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INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
Module 3  Unit 8  Lesson 1 1
Food Storage
in
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Introduction
Plants which grow in places that have a
prolonged dry period, either in the
winter or in the summer, or where there
is too much competition for other
necessities of life at certain times of the
year such that there is the likelihood of
dying, often store food in underground
storage organs.
2
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Objectives
You should be able to:
1. describe the importance of storage of
food materials in living organisms.
2. accurately identify and describe the
external structure of various storage
organs in flowering plants.
3. give examples of food materials stored
in specific plant organs.
3
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Food Storage in ‘Higher’ Plants
• ‘Higher’ (flowering) plants make
food (sugars) during
photosynthesis.
• Sugars are translocated to other
plant parts, converted to starch,
lipids and proteins and stored.
• Some of the food is used for growth
and development and in activities
that require energy.
4
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Food Storage
• Because their purpose is to conserve
food, mainly to be used by a newly
growing plant until it can make its own
food, the storage areas are all relatively
large and fleshy.
• The storage areas are usually plants
parts modified as under-ground storage
organs, but other plant parts above
ground can also act as storage organs.
5
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Food Storage Organs
There are several types of underground
storage organs formed from modified
stems or roots, and they are often found
in monocot plants.
To review food storage organs, go to the
menu on the left and point and click on
the buttons LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS and SHORT TERM FOOD
STORAGE ORGANS.
6
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Long-term storage organs
• Most stem and root-storage organs store
foods so that the plant can use it when it
reproduces itself after a period of
adverse conditions.
• All long-term storage organs therefore
function as perennating or vegetative
reproductive organs.
• Go the next slide to see examples on
long term food storage organs.
7
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Examples of Long-term Storage Organs
8
A. Underground stem storage organs
Examples: Tubers, Rhizomes, Corms
B. Underground storage leaves
Example: Bulbs
C . Aboveground storage organs
Example: Swollen stems
D. Special storage roots
Example: Tubers, Swollen Tap roots
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
A. Underground stem storage organs
Example 1: Stem Tuber
• A tuber is a fleshy storage organ formed
from a stem (or a root).
• A potato tuber is formed at the end of
the underground stem, and can produce
new shoots from ‘eyes’ or buds on its
surface.
9
More examples of
Long-term Storage Organs
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
A. Underground stem storage organs
Example 1: Stem Tuber – Irish Potato
10
More examples of
Long-term Storage Organs
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
A. Underground stem storage organs
Example 1: Stem Tuber – Irish Potato
11
More examples of
Long-term Storage Organs
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
A. Underground stem storage organs
Example 2: Rhizome
• A rhizome is a stem bearing leaves and
roots, which grows horizontally on or
just below the soil surface. It becomes
swollen with stored food.
• A rhizome is similar to a corm, but new
rhizomes are not produced annually.
Instead, the older parts die off and the
tips of the rhizome grow longer.
12
More examples of
Long-term Storage Organs
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
A. Underground stem storage organs
Example 2: Rhizome - Rhizome of Ginger
13
More examples of
Long-term Storage Organs
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
A. Underground stem storage organs
Example 2: Rhizome Rhizomes usually have
scaly reduced leaves along their surface,
which have resting buds in the axils.
14
More examples of
Long-term Storage Organs
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
A. Underground stem storage organs
Example 3: Corm
A corm is formed from the under-ground
base of the stem swollen with stored food.
Buds form at the top of the stem, and there
may also be smaller secondary buds on the
outside of the corm. Roots grow out from
the underside of the corm.
15
More examples of
Long-term Storage Organs
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
A. Underground stem storage organs
Example 3: Corm – Gladiolus
16
More examples of
Long-term Storage Organs
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
B. Underground Storage Leaves
Example 1: Bulb
• A bulb is an underground storage organ.
The body of the bulb is made up of
layers of fleshy scales which are modified
storage leaves.
• At the bottom of the bulb is a thin, flat
compressed stem (plate or disc) and the
roots grow from the underside of this
disc.
17
More examples of
Long-term Storage Organs
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
B. Underground Storage Leaves
Example 1: Bulb - Onion
18
More examples of
Long-term Storage Organs
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
B. Underground Storage Leaves
Example 1: Bulb
• In the centre of the bulb is the apical bud
for the next year's flowering shoot.
• There are usually also one or more
axillary buds found at leaf axil positions
between the swollen leaves at points
that would be nodes on a regular stem.
• The outer covering is a dry scale leaf that
forms a tunic around the bulb.
