1.
Enhancing Village Level Healthcare in
Myanmar through Biomass Energy Access,
ICS and ICT from Forest Sector
By
Dr. Chaw Chaw Sein , Staff Officer, Forest Research
Institute

2.
Country Profile
Population
53million (2016)
Location
 located in main-land Southeast Asia
 Latitudes = 9° 58 to 28° 29 North
 Longitudes = 92° 10 to 101° 10 East
Area
 Total land area = 676,577 km2
 Length (north to south) = 2,051 km
Maximum width (west to east) = 936 km
 Climate
 Temperature
25° C to 33° C (Rainy Season)
10° C to 25° C (Cold Season)
32° C to 38° C (Hot Season)
43° C (Maximum Temperature)
 Rainfall
Minimum rainfall = 500 mm
Maximum rainfall = 5, 000 mm
 Forest cover - 31,773,000 ha
 135 different nationalities
 70% of total population lives in rural areas
 More than 12 million people, or 24% of the total
population, are living in the mountainous areas.
 Agriculture and forestry industries are the main
organs of the Myanmar economy of the country
Introduction

3.
 Myanmar has abundant renewable energy resources.
 Almost 80% of the primary energy is being supplied
(i) Fuel-wood,
(ii) Charcoal,
(iii) Bamboo
(iv) Agricultural residue and
(v) Animal waste.

4.
 Wood & Bamboo is a biomass fuel &
renewable.
 Plant new trees to replace cut down,
 Low cost and indigenous nature,
 Almost 15% of the world's total
energy supply
 35% in developing countries, cooking
and heating.

5.
Forest Cover Status of Myanmar

6.
Forest Cover Status of Myanmar (FRA 2015)
FRA 2015
Area % of total
country area(,000 ha)
Closed forest 14585 21.55
Open forest 14456 21.37
Total forest 29041 42.92
Other Wooded land 15080 22.29
Others 21634 31.98
Water body 1903 2.81
Total 67658 100

7.
Implementing activities by Forest Department to
supply National Energy Policy

8.
 Forest sector is supplying fuelwood and charcoal (76.41%) .
 1990-2010, annual deforestation rate 0.55%
Establishment of Village Supply Plantation
Distribution of Improved Cooking Stoves
Utilization of Agricultural Residues
Awareness Raising and
Research and Development

9.
No. Year
Village supply
Plantation
(Areas)
1 2011-2012 to
2015-2016
25,650
2 2016-2017 to
2020-2021
21,250
3 2021-2022 to
2025-2026
21,250
4 2026-2027 to
2030-2031
21,250
Total 89,400
Establishment of Village Supply
Plantation

10.
No. Year
Community
Forest (Areas)
1 2011-2012 to
2015-2016
327,996
2 2016-2017 to
2020-2021
352,563
3 2021-2022 to
2025-2026
312,231
4 2026-2027 to
2030-2031
1185,143
Total 2267,655
Establishment of Community
Forest

11.
No. Year
Seedlings ( in
Billions)
1 2011-2012 to
2015-2016
68.35
2 2016-2017 to
2020-2021
50.0
3 2021-2022 to
2025-2026
50.0
4 2026-2027 to
2030-2031
50.0
Total 218.35
Distribution of Seedlings for Green
Programmes and Tree Planting Festivals

12.
No. Year
Improved Cooking
Stoves
( number)
1 2011-2012 to
2015-2016
262,500
2 2016-2017 to
2020-2021
257,500
3 2021-2022 to
2025-2026
237,500
4 2026-2027 to
2030-2031
237,500
Total 995,000
Distribution of Improved Cooking Stoves

13.
No. Year
Fuel Briquettes
(number in billions)
1 2011-2012 to
2015-2016
12.00
2 2016-2017 to
2020-2021
10.815
3 2021-2022 to
2025-2026
10.815
4 2026-2027 to
2030-2031
10.815
Total 44.445
Distribution of Fuel briquettes

14.
No. Year
Agricultural residues
(Tons)
1 2011-2012 to
2015-2016
100,000
2 2016-2017 to
2020-2021
29,400
3 2021-2022 to
2025-2026
29,400
4 2026-2027 to
2030-2031
29,400
Total 188,200
Utilization of Agricultural residues

15.
Improved Cookstove Development Programme in
Myanmar
The traditional open-fire stove which is most widely used in the
rural area of Myanmar has and efficiency of only about 5 to 15%.
This method is consumed more fuelwoods and pollution to
environment..
To replace with improved ones, the demand for fuelwood would be
reduced drastically.
The Myanmar ICS programme started in Forest Research Institute,
Yezin in 1986. Initially, traditional commercial stoves were studied
and some ICS were developed and tested.

