3. INTRODUCTION
Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) is a new material with
numerous exciting clinical applications.
MTA be one of the most versatile materials of this century in
the field of dentistry. Some of the appreciable
properties of MTA include its good physical properties and its
ability to stimulate tissue regeneration
as well as good pulp response.
4. HISTORY
It was introduced by mohmoud torabinejad
in 1993
It was improved for human usage by 1998
This material appear to be improvement
over other material for some procedure
that involve root repair and bone healing
6. * Portland cement(75%) is the major constituent.
It is responsible for the setting & biologic
properties.
* Bismuth oxide(20%) provides radiopacity.
* Gypsum (5%)is an important determinant of
setting time.
7. Portland cement is composed of 4 major
Components
dicalcium silicate
tricalcium aluminate
tetracalcium aluminoferrite
tricalcium silicate
8. * Dicalcium silicate hydrates more slowly than
tricalcium silicate & is responsiple for the latter’s
strength
* Tricalcium silicate is the most
important constituent of Portland
cement. It is the major component in the
formation of calcium silicate hydrate
which gives early strength to Portland
cement
9. .
* Aluminoferrite (contains iron) is present
in gray MTA. It is responsible for the gray
discoloration. It may discolor the tooth.
11. Gray MTA
. Contains aluminoferrite (contains
iron), which is responsible for the gray
discoloration. It discolors both the
tooth & gingival tissue close to the
repaired root surface..
4. Produces 43% more surface
hydroxyapatite crystals than WMTA in
an environment with PBS (phosphate-
buffered saline).
5. Induced dentin formation more
efficiently; high number of dentin
bridge formation (reparative dentin
12. White MTA(PROROOT)
1. Tooth-colored, due to lower amounts of
Fe2O3.
2. Smaller particles with narrower size
distribution (8 times smaller than that
of GMTA).
3. Greater compressive strength.
13. the main diffirance between
The difference observed between the 2 types of
MTA was the lack of iron ions in white MTA
14. * Hydration reaction.
* Notes: - MTA is called hydraulic silicate cement (HSC).
- It is called hydraulic cement
(i.e. sets & is stable under water) relying primarily on
hydration reactions for setting.
-The material consists primarily of calcium silicate.
*When mixed with water, MTA sets.The pH of MTA
increases from 10 to 12.5 three hours after mixing.
In high pH environment, the calcium ions that are
released from MTA react with phosphates in the tissue
fluid to form hydroxyapatite (the principal mineral in
teeth & bones).
15. MTA
Manipulation
Mixing: gray MTA & white MTA are mixed with
supplied sterile water in a powder to liquid
ratio of 3:1 according to the manufacturer’s
instruction.
Note: Poor handling properties.The loose sandy
nature of the mixture causes much difficulty
for the insertion & packing of MTA.
.
16.
17. Insertion: Ultrasonic-assisted condensation [the
ultrasonic vibration applied to endodontic
plugger(condenser)] is more efficient than hand
condensation in:
- the apical flowing of MTA (enable better flow).
- delaying bacterial leakage (enable better
adaptation).
- the production of denser MTA apical plug
18. MTA
*Thickness: 5-mm MTA apical plug provided
reduced microleakage.
* A Radiogragh is made.
* A moist (wet) cotton pellet is placed above the
MTA (to ensure setting), & a well-sealing
temporary restoration is placed.
Note: MTA sets 3-4 h after mixing.
*The patient is recalled when MTA has set (at
least 24 hours) for obturation & placement
of permanent restoration.
25. Apexification is ‘a method to induce a calcified
barrier in a root with an
open apex or the continued apical development of
an incomplete root in a tooth with a
necrotic pulp.’33
26. apexogenesis
Apexogenesis is ‘a vital pulp therapy
procedure performed to encourage continued
physiological development and formation
of the root end.’
27. contraindication
This material is not recommended for
obturation to the primary teeth that expect
to exfoliate since it slowly absorb
32. Due to setting expansion
Advantages of its longer setting time are
that, the quicker a material sets the
more it shrinks.This explains why MTA
in previous experiments had
significantly less dye and bacterial
leakage than other materials tested as
root filling materials.1,4,5
33. 6. Produces an artificial barrier,
against which an obturating material can
be condensed.
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