SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 25
Download to read offline
Prof. Edwin Br. Gbargaye, MPA,MDM,DPA
Mexico Indonesia Nigeria Turkey
Presented by Group 1
The flags of the MINT nations, Mexico, Indonesia,
Nigeria and Turkey
In 2001 the world began talking about the Bric
countries - Brazil, Russia, India and China -
as potential powerhouses of the world
economy. The term was coined by economist
Jim O'Neill, who has now identified the "Mint"
countries - Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and
Turkey - as emerging economic giants. Here
he explains why.
So what is it about the so-called Mint
countries that makes them so special? Why
these four countries?
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-25548060
Born Terence James O'Neill
17 March 1957
Manchester, United Kingdom
Nationality British
Alma mater Sheffield University
University of Surrey
Employer Goldman Sachs
Known for BRIC economic theory
Spouse(s) Married
Children 2
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-25548060
The MINT term was coined as Mr
O’Neil put together a series of
programmes for BBC Radio 4 that
investigate, Where next for the world
economy?
BBC News - The Mint countries:
Next economic giants?
The 2014 Millionaire Race: Goodbye
BRICs, Hello MINTs
www.forbes.com
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-25548060
Projected growth in average income
(thousands $)
2000 2012
2050
(projected)
SOURCES: IMF, GOLDMAN SACHS
Mexico 7.0 10.6 48.0
Indonesia 0.8 3.6 21.0
Nigeria 0.2 1.4 12.6
Turkey 4.1 10.6 48.5
http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-25548060
Mint Countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey)
Mint Countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey)
Mint Countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey)
Mint Countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey)
Country Population
GDP
(PPP)
(2013)
GDP
(nominal)
(2013)
GDP
per
capita
(PPP)
(2013)
GDP per
capita
(nominal)
(2013)
Exports
(2012)
Imports
(2012)
Trade
(2012)
HDI
(2012)
Mexico 118,337,000
$1,845
billion
$1,327
billion
$15,6
07
$11,224
$370.9
billion
$370.8
billion
$741.7
billion
0.775
Indonesi
a
237,641,000
$1,285
billion
$867.5
billion
$5,18
1
$3,498
$187.0
billion
$178.5
billion
$365.5
billion
0.629
Nigeria 174,507,539
$478.5
billion
$292.0
billion
$2,82
7
$1,725
$95.68
billion
$53.36
billion
$149.0
billion
0.471
Turkey 73,723,000
$1,167
billion
$821.8
billion
$15,2
63
$10,744
$163.4
billion
$228.9
billion
$392.3
billion
0.722
MINT COUNTRIES – CURRENT DATA
Mexico in 2050
GDP in USD
$9.340
trillion
GDP per capita $63,149
GDP growth (2015–2050) 4.0%
Total population
142
million
Mexico
Due to Mexico's rapidly
advancing infrastructure,
increasing middle class and
rapidly declining poverty rates
it is expected to have a higher
GDP per capita than all but
three European countries by
2050, this new found local
wealth also contributes to the
nation's economy by creating a
large domestic consumer
market which in turn creates
more jobs
Indonesia
•With its large population, Indonesia will be ranked seventh in gross domestic product
(GDP) by 2050 based on a prediction by Jim O'Neill about BRIC and other prominent
countries. Indonesia has a mixed economy in which both the private sector and
government play significant roles. The country is the largest economy in Southeast
Asia and a member of the G-20 major economies. Indonesia's estimated gross
domestic product (nominal), as of 2012 was US$928.274 billion with estimated
nominal per capita GDP was US$3,797, and per capita GDP PPP was US$4,943
(international dollars). June 2011: At World Economic Forum on East Asia,
Indonesian president said Indonesia will be in the top ten countries with the strongest
economy within the next decade.
Indonesia is the world's fourth most
populous country after China, India, and
the USA and the world's third most
populous democratic country after India
and the USA. In 2009, BRIC and
Indonesia represented about 42 and 3
percent of the world's population
respectively and about 15 percent of
global GDP altogether. All of them
are G20 countries. By 2015, Internet
users in BRIC and Indonesia will double
to 1.2 billion. At 2009, Indonesia was
the only member of the G20 to lower
its public debt-to-GDP ratio: a positive
economic management indicator.
Nigeria is a middle-income, mixed economy and emerging market, with
