2. The ART encompasses
all the procedures that
involve manipulation
of gametes and
embryos outside the
body for the treatment
of infertility
3. • IVF – ET (In vitro fertilization and embryo transfer)
• GIFT ( Gamate intra fallopian transfer)
• ZIFT (Zygote intra fallopian transfer)
• POST (Peritoneal oocyte and sperm transfer)
• TET ( Tubal embryo transfer zone)
• SUZI ( Subzonal insemination)
• AH (Assisted hatching)
• IVM (In vitro maturation of oocyte)
6. INDICATIONS OF IVF
• Tubal disease
• Unexplained infertility
• endometriosis
• Male factor infertility
• Multiple factors (female
and male)
• Failed ovulation induction
• ovarian failure
• Non functional uterus
• Women with genetic risk
7. PATIENT SELECTION (IDEAL)
• Age < 35 years
• Presence of ovarian reserve (D-3, serum FSH <10 IU/L).
• Husband—normal seminogram.
• Couple must be screened negative for HIV and hepatitis.
• Normal uterine cavity as evaluated by
hysteroscopy/sonohysterography.
8. PRINCIPAL STEPS OF AN ART CYCLE
• Down regulation using GnRH agonist.
• Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH).
• Monitoring of follicular growth.
• Oocyte retrieval.
• Fertilization in vitro
• Transfer of gametes or embryos.
• Luteal support with progesterone.
9. • Suppression drugs prevent spontaneous ovulation
• GnRH Agonists. It suppresses LH surge preventing eggs
from being released before they are mature for egg retrieval
10. • Ovarian stimulation is used to produce multiple
mature follicles, rather than the single egg normally
developed each month.
• Produces many good follicles to be Fertilized.
• Multiple eggs are stimulated because some eggs
will not fertilize or develop normally after
fertilization.
• Regular monitoring by ultrasound scan is done.
11. • The oocyte maturation is performed, generally by an
injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG).
Commonly, known as the "trigger shot.“
• The egg retrieval is performed at a time usually between 34
and 36 hours after hCG injection.
• Egg retrieval is usually accomplished by transvaginal
ultrasound aspiration.
12. • Fertilization is started by adding 10,000-50,000 motile
sperms to about 100 µl to 1 ml culture medium in which the
oocytes is being incubated.
• Fertilisation check is performed the next day approximately
18 hours after sperm injection or insemination of the eggs.
• Usually 65% to 75% of mature eggs will fertilize after
insemination
• They are cultured in special incubators to support division
and development.
13. • Embryo transfer may be performed on day 2, 3 or 5 post
fertilization.
• One or more embryos suspended in a drop of culture
medium are drawn into a transfer catheter, a long, thin
sterile tube with a syringe on one end.
15. • It is a more invasive and expensive procedure
• In this procedure, both the sperm and the
unfertilized oocytes are transferred into the
fallopian tubes.
• Fertilization is then achieved in vivo.
17. TECHNIQUE
• Superovulation is done
• Two collected oocytes along with approximately 200,000–
500,000 motile sperm for each fallopian tube are placed in a
plastic tube container.
• It is then passed through laparoscope and inserted 4 cm
into the distal end of the fallopian tube where the
combination is injected.