16.
Traditional Open-Fire Cookstove
•More utilization of fuel woods
( lead to deforestation)
•More emission of smoke
•Dangerous for firing
•Dirty to environment and
cooking pots
•Air pollution
•Not Good for HealthCare

17.
Research and Development of A-1 Fuelwood Cookstove
Some fuelwood and charcoal cookstoves were made and tested
at FRI in 1992.
 160 fuelwood stoves were made initially.
 Out of these, 45 stoves were given to the Pilot Watershed
Management Project for field trial.
According to the response of the users, A1 ICS
- can save about 30% of fuelwood consumption compared to
the traditional cookstove
- take short time for cooking.

18.
Comparative Testing on Open-Fire, A.1 Improved
Cookstoves and Biomass Clean Cookstoves

19.
Sr.
No.
Stove Name Fuelwood
consumption
(gm)
Saving of
fuelwood(%)
1. Open-Fire 287.48 -
2. Biomass Clean
Cookstove
182.47 36.52
3 A.1 Improved Cookstove 180.06 37.36
Comparative Study on Fuelwood Saving Percent of Open-Fire
Stove and Some Improved Cookstoves

20.
A.1 Improved Cookstove
( Comparisons with Traditional Cookstove )
 Saving of fuelwood consumption 40%
 Reduced Cooking Time 40%
 Reduce amount of Particulate Matter 35%
 Reduce amount of Carbon monoxide 60%
 Height efficiency
 Stove Type Clay
 Stove Price 1,500 Kyats
 Producer Forest Department
 Location Forest Research Institute, Yezin
 Fuel Type Fuelwood and Agriculture
residues

21.
7. Benefits
 Can save about 40% fuelwood consumption compared to
traditional open- fire cookstove.
 Reduce cooking time (faster cooking) and also fuel wood
consumption.
 Less smoke compare to traditional open-fire cookstove.
 Less carbon emissions to the atmosphere.
 Potable stove can be easy to move.

22.
Distribution of A-1 Improved Cookstoves to
Rural People by REDD+ Project

23.
Distribution of improved cooking stoves in
REDD+ Site

24.
Awareness Raising

25.
Challenges
• Most households from rural areas mainly depend on
fuel-wood.
• Due to sustainable utilization of fuel-wood from the
natural forests, most of the forest are changes into
degraded forests as bush types.
• Climate change impacts is occurred; less rainfall and high
temperature due to shortage of monsoon.
• As a consequences, crop production is decreased and
local people suffer from poverty.

26.
How could we control fuel-wood consumption?
Giving awareness
 to use improved cooking stoves
 to utilize fuel briquettes
 to use agricultural wastes
 by public talks
 for the establishment of model village for the utilization of
fuel-wood substitutes..

27.
Why do we promote utilization of agricultural wastes ?
• 70% of total population is rural people and their main livelihood
activity is agriculture.
• (10) tonnes of agricultural wastes is enough for annual household
cooking .
• Utilization of agricultural waste is save for collection of fuel-wood
and for money in cooking.
• Due to less dependence of forests for fuel-wood, the environment
will be more pleasant and climate condition will be much better
and as a consequence crop productivity and socio-economic
conditions of local people can be improved.