expanding financial, service, communications, and entertainment sectors.
It is ranked 30th (40th in 2005, 52nd in 2000), in the world in terms
of Gross Domestic Product at purchasing power parity as of 2012, and
3rd largest within Africa (behind South Africa and Egypt), on track to
potentially becoming one of the 20 largest economies in the world by
2020. Its re-emergent, though currently under-performing,
manufacturing sector is the third-largest on the continent, and
produces a large proportion of goods and services for the West
African region.
Nigeria
A Nigerian man at a Porsche
dealership in Lagos. Nigeria is
aiming to become Africa's
economic hub. Photograph:
Reuters
Nigeria
Turkey's economy grew 10.3% last year, faster than China,
and was the third fastest growing economy in the world.
Economic growth came mainly from construction, rather
than exports like China and Russia. Construction alone
makes up 6% of the Turkish economy, but if one counts
the various industries related to construction (Steel,
Timber, energy used and purchased) construction and the
related industries made up some 30% of the economy.
Turkey
Turkey also has a very large domestic consumption base,
and some 3 major auto companies. In 2011 Turkey had the
world's 15th largest GDP-PPP and 18th largest Nominal
GDP. By 2050 this nominal GDP is set to grow to $4.45 trillion
USD to become the 14th largest nominal GDP in the world. The
country is a founding member of the OECD(1961) and the G-20
major economies (1999). Since December 31, 1995, it has been
part of the EU Customs Union. Mean wages were $8.71 per
man-hour in 2009. Turkey grew at an average rate of 7.5
percent between 2002 and 2006, faster than any other OECD
country.
According to a survey by Forbes magazine, Istanbul,
Turkey's financial capital, had a total of 28 billionaires
as of March 2010 (down from 34 in 2008), ranking
4th in the world behind New York City (60
billionaires), Moscow (50 billionaires), and London (32
billionaires). In 2012, Istanbul ranked 5th in the world
with 30 billionaires, behind Moscow (78 billionaires),
New York City (57 billionaires), London (39 billionaires),
and Hong Kong (38 billionaires). Turkey's major cities
and its Aegean coastline attract millions of visitors every
year.
The CIA classifies Turkey as a developed country. It
is often classified as a newly industrialized country by
economists and political scientists.
Mint Countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey)
REFERENCES:
•BBC News Magazine: The MINT countries: Next Economic Giants? Last
revised on 6th January 2013
•Forbes: The World's Top 10 Billionaire Cities in 2008
•Forbes Billionaires List, Cost Of Living in Forbes Magazine article
"Billionaires List, Cost Of Living". March 29, 2010.
•Forbes: Moscow beats New York, London in the list of Billionaire Cities
•Forbes: Top 10 billionaire cities in 2012: Istanbul
•Developed Countries, CIA World Factbook.
•Mauro F. Guill é n (2003). "Multinationals, Ideology, and Organized
Labor". The Limits of Convergence. Princeton University Press. pp. 126
(Table 5.1). ISBN 0-691-11633-4.
•David Waugh (3rd edition 2000). "Manufacturing industries (chapter 19),
World development (chapter 22)". Geography, An Integrated Approach.
Nelson Thornes Ltd. pp. 563, 576 – 579, 633, and 640. ISBN 0-17-
444706-X.
•N. Gregory Mankiw (4th Edition 2007). Principles of
REFERENCES:
•Wright, Chris (6 January 2014). "After The BRICS Are The MINTs, But Can You Make
Any Money From Them?
•Fraser, Ian (May 10, 2011). "Fidelity is confident its MINTs won't suck".
•BOESLER, MATTHEW (NOV. 13, 2013). "The Economist Who Invented The BRICs Just
Invented A Whole New Group Of Countries: The MINTs". Business Insider. Retrieved 7
January 2014.
•Magalhaes, Luciana (Dec 9, 2013). "O’Neill, Man Who Coined ‘BRICs,’ Still Likes BRICs,
But Likes MINTs, Too". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
•Global Economics Paper No: 153 The N-11m: More Than an Acronym, March 28,
2007.
•Internet users in BRIC countries set to double by 2015
•Thu, 2 Sep 2010. "South Asia Hello". Archive.wn.com. Retrieved 2010-10-15.
•"Indonesia’s economy continues to surprise". East Asia Forum. 2010-09-25. Retrieved
2010-10-15.
•The World Bank: World Development Indicators Database. Gross Domestic Product
2011, PPP. Last revised on 18 September 2012.
•The World Bank: World Development Indicators Database.Gross Domestic Product
2011. Last revised on 18 September 2012.

