular
Anterior TeethAnterior Teeth
33

4. 44

5. 55

6. 66

7. 77

8. 88

9. 99

10. 1010
Maxillary Central
Incisor
 Central incisor are large and on an average of 23 mm.
 It has a single canal and a single apical foramen.
 The pulp in young patients normally has 3 pulp horns.
 The pulp chambers is noticeably wider in the
faciolingual direction than in the mesiodistal.
All upper anterior teeth have
one root and one canal.

11. 1111
Maxillary Lateral Incisor
It is shorter than central incisor.
Average length of 21- 22 mm.
It has a single canal and a single apical
foramen.
In young patients have two only pulp horn and is
wider
in labiopalatal dimension.
The canal is tapered and the apex is often
curved generally in distal direction.

12. 1212
Maxillary Canine
It is the longest tooth (26.5 mm)
Seldom has more than one canal
The pulp chamber is quite narrow M- D, and there is
one pulp horn pointed to the incisal angle.
The pulp space is much wider labiopalatally
and the pulp space follows this outline.
Oval Type root canal.
The root apex is often tapered and very thin.
The canal is usually straight but may show a distal apical

13. 1313
Mandibular Central and Lateral
Incisors
CENTRAL
LATERAL
Average length is 21 mm, but the central
incisor may be shorter than the lateral.
The pulp chamber is smaller replica
of the upper incisors.
When the tooth has a single root canal it
is normally straight but may curve to
the distal.

14. 1414
Mandibular Canine
Smaller than the maxillary canine.
The average length is 22.5 mm.
.
Rarely has 2 roots, but fewer of mandibular canine display
the canal form with 2 separates apical formina.

15. Access cavity preparationAccess cavity preparation
1515

16. Endodontic Preparation ofEndodontic Preparation of
Maxillary Anterior TeethMaxillary Anterior Teeth
1616

17. Endodontic Preparation ofEndodontic Preparation of
Maxillary Anterior TeethMaxillary Anterior Teeth
1717
Adult toothAdult tooth

18. 1818
Cavity Access. Canine
Extensive ovoid, funnel-shaped coronal preparation

19. Maxillary Anterior TeethMaxillary Anterior Teeth
ERRORS in CavityERRORS in Cavity
PreparationPreparation
1919

20. Maxillary Anterior TeethMaxillary Anterior Teeth
ERRORS in CavityERRORS in Cavity
PreparationPreparation
2020

21. Endodontic Preparation of MandibularEndodontic Preparation of Mandibular
Anterior TeethAnterior Teeth
2121

22. Mandibular Anterior TeethMandibular Anterior Teeth
ERRORS in Cavity PreparationERRORS in Cavity Preparation
2222

23. Mandibular Anterior TeethMandibular Anterior Teeth
ERRORS in Cavity PreparationERRORS in Cavity Preparation
2323

24. 2424

25. 2525

26. Endodontic Preparation ofEndodontic Preparation of
Maxillary and mandibularMaxillary and mandibular
Premolar TeethPremolar Teeth
2626

27. Maxillary FirstMaxillary First
PremolarPremolar
Generally has 2 root with 2
canals, but in the case of 1 root has 2
canals which open in a common apical
foramen.
Many types of canal
configurations.
Average length 21.5 mm.
The pulp chamber is wide B-P
with 2 distinct pulp horn.
M-D, the pulp chamber
is much narrower.

28. Endodontic Preparation ofEndodontic Preparation of
Maxillary First premolar TeethMaxillary First premolar Teeth
2828
Young tooth Adult toothYoung tooth Adult tooth

29. Maxillary Second PremolarMaxillary Second Premolar
The typicalThe typical secondsecond premolar has onepremolar has one
root and one canal and sometimesroot and one canal and sometimes
has an apical distal curvaturehas an apical distal curvature..
The pulp chamber is wider B-P and narrower M-The pulp chamber is wider B-P and narrower M-
D and has 2 well define pulp hornsD and has 2 well define pulp horns..
The canal orifice is directly in the centre of theThe canal orifice is directly in the centre of the
toothtooth..
Average length: 21 mmAverage length: 21 mm..