19
More examples of
Long-term Storage Organs
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
B. Underground Storage Leaves
Example 1: Bulb - Garlic
20
More examples of
Long-term Storage Organs
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
C. Above ground storage organs
Example : Storage stems - Sugar cane
• Because all of these long-term storage
organs are stems, they have scale leaves
and buds which can grow into new
plants when environmental conditions
are favourable.
21
More examples of
Long-term Storage Organs
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
C. Above-ground Storage stem
Example: Storage stems -Sugar cane stems
22
More examples of
Long-term Storage Organs
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
D. Special Storage Roots
• They do not have buds, but adventitious
buds may develop and grow into new
plants.
• Root tubers e.g. Sweet potato, are
adventitious roots in which starch is
stored.
• Swollen tap root, such as Carrot, is a
main root in which sugars are stored.
23
More examples of
Long-term Storage Organs
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
D. Special Storage Roots
Example 1: Root Tubers – Sweet Potato
24
More examples of
Long-term Storage Organs
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
D. Special Storage Roots
Example 1: Root Tubers – Cassava
25
More examples of
Long-term Storage Organs
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
D. Special Storage Roots
26
Example 2: Storage Tap roots - Carrot
More examples of
Long-term Storage Organs
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
• Example 2: Storage Tap roots
D. Special Storage Roots
27
Radish Turnip
More examples of
Long-term Storage Organs
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Activity: Look at each storage organ labelled A-F and indicate what type of storage
organ it is by clicking on one of the letters A-F. A “bomb” sound indicates an incorrect
response. A “tick” indicates a correct response. Click the CHECK button for additional
feedback.
An example of a corm is:
An example of a rhizome is:
An example of a bulb.
An example of a root tuber.
An example of a stem tuber.
An example of a swollen tap root.
28
A B C D FE
A B C D E F
A B C D E F
A B C D E F
A B C D E F
A B C D E F
A B C D E F
CHECK
More examples of
Long-term Storage Organs
C
D
B
E
F
A
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Feedback on Activity
29
An example of a corm is C, which represents a corm with storage base of stem e.g.
Dahlia
An example of a rhizome is D, which represents an underground horizontal storage
stem e.g. Ginger.
An example of a bulb is B, which represents a bulb with storage leaves e.g. Onion.
An example of a root tuber is E, which represents storage adventitious roots e.g. Sweet
potato.
An example of a stem tuber is F , which represents an underground storage stem tip
e.g. Irish Potato.
An example of a swollen tap root is A , which represents a swollen tap root e.g. Carrot.
A B C D FE
More examples of
Long-term Storage Organs
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Short-term Storage Organs
• Fruits and Seeds store food for short
periods.
• Stored foods attract birds, insects and
other animals including humans who aid
in dispersal of the seeds when they eat
the fleshy fruits and discard the seeds.
30
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Short-term Storage Organs - Fruits
Example 1: Fleshy fruits - Apple
31
“American” Apple
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Short-term Storage Organs - Fruits
Example 1: Fleshy fruits
Cherries Mangoes
32
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Short-term Storage Organs - Fruits
• Some fruits are eaten green or
unripened as vegetables because of the
food nutrient(s) they store.
• Humans eat these ‘vegetables’ as food
because they are a rich source of
vitamins, minerals and also
carbohydrates.
33
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Short-term Storage Organs - Fruits
34
For the plants, they are storage organs
rich with food to nourish the embryos
when seeds begin to germinate.
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Short-term Storage Organs - Fruits
Example 2: Vegetables with fleshy storage
tissue
35
X.S Pumpkin
L.S. Cucumber
X.S. Tomato
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Short-term Storage Organs - Seeds
36
String beans Peas
Example: Vegetable with food stored in seeds
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Short-term Storage Organs - Seeds
• Seeds may also store foods to be used
by the embryo during germination for its
for development and energy-requiring
activities until the new plant can make
its own food.
• The food is stored in the cotyledon/s
and sometimes also in the endosperm.
37
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
Short-term Storage Organs - Seeds
38
Peanut (seeds) and pods (left)
One Cotyledon with stored
food and embryo plant (right)
Example: Food stored in seeds
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Short-term Storage Organs - Seeds
Seeds can store food as liquid or solid
The Coconut has a rich store of foods in the
liquid and the solid endosperm.
39
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Think about this …
40
From their taste, what foods are stored in
each of these fruits?
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Tests for food nutrients
1. Carry out food tests on a variety of
food samples from plants and animals.
2. Use a different set of samples than
your classmates on either side, then
compare your results.
3. Present your collective results in
tabular form.