More Related Content

What's hot

Part 2 - G20- India President Session 2.pptx
Part 2 - G20- India President Session 2.pptxPart 2 - G20- India President Session 2.pptx
Part 2 - G20- India President Session 2.pptxDr. Devendra Arora
 
Service Sector in India
Service Sector in IndiaService Sector in India
Service Sector in IndiaSWAROOP PANDAO
 
Ppt on globalisation and indian economy
Ppt on globalisation and indian economyPpt on globalisation and indian economy
Ppt on globalisation and indian economyvijaybh3
 
Indian Economy & growth trends
Indian Economy & growth trendsIndian Economy & growth trends
Indian Economy & growth trendsKoushik Dutta
 
agriculture ppt for class 10 cbse gegraphy textbook
agriculture ppt for class 10 cbse gegraphy textbookagriculture ppt for class 10 cbse gegraphy textbook
agriculture ppt for class 10 cbse gegraphy textbookRam
 
G 20 India 2023
G 20 India 2023G 20 India 2023
G 20 India 2023DGEHS
 
Manufacturing industries Class 10 Social Science
Manufacturing industries Class 10 Social ScienceManufacturing industries Class 10 Social Science
Manufacturing industries Class 10 Social ScienceShreyanshDuttMehra
 
Salient features of Indian Economy
Salient features of Indian EconomySalient features of Indian Economy
Salient features of Indian EconomyAabhas Rastogi
 
52 Copy And Paste Blog Post Ideas For Your Blog
52 Copy And Paste Blog Post Ideas For Your Blog52 Copy And Paste Blog Post Ideas For Your Blog
52 Copy And Paste Blog Post Ideas For Your BlogVijay Khandekar
 
Brics and new development bank
Brics and new development bankBrics and new development bank
Brics and new development bankdaily Dunya
 
Comparison india indian economy vs us eu canada china and world
Comparison india indian economy vs us eu canada china and worldComparison india indian economy vs us eu canada china and world
Comparison india indian economy vs us eu canada china and worldraghunathan janarthanan
 
S.Sc. Project [Class 8] AGRICULTURE
S.Sc. Project [Class 8]  AGRICULTURE S.Sc. Project [Class 8]  AGRICULTURE
S.Sc. Project [Class 8] AGRICULTURE pragyascarlet
 

What's hot (20)

India & China
India & ChinaIndia & China
India & China
 
Part 2 - G20- India President Session 2.pptx
Part 2 - G20- India President Session 2.pptxPart 2 - G20- India President Session 2.pptx
Part 2 - G20- India President Session 2.pptx
 
Service Sector in India
Service Sector in IndiaService Sector in India
Service Sector in India
 
Brics
BricsBrics
Brics
 
Ppt on globalisation and indian economy
Ppt on globalisation and indian economyPpt on globalisation and indian economy
Ppt on globalisation and indian economy
 
Indian Economy & growth trends
Indian Economy & growth trendsIndian Economy & growth trends
Indian Economy & growth trends
 
agriculture ppt for class 10 cbse gegraphy textbook
agriculture ppt for class 10 cbse gegraphy textbookagriculture ppt for class 10 cbse gegraphy textbook
agriculture ppt for class 10 cbse gegraphy textbook
 