30. Endodontic Preparation ofEndodontic Preparation of
Maxillary Second premolarMaxillary Second premolar
TeethTeeth
3030
Young tooth Adult toothYoung tooth Adult tooth

31. Endodontic Preparation of MaxillaryEndodontic Preparation of Maxillary
Premolar TeethPremolar Teeth
3131

32. Maxillary Premolar TeethMaxillary Premolar Teeth
ERRORS in CavityERRORS in Cavity
PreparationPreparation
3232

33. Maxillary Premolar TeethMaxillary Premolar Teeth
ERRORS in CavityERRORS in Cavity
PreparationPreparation
3333

34. MandibularMandibular
PremolarsPremolarsUsually has a single delicate root
with a mesial concavity, but
occasionally present a division of
the root in the apical half.
As a rule, both teeth have a single canal.
The coronal pulp is wide B-L with a large
buccal horn and a small lingual horn.
The shape of the canal is similar in first and second
premolars.
Its buccolingual extension is broad until the
middle third of the canal, but is very narrow in
the apical third. Average Length: 22mm

35. Cavity AccessCavity Access
•Because of the inclination of the crowns ofBecause of the inclination of the crowns of
mandibular teeth and the smaller lingualmandibular teeth and the smaller lingual
cusp, the access opening should becusp, the access opening should be
placed buccal to the central fissureplaced buccal to the central fissure..
•The preparation is madeThe preparation is made
ovaloval, corresponding to the, corresponding to the
shape of the root and canalshape of the root and canal..

36. Endodontic Preparation ofEndodontic Preparation of
Mandibular premolar TeethMandibular premolar Teeth
3636
Young tooth Adult toothYoung tooth Adult tooth

37. Endodontic Preparation of MandibularEndodontic Preparation of Mandibular
Premolar TeethPremolar Teeth
3737

38. Mandibular Premolar TeethMandibular Premolar Teeth
ERRORS in CavityERRORS in Cavity
PreparationPreparation
3838

39. Mandibular Premolar TeethMandibular Premolar Teeth
ERRORS in CavityERRORS in Cavity
PreparationPreparation
3939

40. Endodontic Preparation ofEndodontic Preparation of
Maxillary and mandibularMaxillary and mandibular
Molar TeethMolar Teeth
4040

41. Maxillary First MolarsMaxillary First Molars
Generally three rooted with 3 canals. AdditionalGenerally three rooted with 3 canals. Additional
canal is located in the MB rootcanal is located in the MB root..
Large pulp chamber,Large pulp chamber, triangular in shapetriangular in shape ,,
with the base toward the buccal and the apexwith the base toward the buccal and the apex
toward the lingual surfacetoward the lingual surface..
Slightly curved buccal rootsSlightly curved buccal roots..
DP curvature of the MB rootDP curvature of the MB root..
Apical-buccal curvature of theApical-buccal curvature of the
palatal root (55%palatal root (55%((
Average LengthAverage Length::
MB: 20mmMB: 20mm
DB: 19.5mmDB: 19.5mm
P: 20.5mmP: 20.5mm

42. It has 3 or 4 pulp horn, the MB is the longest.
The floor of the pulp chamber is normally just apical to
the cervix and is rounded and convex to the occlusal.
The MB canal opening is closer to the buccal
wall than is the DB orifice.
The DB canal is closer to
the middle of the tooth than
to the distal wall, and is
the shorter and finest
of the 3 canals.
Maxillary First Molars

43. Endodontic Preparation ofEndodontic Preparation of
Maxillary First molar TeethMaxillary First molar Teeth
4343
Young tooth Adult toothYoung tooth Adult tooth

44. Maxillary Second MolarMaxillary Second Molar
It is similar of the first molar:
Large pulp chamber.
Mesiobuccal, distobuccal, and palatal
roots, each with one canal.
Gradual curvature of all three canals.
“Flattened” triangular outline form.
The DB canal orifice is
nearer the centre of the
cavity floor.

