Our concern is with the sex ratio in infancy and childhood, and we use this in order to examine the magnitude and implications of gender imbalance. More precisely, our focus in this paper is on the sex ratio (defined as the number of males per 100 females) from birth to 6 years of age—we shall refer to it simply as the child sex ratio (CSR). The narrowness of our focus has two advantages. First, whereas the overall population sex ratio is a complex aggregate that depends on many factors, the natural determinants of the child sex ratio are more limited, allowing us a cleaner analysis. Second, it is this ratio that is liable to be affected by selective abortions, whereas the population sex ratio moves only a little with these new developments.

1. PC & PNDT ACT
Child Sex Ratio
DR. SUJNANENDRA MISHRA
DISTRICT LEVEL

2. SEX RATIO

3. What is Sex Ratio:
• Sex ratio defined as the number of girls for
every 1,000 boys.
• The sex ratio is a measure that compares the
number of women and men in a particular
population group.

4. Sex Ratio, the golden ratio. What is NORMAL.
• Interestingly, populations do not come evenly balanced into male and female.
‘Nature’ appears to have evolved complex and differential evolutionary life
chances for the male and female of the human species.
• On average, slightly more boys than girls are born; but since the baby girl has
that slight biological edge over the male, more female babies survive, at least in
most parts of the world.
• Women tend to outlive men at the other end of the life cycle, leading to sex
ratios that increasingly favour women with age.
• Sex ratio at birth (SRB) is around 950 girls per 1000 boys, (or 105 boys per 100
girls) (UNFPA 2012), this therefore changes into a sex ratio favouring girls due to
their relatively lower mortality rates in ‘normal’ populations.
UNFPA

6. Sex Ratio at different stages of life.
sex ratio at birth is 110 boys per
100 girls for India (SRS 2009-11)

7. Where are the GIRLS missing ?
• Pre-Conception
• Selective planning (Sperm Sorting)
• Prenatal
• Prenatal Sex Determination
• Amniocentesis
• Chromosomal Testing
• Ultrasonography
• Sex Selective Abortion
• Childhood
• Neglect
• Abuse
• Adolescence
• Dowry
• Sexual Violence
• Low Esteem

8. Which Ratio is most appropriate
• If it is accepted that the differential sex selective – undercount, age
reporting and migration is negligible then, the sex ratio in the age-
group 0-6 years will be principally influenced by :
1. Sex ratio at birth
2. Sex selective mortality at younger ages
Better Single Indicator
Speaking
Multiple INDICES
Child Sex Ratio
(0 to 6 Years)
(CRB)

9. Violence
Throughout a Woman’s Life Cycle
Childhood
 Child
marriage
 Incest
 Female
Genital
Mutilation
Childhood, adolescence and adult life
 Denial of education, health care or food
 Early or unwanted pregnancy
 Sexual harassment
 Trafficking
 Rape
 Honor killings
 Forced Labour

10. How many girls
are missing at birth
in India?

13. It is estimated that 0.46 million girls
were missing at birth, on an average,
annually during 2001-2012.

14. Data Source: Census 2011
INDIA (State Level)
Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Years)
Name
(0-6 Years Population) Child
Sex
Ratio
Name
(0-6 Years Population)
Child Sex
RatioMales Females Males Females
Haryana 1843109 1537612 834 Odisha 2716497 2556697 941
Punjab 1665994 1410225 846 Goa 74460 70151 942
Jammu & Kashmir 1084355 934550 862 Nagaland 149785 141286 943
NCT of Delhi 1075440 937014 871 Tamil Nadu 3820276 3603556 943
Chandigarh 63536 55898 880 Jharkhand 2767147 2622348 948
Rajasthan 5639176 5010328 888 Karnataka 3675291 3485742 948
Uttarakhand 717199 638615 890 West Bengal 5410396 5171070 956
Gujarat 4115384 3661878 890 Sikkim 32761 31350 957
Maharashtra 7035391 6291126 894 Tripura 234008 224006 957
Uttar Pradesh 16185581 14605750 902 Assam 2363485 2274645 962
Daman & Diu 14144 12790 904 Kerala 1768244 1704711 964
Himachal Pradesh 407459 370439 909 Puducherry 67527 65331 967
Lakshadweep 3797 3458 911 A & N Is. 20770 20108 968
Madhya Pradesh 5636172 5173223 918 Chhattisgarh 1859935 1801754 969
D & N Haveli 26431 24464 926 Mizoram 85561 82970 970
Bihar 9887239 9246725 935 Meghalaya 288646 279890 970
Manipur 174700 163554 936 Arunachal Pradesh 107624 104564 972
Andhra Pradesh 4714950 4427852 939
>= 950 900 to 949 800 to 899 700 to 799 < 700