PPT ON BRICS
PPT ON BRICSPPT ON BRICS
PPT ON BRICS
 
Economic Aspect G20
Economic Aspect G20Economic Aspect G20
Economic Aspect G20
 
G 20 India 2023
G 20 India 2023G 20 India 2023
G 20 India 2023
 
Manufacturing industries Class 10 Social Science
Manufacturing industries Class 10 Social ScienceManufacturing industries Class 10 Social Science
Manufacturing industries Class 10 Social Science
 
Salient features of Indian Economy
Salient features of Indian EconomySalient features of Indian Economy
Salient features of Indian Economy
 
52 Copy And Paste Blog Post Ideas For Your Blog
52 Copy And Paste Blog Post Ideas For Your Blog52 Copy And Paste Blog Post Ideas For Your Blog
52 Copy And Paste Blog Post Ideas For Your Blog
 
Brics and new development bank
Brics and new development bankBrics and new development bank
Brics and new development bank
 
Comparison india indian economy vs us eu canada china and world
Comparison india indian economy vs us eu canada china and worldComparison india indian economy vs us eu canada china and world
Comparison india indian economy vs us eu canada china and world
 
BRICS
BRICSBRICS
BRICS
 
BRICS
BRICSBRICS
BRICS
 
Rajasthan
RajasthanRajasthan
Rajasthan
 
Global summit. g8 and g20
Global summit. g8 and g20Global summit. g8 and g20
Global summit. g8 and g20
 
S.Sc. Project [Class 8] AGRICULTURE
S.Sc. Project [Class 8]  AGRICULTURE S.Sc. Project [Class 8]  AGRICULTURE
S.Sc. Project [Class 8] AGRICULTURE
 

Viewers also liked

Comparative Analysis of MINT v/s The Economic Times
Comparative Analysis of MINT v/s The Economic TimesComparative Analysis of MINT v/s The Economic Times
Comparative Analysis of MINT v/s The Economic TimesVikrant1711992
 
The mint countries as emerging economic power bloc
The mint countries as emerging economic power blocThe mint countries as emerging economic power bloc
The mint countries as emerging economic power blocAlexander Decker
 
A study on consumer preference towards The Hindu Newspaper
A study on consumer preference towards The Hindu NewspaperA study on consumer preference towards The Hindu Newspaper
A study on consumer preference towards The Hindu NewspaperYOGA
 
G 8 countries
G 8 countriesG 8 countries
G 8 countriesAnitaPK
 
Economic survey of india.ppt
Economic survey of india.pptEconomic survey of india.ppt
Economic survey of india.pptVamshi Raj
 
Awarness and perception about mint business newspaper
Awarness and perception about mint business newspaperAwarness and perception about mint business newspaper
Awarness and perception about mint business newspaperArun Elias
 
Consumer Preference towards the supplement of the hindu newspaper
Consumer Preference towards the supplement of the hindu newspaperConsumer Preference towards the supplement of the hindu newspaper
Consumer Preference towards the supplement of the hindu newspaperYOGA
 
India’s Foreign Trade: Direction and Composition of Trade
India’s Foreign Trade: Direction and Composition of TradeIndia’s Foreign Trade: Direction and Composition of Trade
India’s Foreign Trade: Direction and Composition of Traderangegowda12345
 

Viewers also liked (20)

Mint ppt
Mint pptMint ppt
Mint ppt
 
Comparative Analysis of MINT v/s The Economic Times
Comparative Analysis of MINT v/s The Economic TimesComparative Analysis of MINT v/s The Economic Times
Comparative Analysis of MINT v/s The Economic Times
 
The mint countries as emerging economic power bloc
The mint countries as emerging economic power blocThe mint countries as emerging economic power bloc
The mint countries as emerging economic power bloc
 
Brics ppt
Brics pptBrics ppt
Brics ppt
 
A study on consumer preference towards The Hindu Newspaper
A study on consumer preference towards The Hindu NewspaperA study on consumer preference towards The Hindu Newspaper
A study on consumer preference towards The Hindu Newspaper
 
Mint state
Mint stateMint state
Mint state
 
Nigeria: MINTed beyond the BRICs?
Nigeria: MINTed beyond the BRICs?  Nigeria: MINTed beyond the BRICs?
Nigeria: MINTed beyond the BRICs?
 