Activity
-Testing a leaf for starch
Dip a leaf into boiling water for
about a minute (to soften it).
Turn off the Bunsen burner.
Put the leaf into a test-tube of
ethanol (to remove chlorophyll).
Stand the test-tube in a beaker of
hot water for about 10 minutes.
Wash the leaf in cold water.
Spread the leaf out flat on a petri
dish and cover it with iodine
solution (tests for starch).
If the leaf goes blue-black,
starch is present. 41
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Why do ‘higher’ plants store food?
• So that they do not always have to make,
seek for or take in food.
• To withstand adverse growing or
environmental conditions.
• Provides food for the embryo.
• Used for energy-requiring activities.
• It helps with dispersal of seeds.
42
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Summary
Plants make and store food for their own
use and especially to ensure the survival
and continuity of their species.
Animals, such as humans who cannot
make their own food, must rely on plants
- either directly or indirectly – for their
stored food to meet the animal’s
metabolic requirements.
43
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
X
INTRODUCTION
FOOD STORAGE
EXPLAINED
LONG TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
SHORT TERM
FOOD STORAGE
ORGANS
WHY STORE
FOOD?
FOOD TESTS
Credits
• Slide 2: http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ecoph9.htm
• Slide 2 Cashew
http://www.cardochem.com/images/cashew-fruit.jpg
• Slide 1 Potato :
http://www.tajagroproducts.com/countries/images/flags
%20countries_taj%20agro/potato%20plant.jpg
44

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Biology M3 Food Storage in flowering plants

  • 1. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X Module 3  Unit 8  Lesson 1 1 Food Storage in
  • 2. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Introduction Plants which grow in places that have a prolonged dry period, either in the winter or in the summer, or where there is too much competition for other necessities of life at certain times of the year such that there is the likelihood of dying, often store food in underground storage organs. 2
  • 3. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Objectives You should be able to: 1. describe the importance of storage of food materials in living organisms. 2. accurately identify and describe the external structure of various storage organs in flowering plants. 3. give examples of food materials stored in specific plant organs. 3
  • 4. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Food Storage in ‘Higher’ Plants • ‘Higher’ (flowering) plants make food (sugars) during photosynthesis. • Sugars are translocated to other plant parts, converted to starch, lipids and proteins and stored. • Some of the food is used for growth and development and in activities that require energy. 4
  • 5. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Food Storage • Because their purpose is to conserve food, mainly to be used by a newly growing plant until it can make its own food, the storage areas are all relatively large and fleshy. • The storage areas are usually plants parts modified as under-ground storage organs, but other plant parts above ground can also act as storage organs. 5
  • 6. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Food Storage Organs There are several types of underground storage organs formed from modified stems or roots, and they are often found in monocot plants. To review food storage organs, go to the menu on the left and point and click on the buttons LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS and SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS. 6
  • 7. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Long-term storage organs • Most stem and root-storage organs store foods so that the plant can use it when it reproduces itself after a period of adverse conditions. • All long-term storage organs therefore function as perennating or vegetative reproductive organs. • Go the next slide to see examples on long term food storage organs. 7
  • 8. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Examples of Long-term Storage Organs 8 A. Underground stem storage organs Examples: Tubers, Rhizomes, Corms B. Underground storage leaves Example: Bulbs C . Aboveground storage organs Example: Swollen stems D. Special storage roots Example: Tubers, Swollen Tap roots
  • 9. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS A. Underground stem storage organs Example 1: Stem Tuber • A tuber is a fleshy storage organ formed from a stem (or a root). • A potato tuber is formed at the end of the underground stem, and can produce new shoots from ‘eyes’ or buds on its surface. 9 More examples of Long-term Storage Organs
  • 10. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS A. Underground stem storage organs Example 1: Stem Tuber – Irish Potato 10 More examples of Long-term Storage Organs
  • 11. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS A. Underground stem storage organs Example 1: Stem Tuber – Irish Potato 11 More examples of Long-term Storage Organs
  • 12. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS A. Underground stem storage organs Example 2: Rhizome • A rhizome is a stem bearing leaves and roots, which grows horizontally on or just below the soil surface. It becomes swollen with stored food. • A rhizome is similar to a corm, but new rhizomes are not produced annually. Instead, the older parts die off and the tips of the rhizome grow longer. 12 More examples of Long-term Storage Organs
  • 13. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS A. Underground stem storage organs Example 2: Rhizome - Rhizome of Ginger 13 More examples of Long-term Storage Organs
  • 14. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS A. Underground stem storage organs Example 2: Rhizome Rhizomes usually have scaly reduced leaves along their surface, which have resting buds in the axils. 14 More examples of Long-term Storage Organs
