1. Writer: Duong Kim Thanh Class: QH2013.F1.E11
WRITING ASSIGNMENT 2
(Version 2)
Topic: Disscus this topic: “Effects of Globalization”
Globalization refers to the virtual contraction of the world into a small place
where all countries are inter-related with each other. It became possible due to
immense progress and growth in information technology and ultimate influences
on means of communication and transportation. Globalization is a 19th century
phenomenon during which countries started to build economic, political and
business ties with each other. There were many causes of globalization, but major
reasons are attributed with improved and fast means of transportation around the
world. Moreover, increased controls and communication are possible through swift
and immediate connections via satellite services and internet. Thus, this paper
explores the phenomena of globalization and focuses predomaninantly on
economical and cultural analysis of it.
In this regard, every aspect of national and international affairs such as
political, economic and education system, international markets and trade has
changed. As a matter of fact, there is a big difference between economical and
cultural system of evaluation of this phenomena. Cultural analyses of
globlalization refers to identification a dominant logic of globalization, which
means from the cultural point of view, globalization represents a phenomena with a
complex set of causes; frequently it can include cultural, ideological, political and
social aspects. From the point of economical perspective, the analysis may be
completed concerning such aspects as possible impact of the level of global
production and exchange of commodities; it implies static and dynamic analysis of
economies state and influence of technologies on them.
Economy is a critical part of political systems and has undergone many
changes through globalization. Some notable features include labor dynamics,
economic models and international commodities. As soon as the means of
transportation was expanded through globalization, not only did the business grow
but mass migration of labor from poorand developing countries was also observed.
An influx of labor occurred in developed countries where markets were stronger
and opportunities for work were plenty (Stalker, 2000; O’Rourke & Williamson,
2002). This migration has provided better work opportunities and independence for

2. Writer: Duong Kim Thanh Class: QH2013.F1.E11
labors, and increased production of goods and services. However, it also brings
about the negative consequences including poor regulation of working conditions
for labor issue of minimum wages, child labor and equal wages for women. In this
context, the rise of labor unions and legislations which safeguard labor rights have
contributed towards creating flexible work environments for workers.
Regarding business and economic systems, globalized capitalist economic
models have been imitated in most of the countries to stay interconnected and
survive in global economic systems. Mode of production of commodities has also
been globalized when raw materials are purchased from one country and products
are manufactured in another country. As a result, marketing and supply chains of
commodities are complex and contain many states in the line of production and
supply (O’Rourke& Williamson, 2002).
There are multiple implications of globalized and integrated marketing
systems, such as those in the European Union and United States. Some aspects are
in the favor of governments and international governmental organization while
some other aspects pose negative impacts on small national markets and individual
businessmen. These include governmental partnerships on various food, utility and
consumer goods and services; consequently improved economies through export
and import earnings. During the times of economic growth through increased
businesses, local political economies in member countries of integrated economic
systems grow their exchange reserves, but there are severe instabilities when the
economic meltdown starts. For example, the 27 countries block in European Union
suffers together when the value of common currency moves down the spiral (Amin
& Thrift, 1995). Contrary to the economic gains for governments through political
partnerships, local industries and individual businessmen face an economic crisis
due to increased imports of cheap products or raw materials from other countries
(Pinilla & Ayuda, 2010). The local industries of raw materials and processing units
collapse when their prices are not competitive with the prices of imported goods.
The case study of booming markets for Chinese raw material and products across
Europe, America and Australia provides a relevant example here (Bridge, 2002;
Ronnback, 2009).
Taking to the account the impact of globalization in culture sphere,
there are both positive and negative effects have been experienced. Societies have
undergone cultural changes and individuals are adapting to a cosmopolitan culture.
In this regard, western culture has been considered to be quite invasive for other
cultures and notion of cultural imperialism has gained strength to explain the
propagation of American culture throughout the world (James, 2005). It has been
suggested that Hollywood movies and television productions are main reasons

3. Writer: Duong Kim Thanh Class: QH2013.F1.E11
behind American culture imperialism. There are individual level changes as well,
in which social institutions like marriage, family, child rearing practices and
lifestyles are absorbing foreign influences. Individuals and societies from
developing countries try to imitate cultures and lifestyles in developed countries,
eventually the traditions, values, social practices, gender roles and social classes
are undergoing swift changes (Tomlinson, 1991; Tomlinson, 2003). Except in
some indigenous societies, micro-cultures have evolved, leading to formation of
diverse societies in terms of social norms and cultural practices.
Prior globalization, there were heterogeneous societies separated by
geographical barriers and lack of means of transportation and these societies had
distinct cultural identities. The critics of cultural globalization argue that cultural
globalization has victimized cultural identities of different societies. The fast
changing times of today represents a transition state in which societies are turning
homogeneous (Meyer & Geschiere, 1999). In this regard, globalized capitalism is
pervasive which ultimately leads to the promotion of goods belonging to western
cultures all over the world. Despite this promotion and invasiveness of western
cultures, according to some cultural theorists, the cultural identities are
strengthened by the process of globalization. The emergence of diversity and
recognition of multi-ethnic groups internationally create tensions for governments
in some countries, but these tensions actually give way to more powerful images of
specific cultures and cultural norms. In addition to this, to endorse their cultural
identities in a globalized world, the members of these in-groups tend to practice
their cultural norms with greater spirits (Tomlinson, 1991; Tomlinson, 2003).
In conclusion, globalization has affected the economic and social
systems across the world and has both positive and negative implications. At one
hand, there are open cultures, better education systems, globalized economics,
integrated markets and complex international affairs in terms of political, economic
and security policies. While on the other hand, there are issues of labor rights,
minimum wages, cultural invasiveness and economic downturns due to integrated
economies. However, globalization is moving in parallel to the social progress
across the world.

4. Writer: Duong Kim Thanh Class: QH2013.F1.E11
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