Recursos naturales en America Latina y primarización
Recursos naturales en America Latina y primarizaciónRecursos naturales en America Latina y primarización
Recursos naturales en America Latina y primarización
 
Mexico economy
Mexico economyMexico economy
Mexico economy
 
Mexican economy
Mexican economyMexican economy
Mexican economy
 
G 8 countries
G 8 countriesG 8 countries
G 8 countries
 
Peppermint
PeppermintPeppermint
Peppermint
 
India's Trade Agreements
India's Trade AgreementsIndia's Trade Agreements
India's Trade Agreements
 
Economic survey of india.ppt
Economic survey of india.pptEconomic survey of india.ppt
Economic survey of india.ppt
 
G20
G20G20
G20
 
Awarness and perception about mint business newspaper
Awarness and perception about mint business newspaperAwarness and perception about mint business newspaper
Awarness and perception about mint business newspaper
 
G20 and Global Governance
G20 and Global GovernanceG20 and Global Governance
G20 and Global Governance
 
G 20
G 20G 20
G 20
 
Consumer Preference towards the supplement of the hindu newspaper
Consumer Preference towards the supplement of the hindu newspaperConsumer Preference towards the supplement of the hindu newspaper
Consumer Preference towards the supplement of the hindu newspaper
 
India’s Foreign Trade: Direction and Composition of Trade
India’s Foreign Trade: Direction and Composition of TradeIndia’s Foreign Trade: Direction and Composition of Trade
India’s Foreign Trade: Direction and Composition of Trade
 

Similar to Mint Countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey)

IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION AND INITIATION OF TRADE UNION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE ...
IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION AND INITIATION OF TRADE UNION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE ...IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION AND INITIATION OF TRADE UNION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE ...
IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION AND INITIATION OF TRADE UNION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE ...Keshav Prasad Bhattarai
 
20 whychinais indina--212-218
20 whychinais indina--212-21820 whychinais indina--212-218
20 whychinais indina--212-218Alexander Decker
 
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Outsourcing
Advantages And Disadvantages Of OutsourcingAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Outsourcing
Advantages And Disadvantages Of OutsourcingTina Gabel
 
The Evolution Of The European Union Into A Full...
The Evolution Of The European Union Into A Full...The Evolution Of The European Union Into A Full...
The Evolution Of The European Union Into A Full...Carmen Martinez
 
The Standard Of Living During The Industrial Revolution...
The Standard Of Living During The Industrial Revolution...The Standard Of Living During The Industrial Revolution...
The Standard Of Living During The Industrial Revolution...Ginger Schiffli
 
Economic developments
Economic developmentsEconomic developments
Economic developmentsdpsaligarh
 
Rise of India in the Global Arena
Rise of India in the Global ArenaRise of India in the Global Arena
Rise of India in the Global ArenaKonnect
 
Mexican Soccer Research Paper
Mexican Soccer Research PaperMexican Soccer Research Paper
Mexican Soccer Research PaperKaren Hennings
 
Effects Of Falling Gas Prices On Operation Management...
Effects Of Falling Gas Prices On Operation Management...Effects Of Falling Gas Prices On Operation Management...
Effects Of Falling Gas Prices On Operation Management...Kendra Cote
 
Economic Globalization Research Paper
Economic Globalization Research PaperEconomic Globalization Research Paper
Economic Globalization Research PaperAmanda Brady
 
Urban Transport Problems And Environmental Problems
Urban Transport Problems And Environmental ProblemsUrban Transport Problems And Environmental Problems
Urban Transport Problems And Environmental ProblemsKrista Clark
 