  • 15. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS A. Underground stem storage organs Example 3: Corm A corm is formed from the under-ground base of the stem swollen with stored food. Buds form at the top of the stem, and there may also be smaller secondary buds on the outside of the corm. Roots grow out from the underside of the corm. 15 More examples of Long-term Storage Organs
  • 16. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS A. Underground stem storage organs Example 3: Corm – Gladiolus 16 More examples of Long-term Storage Organs
  • 17. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS B. Underground Storage Leaves Example 1: Bulb • A bulb is an underground storage organ. The body of the bulb is made up of layers of fleshy scales which are modified storage leaves. • At the bottom of the bulb is a thin, flat compressed stem (plate or disc) and the roots grow from the underside of this disc. 17 More examples of Long-term Storage Organs
  • 18. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS B. Underground Storage Leaves Example 1: Bulb - Onion 18 More examples of Long-term Storage Organs
  • 19. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS B. Underground Storage Leaves Example 1: Bulb • In the centre of the bulb is the apical bud for the next year's flowering shoot. • There are usually also one or more axillary buds found at leaf axil positions between the swollen leaves at points that would be nodes on a regular stem. • The outer covering is a dry scale leaf that forms a tunic around the bulb. 19 More examples of Long-term Storage Organs
  • 20. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS B. Underground Storage Leaves Example 1: Bulb - Garlic 20 More examples of Long-term Storage Organs
  • 21. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS C. Above ground storage organs Example : Storage stems - Sugar cane • Because all of these long-term storage organs are stems, they have scale leaves and buds which can grow into new plants when environmental conditions are favourable. 21 More examples of Long-term Storage Organs
  • 22. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS C. Above-ground Storage stem Example: Storage stems -Sugar cane stems 22 More examples of Long-term Storage Organs
  • 23. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS D. Special Storage Roots • They do not have buds, but adventitious buds may develop and grow into new plants. • Root tubers e.g. Sweet potato, are adventitious roots in which starch is stored. • Swollen tap root, such as Carrot, is a main root in which sugars are stored. 23 More examples of Long-term Storage Organs
  • 24. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS D. Special Storage Roots Example 1: Root Tubers – Sweet Potato 24 More examples of Long-term Storage Organs
  • 25. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS D. Special Storage Roots Example 1: Root Tubers – Cassava 25 More examples of Long-term Storage Organs
  • 26. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS D. Special Storage Roots 26 Example 2: Storage Tap roots - Carrot More examples of Long-term Storage Organs
  • 27. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS • Example 2: Storage Tap roots D. Special Storage Roots 27 Radish Turnip More examples of Long-term Storage Organs
  • 28. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Activity: Look at each storage organ labelled A-F and indicate what type of storage organ it is by clicking on one of the letters A-F. A “bomb” sound indicates an incorrect response. A “tick” indicates a correct response. Click the CHECK button for additional feedback. An example of a corm is: An example of a rhizome is: An example of a bulb. An example of a root tuber. An example of a stem tuber. An example of a swollen tap root. 28 A B C D FE A B C D E F A B C D E F A B C D E F A B C D E F A B C D E F A B C D E F CHECK More examples of Long-term Storage Organs C D B E F A
  • 29. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Feedback on Activity 29 An example of a corm is C, which represents a corm with storage base of stem e.g. Dahlia An example of a rhizome is D, which represents an underground horizontal storage stem e.g. Ginger. An example of a bulb is B, which represents a bulb with storage leaves e.g. Onion. An example of a root tuber is E, which represents storage adventitious roots e.g. Sweet potato. An example of a stem tuber is F , which represents an underground storage stem tip e.g. Irish Potato. An example of a swollen tap root is A , which represents a swollen tap root e.g. Carrot. A B C D FE More examples of Long-term Storage Organs
  • 30. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Short-term Storage Organs • Fruits and Seeds store food for short periods. • Stored foods attract birds, insects and other animals including humans who aid in dispersal of the seeds when they eat the fleshy fruits and discard the seeds. 30
  • 31. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Short-term Storage Organs - Fruits Example 1: Fleshy fruits - Apple 31 “American” Apple
  • 32. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Short-term Storage Organs - Fruits Example 1: Fleshy fruits Cherries Mangoes 32
  • 33. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Short-term Storage Organs - Fruits • Some fruits are eaten green or unripened as vegetables because of the food nutrient(s) they store. • Humans eat these ‘vegetables’ as food because they are a rich source of vitamins, minerals and also carbohydrates. 33
  • 34. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Short-term Storage Organs - Fruits 34 For the plants, they are storage organs rich with food to nourish the embryos when seeds begin to germinate.