45. Endodontic Preparation ofEndodontic Preparation of
Maxillary Second Molar TeethMaxillary Second Molar Teeth
4545
Young tooth Adult toothYoung tooth Adult tooth

46. Endodontic Preparation of Maxillary MolarEndodontic Preparation of Maxillary Molar
TeethTeeth
4646

47. Locate canal orifices & obtainLocate canal orifices & obtain
Straight-Line AccessStraight-Line Access
Probing the Canal EntrancesProbing the Canal Entrances
After the roof of the pulp chamber has been penetratedAfter the roof of the pulp chamber has been penetrated
and the access cavity prepared, the entrances to theand the access cavity prepared, the entrances to the
pulp canals must be probedpulp canals must be probed..
A hooked explorer can be used to determine ifA hooked explorer can be used to determine if
enough dentin has been removedenough dentin has been removed
The canal entrances are found by feeling with a thinThe canal entrances are found by feeling with a thin,,
stiff explorer. If the explorer sticks in a spot, a size 15stiff explorer. If the explorer sticks in a spot, a size 15
Hedstrom file is used to verify that the spot is indeedHedstrom file is used to verify that the spot is indeed
the entrance to a root canal and not a perforation. Onlythe entrance to a root canal and not a perforation. Only
then is the opening gently enlarged. Narrow root canalsthen is the opening gently enlarged. Narrow root canals
must first be enlarged coronally with a Hedstrom filemust first be enlarged coronally with a Hedstrom file
before the deep preparation withbefore the deep preparation with Gates-Glidden bursGates-Glidden burs cacan be startedn be started..

48. 4848

49. Maxillary Molar TeethMaxillary Molar Teeth
ERRORS in CavityERRORS in Cavity
PreparationPreparation
4949

50. Maxillary Molar TeethMaxillary Molar Teeth
ERRORS in CavityERRORS in Cavity
PreparationPreparation
5050

51. Mandibular FirstMandibular First
MolarMolar Usually has 2 roots one mesialUsually has 2 roots one mesial
and one distaland one distal..
The Distal root is smoller andThe Distal root is smoller and
verticalvertical..
Distal curvature of the mesial rootDistal curvature of the mesial root
(84% of the time) which has two(84% of the time) which has two
canalscanals..
The distal canal is larger and moreThe distal canal is larger and more
ovaloval..
The MB is the most difficult canalThe MB is the most difficult canal
to instrument because its tortuousto instrument because its tortuous

52. Average Length: 21 mmAverage Length: 21 mm
Triangular outline form
reflects the anatomy of
the pulp chamber, with
the base toward mesial
and the apex toward the
distal surface.
The cavity is primarily within the mesial
half of the tooth but is extensive enough
to allow positioning of instruments and
filling materials.

53. Mandibular Second MolarMandibular Second Molar
•It is smaller version of the first molarIt is smaller version of the first molar
with an average length of 20mmwith an average length of 20mm..
•The mesial root has 2 canals and theThe mesial root has 2 canals and the
distal onedistal one..
•The mesial canals tend to fuse in theThe mesial canals tend to fuse in the
apical third to give rise to one mainapical third to give rise to one main
apical foramenapical foramen..

54. Endodontic Preparation ofEndodontic Preparation of
Mandibular Molar TeethMandibular Molar Teeth
5454
Young tooth Adult toothYoung tooth Adult tooth

55. Endodontic Preparation of MandibularEndodontic Preparation of Mandibular
Molar TeethMolar Teeth
5555

56. Mandibular Molar TeethMandibular Molar Teeth
ERRORS in CavityERRORS in Cavity
PreparationPreparation
5656

57. Mandibular Molar TeethMandibular Molar Teeth
ERRORS in CavityERRORS in Cavity
PreparationPreparation
5757

58. Thank you
5858