1. OPERATION
THEATER
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2. HISTORY OF SURGERY
 PREHISTORIC PERIOD:- Burr hole-Trepanning/ trephining- common in Britain,
France and Europe.
ANCIENT INDIA :- Hindu- excised tumours , drain abscesses, remove
foreign body, remove gall stones, stich wounds.
Known for Plastic Surgery.
BEFORE 2ND CENTURY :- Surgery was not considered as a part of medical
profession.
Surgeons were lower class and illiterate.
1540 :-Barber-surgeon company-union.
1745 :-company of surgeons of London.
1800 :-Royal college of surgeons.
1543 :-Andreas Vesalius- 1st surgeon anatomist
16th CENTURY :-Ambroise Pare- Father of Modern surgery
18th CENTURY :-John Hunter-Founder of surgical pathology
1880 :-Foundation of American Surgica Associations
19th CENTURY :-Discovery of Anaesthesia and Antisepsis
1914 :-American college of surgeons
1937 :-American Board of surgerywww.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

3. PURPOSES OF SURGERY
 Diagnostic
 Exploratory
 Curative:-a) Ablative
b) Reconstructive
c) Constructive
 Palliative
 Restorative
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4. TYPES OF SURGERY
 Major surgery
 Minor surgery
TYPES ACCORDING TO URGENCY
 Optional
 Elective
 Planned
 Imperative or urgent
 Emergency
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5. COMMON SURGICAL INCISIONS OF
ABDOMEN
Incision Site
 Subcostal
 Paramedian
 Transverse
 Rectus
 McBurney
 Pfannenstiel
Type of Surgery
 Gall Bladder , Biliary tract
surgeries
 Right side: Biliary tract, Gall
Bladder
 Left side : Splenectomy,
Gastrectomy, Hiatal Hernia repair
 Gastrectomy
 Right Side: Appendectomy, small
bowel resection
 Left Side : Sigmoid colon resection
 Appendectomy
 Gynaecologic surgery
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6. ORGANIZATION AND
PHYSICAL LAYOUT OF THE O.T.
Number of rooms required in the O.T. depends on:-
 Number and length of the surgical procedures to be
performed.
 Types and distribution by specialities of the surgical staff
and equipments for each
 Proportion of inpatient and emergency surgical
procedures to ambulatory patient and minimal invasive
procedures.
 Scheduling policies related to the number of hours/day
and days /week the suite will be in the use and staffing
needs.
 Systems and procedures established for the efficient flow
of patients, personnel, and supplies.
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7. PRINCIPLES IN PLANNING THE
PHYSICAL LAYOUT OF AN
OPERATION ROOM
 Exclusion of contamination from outside
the suite with sensible traffic pattern
within the suite.
 Separation of clean areas from
contaminated areas within the suite.
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8. OPERATION ROOM SIZE:-
Minimum:- 20 20 10 feet( 400sq feet or
approximately 37m² )floor space;
Maximum:-20 30 10 feet (600 sq feet or
approximately 60m²
If Portable equipments are required then
minimum floor space 22 22 10 feet(484 sq
feet approximately 45m²)
if cardiopulmonary bypass machine required then
600 sq feet or 60m² floor space
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9. PERIOPERATIVE PATIENT CARE
 PREOPERATIVE PHASE:
From the time the decision is made for surgical
intervention to the transference of the patient to
the operating room.
 INTRAOPERATIVE PHASE:
From the time the patient is received in the
operating room until he is admitted to the
recovery room.
 POST OPERATIVE PHASE:
From the time of admission to the recovery
room to the follow up in home/ clinic for
evaluation.
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10. Thank you
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