  • 35. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Short-term Storage Organs - Fruits Example 2: Vegetables with fleshy storage tissue 35 X.S Pumpkin L.S. Cucumber X.S. Tomato
  • 36. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Short-term Storage Organs - Seeds 36 String beans Peas Example: Vegetable with food stored in seeds
  • 37. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Short-term Storage Organs - Seeds • Seeds may also store foods to be used by the embryo during germination for its for development and energy-requiring activities until the new plant can make its own food. • The food is stored in the cotyledon/s and sometimes also in the endosperm. 37
  • 38. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X Short-term Storage Organs - Seeds 38 Peanut (seeds) and pods (left) One Cotyledon with stored food and embryo plant (right) Example: Food stored in seeds
  • 39. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Short-term Storage Organs - Seeds Seeds can store food as liquid or solid The Coconut has a rich store of foods in the liquid and the solid endosperm. 39
  • 40. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Think about this … 40 From their taste, what foods are stored in each of these fruits?
  • 41. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Tests for food nutrients 1. Carry out food tests on a variety of food samples from plants and animals. 2. Use a different set of samples than your classmates on either side, then compare your results. 3. Present your collective results in tabular form. Activity -Testing a leaf for starch Dip a leaf into boiling water for about a minute (to soften it). Turn off the Bunsen burner. Put the leaf into a test-tube of ethanol (to remove chlorophyll). Stand the test-tube in a beaker of hot water for about 10 minutes. Wash the leaf in cold water. Spread the leaf out flat on a petri dish and cover it with iodine solution (tests for starch). If the leaf goes blue-black, starch is present. 41
  • 42. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Why do ‘higher’ plants store food? • So that they do not always have to make, seek for or take in food. • To withstand adverse growing or environmental conditions. • Provides food for the embryo. • Used for energy-requiring activities. • It helps with dispersal of seeds. 42
  • 43. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Summary Plants make and store food for their own use and especially to ensure the survival and continuity of their species. Animals, such as humans who cannot make their own food, must rely on plants - either directly or indirectly – for their stored food to meet the animal’s metabolic requirements. 43
  • 44. INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS X INTRODUCTION FOOD STORAGE EXPLAINED LONG TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS SHORT TERM FOOD STORAGE ORGANS WHY STORE FOOD? FOOD TESTS Credits • Slide 2: http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ecoph9.htm • Slide 2 Cashew http://www.cardochem.com/images/cashew-fruit.jpg • Slide 1 Potato : http://www.tajagroproducts.com/countries/images/flags %20countries_taj%20agro/potato%20plant.jpg 44

Editor's Notes

  1. Mango http://hawaiirama.com/files/2007/05/mango.jpg
  2. http://theseedsite.co.uk/bulbs.html
  3. http://courses.cropsci.ncsu.edu/cs414/cs414_web/CH_1_2005_files/image006.jpg
  4. http://theseedsite.co.uk/bulbs.html
  5. http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-iii/angiosperm-morphology/underground-stem-modifications.php
  6. http://theseedsite.co.uk/bulbs.html
  7. http://theseedsite.co.uk/bulbs.html
  8. http://www.tutorvista.com/content/biology/biology-iii/angiosperm-morphology/underground-stem-modifications.php
  9. http://0101.netclime.net/1_5/0f5/1e8/0c0/1191416194782144.jpg
  10. http://www.answers.com/topic/sweet-potato
  11. http://image.tutorvista.com/content/reproduction/root-tubers-of-dahila.jpeg
  12. www.fotosearch.com/photos-images/carrot.html
  13. RADISH: aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu Turnip: http://www.redpepperland.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/12/turnip2.jpg
  14. http://openlearn.open.ac.uk/file.php/2314/S204_1_013i.jpg
  15. http://jbworld.jbs.st-louis.mo.us/science/resources/flower/fruit1.html
  16. http://www.fotosearch.com/photos-images/mango.html
  17. http://jbworld.jbs.st-louis.mo.us/science/resources/flower/fruit2.html
  18. http://jbworld.jbs.st-louis.mo.us/science/resources/reproductionhigherplants/seedbeanembryo.jpg
  19. http://www.worldofteaching.com/powerpoints/biology/MakingFood.ppt#322,6,Is carbon dioxide needed for photosynthesis?