Study on the Impact of FOCUS-PDCA Management Model on the Disinfection Qualit...
Introduction of anatomy lecture1 dr. noura
1. Introduction of Anatomy
By
Dr, Noura El Tahawy
Associate professor of Anatomy
Batterjee Medical College
2. Anatomy
• Definition - anatome = up (ana) + cutting (tome)
• Disciplines of anatomy
– Macroscopic
– Microscopic
– Developmental
– Neuroanatomy
• Approach to study of gross anatomy
Upper extremity Back
Head and neck Thorax
Abdomen Pelvis and perineum
Lower extremity
3. Anatomical Position
• Body erect
• Head, eyes, toes directed forward
• Limbs at sides of body
• Palms directed forward
4.
5. Anatomical Planes
• Median = vertical, front to back in midline
• Frontal (coronal) = vertical, perpendicular
to median
• Horizontal (transverse) = parallel to floor,
perpendicular to median, coronal
• Sagittal = vertical, parallel to median
9. Terms of Directions
• Medial = closer to median plane
• Lateral = further from median plane
• Anterior (ventral) = towards front of body
• Posterior (dorsal) = towards back of body
• Superior (cephalic) = towards head
• Inferior (caudal) = towards bottom of feet
• Superficial = towards surface of body
• Deep = towards center of body
• Proximal = nearer origin or attachment
• Distal = further from origin or attachment
14. Skeleton
• Rigid support for body and its parts
• Components of skeleton:
– Bone
– Joints
– Structures associated with joints
– Cartilage
15. Skeleton
1- The Axial Skeleton
Bonyframework of the body
consisting of :
-Skull ( head )
-Vertebral column
-Ribs and Sternum
(ear ossicles and hyoid bone also)
16. Skeleton
2 - The Appendicular Skeleton
* Bones of the Upper Limb
shoulder girdles (clavicle and
scapula), and the upper limbs (
upper extremities)
*Bones of the Lower Limb
the pelvic girdles (coxal,
innominate or hip bone) and the
lower extremities.
17. Types of Bones
• Long bones
– Diaphysis = shaft
– Metaphysis = shaft adjacent to epiphysis
– Epiphysis = contain ossification center/s
• Short bones
• Flat bones
• Irregular bones
• Sesamoid bones
18. Types of Bones
• Long bone (Fig. A .humerus.
• E. Femur)
• Short bone: carpus and tarsus.
• Irregular bone: vertebrae, skull base,
and (Fig. B .calcaneum)
• Flat bone: Skull, sternum, scapula (Fig.
C. in the skull the two parietal bones
separated by the sagittal suture)
•Pneumatic bone: paranasal sinuses
• Sesamoid bone (Fig. D. patella)
19. Bone - Functions
• Protection
• Support
• Movement
• Calcium storage
• Housing blood-forming cells
20. Structure of adult long bone
• Articular cartilage
• Epiphyseal line
• Periosteal membrane
• Compact Bone
• Spongy Bone
• The shaft has a central
medullary cavity which
is filled with bone
marrow.
• Central canal
containing:
Nutrient vessels and
nerves
21. Blood Supply of long Bones
* Epiphysial
* Nutrient artery
Metaphysial arteries
* Periosteal
vessels
23. Greater tubercle
Spine of
scapula
Coracoid
process
Crest of
lesser tubercle
Spiral groove
Lateral supracondylar
ridge
Medial epicondyle
24. MCQ
• 1. Regarding the long bone all are true except
one:
• A. It consists of diaphysis, epiphysis& metaphysis
• B. It is supplied by articular, nutrient, epiphyseal&
metaphyseal arteries
• C. The metaphysis is the area that is responsible for
bone growth in length
• D. It has a medullary cavity that contains osteoblasts
25. MCQ
• Regarding the shapes of bones all are
true except one:
• A. The short bone is formed of cancellous bone with a
covering thin compact bone
• B. An Example of short bones is the carpal bones at the
wrist
• C. The best example of flat bone is the base of the skull
• D. The flat bone is formed of two laminae of compact bone
with a layer of spongy bone in between
26. MCQ
Regarding the Skeleton are true except one:
• A. There are two main subdivisions: Axial&
appendicular skeletons
• B. The appendicular skeleton is formed of bones
of the limbs
• C. The axial skeleton is formed of skull only
• D. The axial skeleton is formed of skull, vertebral
column, sternum& ribs
27. The bones have the following functions
except one
a. Give the shape& framework of the body
b. Provide attachment to muscles
c. Secrete some hormones
d. Protect important vital structures
29. Cartilages
PROPERTIES OF CARTILAGE
• Cartilage is a type of hard connective tissue.
It is tough and resilient, It is devoid of nerves, blood vessels
and lymphatics.
• It consists of cells termed chondrocytes (mature cartilage
cells) and Matrix of connective tissue rich of fibres.
• It resists compressive forces as well as long-term effects of
pressure and friction (therefore it covers articular surfaces).
• Cartilage has a high capacity of growth by multiplication of
the chondroblasts.
34. • Regarding cartilage the following statements
are true except one:
• A. It is tough & resilient connective tissue that
contain chondrocytes
• B. It does not resist compressive forces
• C. It has a high capacity of growth& regeneration
• D. It is devoid of nerves, blood vessels &
lymphatics
35. • Regarding the cartilage types the following
statements are true except one:
• A. The hyaline cartilage is translucent, glossy&
cover the articular surfaces of bones
• B. The Intervertebral disc is a hyaline a type of
cartilage
• c. The ear pinna is yellow elastic fibrocartilage
that is rich in elastic fibers
• C. An example of white fibrocartilage is the
symphysis pubis