Southern Innovator in a World of Innovation 2015 Version
Southern Innovator in a World of Innovation 2015 VersionSouthern Innovator in a World of Innovation 2015 Version
Southern Innovator in a World of Innovation 2015 VersionDavid South Consulting
 
Japan’s Scenarios 2030 (Future Education Consortium)
Japan’s Scenarios 2030 (Future Education Consortium)Japan’s Scenarios 2030 (Future Education Consortium)
Japan’s Scenarios 2030 (Future Education Consortium)未来教育会議
 
SUA - Ion Razvan Gabriel, MRFI, An 2(1)
SUA - Ion Razvan Gabriel, MRFI, An 2(1)SUA - Ion Razvan Gabriel, MRFI, An 2(1)
SUA - Ion Razvan Gabriel, MRFI, An 2(1)Razvan Gabriel Ion
 
Income Guarantee Schemes And The Developed Countries
Income Guarantee Schemes And The Developed CountriesIncome Guarantee Schemes And The Developed Countries
Income Guarantee Schemes And The Developed CountriesJulie Brown
 
Impact Of Globalisation On Thailand
Impact Of Globalisation On ThailandImpact Of Globalisation On Thailand
Impact Of Globalisation On ThailandBrenda Higgins
 
The World Nations And The Second World Countries
The World Nations And The Second World CountriesThe World Nations And The Second World Countries
The World Nations And The Second World CountriesCindy Wooten
 

Similar to Mint Countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey) (20)

IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION AND INITIATION OF TRADE UNION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE ...
IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION AND INITIATION OF TRADE UNION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE ...IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION AND INITIATION OF TRADE UNION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE ...
IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION AND INITIATION OF TRADE UNION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE ...
 
20 whychinais indina--212-218
20 whychinais indina--212-21820 whychinais indina--212-218
20 whychinais indina--212-218
 
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Outsourcing
Advantages And Disadvantages Of OutsourcingAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Outsourcing
Advantages And Disadvantages Of Outsourcing
 
The Evolution Of The European Union Into A Full...
The Evolution Of The European Union Into A Full...The Evolution Of The European Union Into A Full...
The Evolution Of The European Union Into A Full...
 
The Standard Of Living During The Industrial Revolution...
The Standard Of Living During The Industrial Revolution...The Standard Of Living During The Industrial Revolution...
The Standard Of Living During The Industrial Revolution...
 
Economic developments
Economic developmentsEconomic developments
Economic developments
 
Rise of India in the Global Arena
Rise of India in the Global ArenaRise of India in the Global Arena
Rise of India in the Global Arena
 
Mexican Soccer Research Paper
Mexican Soccer Research PaperMexican Soccer Research Paper
Mexican Soccer Research Paper
 
Effects Of Falling Gas Prices On Operation Management...
Effects Of Falling Gas Prices On Operation Management...Effects Of Falling Gas Prices On Operation Management...
Effects Of Falling Gas Prices On Operation Management...
 
china v/s india ppt
china v/s india pptchina v/s india ppt
china v/s india ppt
 
Economic Globalization Research Paper
Economic Globalization Research PaperEconomic Globalization Research Paper
Economic Globalization Research Paper
 
globalisation
globalisationglobalisation
globalisation
 
Urban Transport Problems And Environmental Problems
Urban Transport Problems And Environmental ProblemsUrban Transport Problems And Environmental Problems
Urban Transport Problems And Environmental Problems
 
Southern Innovator in a World of Innovation 2015 Version
Southern Innovator in a World of Innovation 2015 VersionSouthern Innovator in a World of Innovation 2015 Version
Southern Innovator in a World of Innovation 2015 Version
 
Japan’s Scenarios 2030 (Future Education Consortium)
Japan’s Scenarios 2030 (Future Education Consortium)Japan’s Scenarios 2030 (Future Education Consortium)
Japan’s Scenarios 2030 (Future Education Consortium)
 