28.
Production and distribution of A1improved cooking stoves
 To reduce the production of fuel-wood from the natural forests.
 To support the environmental conservation activities

29.
Cooperation with NGOs and
Forest Department

30.
ENERGY ACCESS AT
MERCY CORPS

31.
 Increase rural communities’ access to clean stoves,
reduce energy poverty and contribute to
environmental conservation efforts in Myanmar
Program Goal

32.
 Myanmar’s first carbon
project
 Goal: To catalyze a market
system to address energy
poverty and create
livelihood opportunities
for sales agents
Myanmar Stove Campaign (MSC)

33.
Fund Providers

34.
 Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environmental Conservation,
Department of Forestry
 Orbis Development Partners
Implementing Partners

35.
Distribution Models
Agents Consumers
ConsumersPartner Agents

36.
Accomplishments
 Network of 406 vendors in nearly 600 villages
 537 awareness campaigns/month + follow-up support
 19,234 stoves sold so far
 Over Ks177 million collected in revenue
 Women Empowerment Fund support to strengthen
Myanmar Stove Campaign business model and is testing a
hypothesis that a gender-informed business model is more
effective

37.
GERES

38.
SCALE Project Overview
Engaging in
the national
policy
dialogue to
develop
favorable
policy
frameworks
Policy
Creating
market
conditions
for
upscaling,
informed
decision
making and
replication
Demand
Fostering
high added-
value ICS
supply chain
through
best
practices,
technology
and know-
how
transfer
Supply
Upscaling Improved Cookstove (ICS) Dissemination in Myanmar
through replication of best practices from Cambodia and the region

39.
These kinds of stoves were identified during the primary
research across 7 regions of Myanmar
GERES - Overview of Clean Cookstove and Fuel Sectors in Myanmar | 01/03/2017 |
• FUEL USED: Almost
exclusively wood, and rarely
with charcoal
• FUEL USED: Wood, charcoal
or biomass
• FUEL USED: Almost
exclusively wood
Three Stone Fires Mud StovesTripods
• FUEL USED: Mainly wood but
also charcoal and residue
• FUEL USED: Mainly
charcoal but also wood
identified
• FUEL USED: Wood or charcoal
A1 Stoves
Charcoal /
Multipurpose StovesCarved Stone Stoves

40.
• FUEL USED: Mainly rice
husks, but also other
agricultural residues
• FUEL USED: Use only with
wood was identified
Rice Husk Stoves Iron Stoves
• FUEL USED: Electricity • FUEL USED: Liquid
petroleum
Electric Stoves LPG Stoves
Source: GERES ,2017

41.
37%
24%
13%
10%
4% 4% 2% 2% 1% 0%
Country Wide
Across the country, the electric stove was reported to be the aspirational
stove for most peri-urban (43%) and rural (33%) respondents
Rural & Peri-Urban Preferred Stoves
Source: Myanmar Household Survey
Preferred Stove, % of respondents (Country, Peri-Urban and Rural)

42.
“Establishment of a Knowledge and Training Centre
for Bioenergy and other Renewable Energy
Sources in Myanmar”
 The Energy Farm, International Foundation
Roykenviklinna 611,2760 Brandbu
 TREI & FRI , Myanmar
Proposed Project

43.
 Gasifier for power production
 Demonstration of biomass gasifier for institutional
cooking
 Demonstration and dissemination of Improved cook
stoves
 Solar energy for power production
 Solar energy for rural lighting
 Solar water pumping
 Solar street lighting
 Energy for Telecom towers
Implemented Activities

44.
 Floating Drum Plants KVIC type
 Janta Model Biogas Plant
 Deenbandhu Model Biogas Plant
 Developing Model biomass plantations for securing
rural energy
Demonstration of improved design of biogas
plant

45.
 Need to create energy access not only forest biomass but also
off grid assess and sustainability within villages.
 To improve livelihood and quality of life in the rural sector.
 To address the carbon footprint at village level.
 To promote social ventures to challenge grassroots issues.
 To lead community-driven interventions to smart villages
and rural development.
Key Issues

46.
Wayforward
 Utilize Bio Wastes by modifying as renewable fuel and producing
Electricity & Thermal Energy
 Conduct more Research and Innovation on Bio energy Technology
to mitigate Pollution and Energy Efficiency
 Important to pay attention on current commercially available
Gasifier Electrification System to improve and make use as a source
for Off Grid Electrification for rural development.
 Introducing Bio energy Farm and Smart Villages

47.
Thanks a Lot for Your Kind Attention