15. Odisha
CSR – District and Sub-District levels
(Police Station Wise)

16. Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Years) Odisha
District Level
Data Source: Census 2011
Mayurbhanj
Sundargarh
Sambalpur
Kendujhar
Jharsuguda
Balasore
Debagarh
Bargarh
Angul
Bhadrak
JajpurDhenkanal
Subarnapur
Nuapada
Balangir
Boudh
Kendrapara
Cuttack
Kandhamal
Nayagarh Khordha
Kalahandi
Jagatsinghpur
Gajapati
Puri
Nabarangpur
Rayagada
Ganjam
Koraput
Malkangiri
>= 950
900 to 949
800 to 899
700 to 799
< 700

17. Odisha (District Level)
Child Sex ratio (0-6 Years)
Data Source: Census 2011
>= 950 900 to 949 800 to 899 700 to 799 < 700
Name
(0-6 Years Population) Child Sex
Ratio
Name
(0-6 Years Population) Child Sex
RatioMales Females Males Females
Nayagarh 57599 49272 855 Sundargarh 135204 127956 946
Dhenkanal 74093 65003 877 Subarnapur 38335 36486 952
Anugul 80666 71737 889 Balangir 110658 105662 955
Ganjam 220159 199999 908 Bargarh 83267 79655 957
Cuttack 142037 129779 914 Kalahandi 113726 108844 957
Khordha 123879 113515 916 Mayurbhanj 179536 172298 960
Kendrapara 83654 77505 926 Kandhamal 55915 53794 962
Jajapur 112558 104246 926 Rayagada 75598 72924 965
Debagarh 20718 19199 927 Kendujhar 131885 127518 967
Jagatsinghapur 57155 53094 929 Gajapati 44212 42772 967
Puri 89496 83392 932 Baudh 31260 30587 978
Sambalpur 60744 57104 940 Koraput 113742 111384 979
Bhadrak 95048 89512 942 Nuapada 44600 43744 981
Jharsuguda 33341 31453 943 Malkangiri 54770 54322 992
Baleshwar 148565 140107 943 Nabarangapur 104077 103834 998

18. Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Years)
Odisha
Sub-District
(Police Station) Level
Data Source: Census 2011
>= 950
900 to 949
800 to 899
700 to 799
< 700

19. District : Balangir, Odisha

20. Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Years)
District Balangir
At Sub-District (Police Station) level
Data Source: Census 2011
>= 950
900 to 949
800 to 899
700 to 799
< 700
Turekela
Belpara
Khaprakhol
Patnagarh
Tushura
Balangir
Loisinga
Saintala
Kantabanji
Bangomunda
Sindhekela
Titlagarh
Urban Area

21. Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Years)
District : Balangir
At Sub-District (Police Station) level
Data Source: Census 2011
>= 950 900 to 949 800 to 899 700 to 799 < 700
Name
(0-6 Years Population)
Child Sex Ratio
Males Females
Loisinga 8949 8587 960
Balangir 20278 19395 956
Tushura 12315 11782 957
Patnagarh 11058 10422 942
Khaprakhol 6158 6171 1002
Turekela 4252 4101 964
Belpara 8548 8310 972
Saintala 10285 9681 941
Kantabanji 5183 4834 933
Bangomunda 5332 4980 934
Sindhekela 7122 6848 962
Titlagarh 11178 10551 944

22. Child Sex Ratio (0-6 Years)
(At Revenue Village level)
District Balangir
Data Source: Census 2011
>= 950
900 to 949
800 to 899
700 to 799
< 700
Forest Area
Urban Area
Depopulated Village