1. Psychology is the scientific study of human thought and behavior with roots in introspection and structuralism. 2. Key issues in psychology include nature vs nurture, stability vs change, and continuity vs stages of development. 3. There are different types of research in psychology including case studies, naturalistic observation, surveys, correlational studies, longitudinal studies, cross-sectional studies, and experiments. Experiments involve variables, operational definitions, control and experimental conditions, and significance testing.

1. Fall Final Review

2. Psychology’s roots

3. Psychology: the scientific study of human
thought and behavior
introspection > empiricism
structuralism > functionalism

4. Big Issues
Nature vs Nurture
Stability vs Change
Continuity vs Stages

5. Contemporary
Psychology

7. Basic vs Applied Research?
MA vs PhD vs PsyD?

8. Research

10. Case Studies
Naturalistic Observation
Survey
Correlational Study
Longitudinal Study
Cross-sectional Study

11. Experiment
Independent vs Dependent variable?
Operational definitions?
Control vs Experimental condition?
Significant difference?

12. Ethics
No unnecessary harm
Informed consent/ Right of Refusal
Privacy
Debriefing

15. Standard deviation is
the “mean of the
means”
the smaller the
deviation, the more
closely related all of the
results
the larger the
deviation, the more
cases at the extremes

16. Standard deviation is
the “mean of the
means”
the smaller the
deviation, the more
closely related all of the
results
the larger the
deviation, the more
cases at the extremes

17. NeuroPsych

24. Brain scans
Electroencephalogram
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Computer Assisted Tomography
Positron Emission Tomography

25. Nature-Nurture

28. Parenting
Permissive
Authoritarian
Authoritative

29. Peers vs Family
Effect of parenting is clearest at the extremes
of GOOD and BAD parenting
Peers fill in and flesh-out the middle

30. gender
Social Learning Theory says we learn by
observing, imitating, and being rewarded of
punished.
Gender Schema Theory combines social
learning theory with our personal schemas of
what gender we are

32. Developmental Psych

33. zygote embryo
embryo fetus

34. reflex vs instinct?
maturation
newborn preference for voice & smell

35. Mary Ainsworth, Strange Situation
secure vs insecure vs disrupted attachment

36. Harry Harlow

40. Lawrence Kohlberg
Stages of Moral Post-conventional
Reasoning
Conventional
Morality
Pre-conventional
Age

41. Primary vs Secondary sexual characteristics?

42. Elizabeth Kubler-Ross
Stages of Death & Dying
Acceptance
Depression
Bargaining
Anger
Denial
Time

43. Sensation

49. vestibular
kinesthetics

50. Perception

51. Depth perception
visual cliff test
monocular cues
retinal disperity
convergence

52. binocular cues
relative size linear perspective
interposition light & shadow
relative clarity
texture gradient
relative height
relative motion

53. perceptual constancy
(size, shape, color)
size-distance
relationship

54. Perceptual adaptation
Perceptual set

55. subliminal stimulation exists
subliminal persuasion does not

56. Consciousness

57. melatonin &
adenosine
narcolepsy
insomnia
night terrors
sleep apnea

59. Hypnosis
• posthypnotic suggestions have limited
applicability
• recovered memories have little validity
• results from dissociation/ divided
consciousness or social influence

60. Drugs

61. Depressants
alcohol
barbituates (tranquilizers)
opiates

62. Stimulants
amphetamines
methamphetamines
cocaine
Ecstasy

63. Hallucinogens
LSD
Marijuana

64. Learning

65. Classical
Pavlov
stimulus = stimulus

66. Operant
Skinner
Behavior = consequence

67. Observation
Bandura
Bobo Doll
monkey see, monkey do . . .

69. punishment
reinforcement
positive vs negative

70. Ratio
interval
fixed
vs Interval

71. Memory

72. encoding

73. storage

74. retrieval

75. forgetting