2. At the end of 2019, a novel coronavirus was
identified as the cause of a cluster of
pneumonia cases in Wuhan
In February 2020, the World Health
Organization designated the disease COVID-
19, which stands for coronavirus disease
2019
3. Name Derived from
Corona =CO
Virus=VI
Disease=D
Eruption in 2019=19
CO+VI+D+19=COVID 19
5. Geographic distribution
◦ Confirmed cases of COVID-19 > 3 lac
◦ Total Number of death >13000
◦ South Korea, Italy, Iran, and Japan, US and Spain
ofcourse china.
Transmission —
◦ initial association with a seafood market.
◦ person-to-person through respiratory droplet.
◦ Viral RNA levels appear to be higher soon after
symptom onset compared with later in the illness.
◦ Contact transmission rate is 1 to 5% among
contacts.
6. Elderly
With Co-morbid diseases like Diabetes, Heart
disease, Chronic diseases, etc.
On Immunosuppressant Drugs which reduces
IMMUNITY
7. Incubation period — The incubation period
for COVID-19 is thought to be within 14 days
following exposure, with most cases
occurring approximately four to five days
after exposure
8. Mild (no or mild pneumonia) is reported in 81%
Severe disease (eg, with dyspnea, hypoxia, or
>50 percent lung involvement on imaging
within 24 to 48 hours) is reported in 14%
Critical disease (eg, with respiratory failure,
shock, or multiorgan dysfunction) : 5%
The overall case fatality rate is 2.3%; no deaths
were reported among noncritical cases
9. Impact of age Individuals of any age can
acquire severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection,
although adults of middle age and older are
most commonly affected.
10. Asymptomatic infections
Initial presentation — Pneumonia appears to be
the most frequent serious manifestation of
infection, characterized primarily by fever, cough,
dyspnea, and bilateral infiltrates on chest
imaging
● Fever in 99 percent
● Fatigue in 70 percent
● Dry cough in 59 percent
● Anorexia in 40 percent
● Myalgia in 35 percent
● Dyspnea in 31 percent
● Sputum production in 27 percent
11. Age greater than 65 years, diabetes mellitus,
and hypertension are each associated with
greater risk of ARDS
Other complications include arrhythmias,
acute cardiac injury, and shock
12. Leukopenia, leukocytosis, and lymphopenia
Elevated lactate dehydrogenase and ferritin levels
are common
Elevated aminotransferase levels have also been
described
Imaging findings
Groundglass opacification with or without
consolidative abnormalities, consistent with viral
pneumonia
Chest CT abnormalities are more likely to be
bilateral, have a peripheral distribution, and
involve the lower lobes. Less common findings
include pleural thickening, pleural effusion, and
lymphadenopathy
13. Clinical suspicion and criteria for testing
◦ patients with fever and/or respiratory tract symptoms
(eg, cough, dyspnea) who have had any of the
following in the prior 14days:
1. Close contact with a confirmed or suspected
case of COVID-19
2. Residence in or travel to areas where
widespread community transmission has
been reported
3. Potential exposure through attendance at
events or spending time in specific settings
where COVID-19 cases have been reported
4. Severe lower respiratory tract illness
15. Site of care
Home care — Home management is
appropriate for patients with mild infection
who can be adequately isolated in the
outpatient setting.
16. 1. Test Based
2. Non test based
Test based
1. Resolution of fever.
2. Improvement in respiratory symptoms.
3. Negative results for COVID-19 from at least
two consecutive nasopharyngeal swab
specimens collected ≥24 hours apart.
17. At least seven days have passed since
symptoms first appeared AND
At least three days (72 hours) have passed
since recovery of symptoms
18. Oxygenation
Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation
intubation with mechanical ventilation.
Limited role of glucocorticoids
Uncertainty about NSAID use Acetaminophin
Investigational agents
Remdesivir
Chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine
Lopinavir-ritonavir
Tocilizumab
20. Screening and precautions for fever or
respiratory symptoms
wear a facemask
Separate waiting areas
recent travel or potential COVID-19 exposure
in the prior 14 days.
In areas where community transmission is
ongoing, postponing elective procedures or
non-urgent visits
21. medical mask
The WHO recommends standard, contact, and
droplet precautions (ie, gown, gloves, and mask),
with eye or face protection
Discontinuation of precautions
Resolution of clinical signs and symptoms and
negative results of reverse-transcription
polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing for
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2)on two sequential paired
nasopharyngeal and throat specimens with each
pair collected ≥24 hours apart
22. routine cleaning and disinfection procedures are
appropriate for COVID-19 virus
Preventing exposure
Diligent hand washing,
Respiratory hygiene (eg, covering the cough or
sneeze).
Avoiding touching the face (in particular eyes,
nose, and mouth).
Avoiding crowds (particularly in poorly ventilated
spaces)
Cleaning and disinfecting objects and surfaces
that are frequently touched.
23. For people without respiratory symptoms,
wearing a medical mask in the community is
not recommended.
Managing asymptomatic individuals with
potential exposure
self-isolation with social distancing
24. Who will wear?
◦ Healthy person doesn't require if NOT in gathering or
congested areas or in public transport
◦ MUST WEAR-All Health care Providers, in gathering or
congested areas or in public transport
Type of Mask?
◦ Surgical mask will serve to check transmission.
◦ N 95 mask only for Health care Providers who are dealing
cases.
Handling of Mask- Tie and un-tie with string only
mask should not be touched
26. Frequency of Hand washing?
◦Hand should be Properly washed
at least 30 seconds
Which Soap?
◦Any soap, cleaning is our aim
Which Sanitizers?
◦Any sanitizers but Alcohol Based
are better choice
30. Update yourself about COVID 19 time to time
Keep all precautions, not panic
Follow only authentic suggestions/updation.
Awareness by Unqualified Persons must be avoided
Refrain yourself from rumors.
Take active participations and contribute your role
as a “HERO/HEROIN” to fight against this COVID 19
MAHAMARI
Medical Fraternity (Who are on 24/7 duty) should
be encouraged & boosted by utmost tender care
and Love