SUA - Ion Razvan Gabriel, MRFI, An 2(1)
SUA - Ion Razvan Gabriel, MRFI, An 2(1)SUA - Ion Razvan Gabriel, MRFI, An 2(1)
SUA - Ion Razvan Gabriel, MRFI, An 2(1)
 
Income Guarantee Schemes And The Developed Countries
Income Guarantee Schemes And The Developed CountriesIncome Guarantee Schemes And The Developed Countries
Income Guarantee Schemes And The Developed Countries
 
Impact Of Globalisation On Thailand
Impact Of Globalisation On ThailandImpact Of Globalisation On Thailand
Impact Of Globalisation On Thailand
 
Uk Essay Service
Uk Essay ServiceUk Essay Service
Uk Essay Service
 
The World Nations And The Second World Countries
The World Nations And The Second World CountriesThe World Nations And The Second World Countries
The World Nations And The Second World Countries
 

More from ed gbargaye

Varieties of Public AdministrationP
Varieties of Public AdministrationPVarieties of Public AdministrationP
Varieties of Public AdministrationPed gbargaye
 
Myrdal...National Economic Planning
Myrdal...National Economic PlanningMyrdal...National Economic Planning
Myrdal...National Economic Planninged gbargaye
 
What a journey It has been
What a journey It has beenWhat a journey It has been
What a journey It has beened gbargaye
 
Foundation of Individual Behavior
Foundation of Individual BehaviorFoundation of Individual Behavior
Foundation of Individual Behaviored gbargaye
 
Principles for Managing Ethics in the Public Service
Principles for Managing Ethics in the Public ServicePrinciples for Managing Ethics in the Public Service
Principles for Managing Ethics in the Public Serviceed gbargaye
 
Management Practices of Pangasinan Credit Cooperatives in the Context of Coll...
Management Practices of Pangasinan Credit Cooperatives in the Context of Coll...Management Practices of Pangasinan Credit Cooperatives in the Context of Coll...
Management Practices of Pangasinan Credit Cooperatives in the Context of Coll...ed gbargaye
 
Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness
Paris Declaration on Aid EffectivenessParis Declaration on Aid Effectiveness
Paris Declaration on Aid Effectivenessed gbargaye
 
World Facts: Africa to Lead in Population Growrth
World Facts: Africa to Lead in Population GrowrthWorld Facts: Africa to Lead in Population Growrth
World Facts: Africa to Lead in Population Growrthed gbargaye
 
Decision Making in an Organization
Decision Making in an OrganizationDecision Making in an Organization
Decision Making in an Organizationed gbargaye
 
Inducement and Productivity
Inducement and ProductivityInducement and Productivity
Inducement and Productivityed gbargaye
 
Leadership and Power Within the Organization
Leadership and Power Within the OrganizationLeadership and Power Within the Organization
Leadership and Power Within the Organizationed gbargaye
 
Challenges & Opportunities for Organizational Behavior
Challenges & Opportunities for Organizational BehaviorChallenges & Opportunities for Organizational Behavior
Challenges & Opportunities for Organizational Behaviored gbargaye
 
Development Context
Development ContextDevelopment Context
Development Contexted gbargaye
 
Liberia's Bureacratic Reforms
Liberia's  Bureacratic ReformsLiberia's  Bureacratic Reforms
Liberia's Bureacratic Reformsed gbargaye
 
Cooperative Theory SD 302
Cooperative Theory  SD 302 Cooperative Theory  SD 302
Cooperative Theory SD 302 ed gbargaye
 
Curriculum Vitae of EBRG, DPA
Curriculum Vitae of EBRG, DPACurriculum Vitae of EBRG, DPA
Curriculum Vitae of EBRG, DPAed gbargaye
 
Working with Executives
Working with ExecutivesWorking with Executives
Working with Executivesed gbargaye
 

More from ed gbargaye (20)

Varieties of Public AdministrationP
Varieties of Public AdministrationPVarieties of Public AdministrationP
Varieties of Public AdministrationP
 
Myrdal...National Economic Planning
Myrdal...National Economic PlanningMyrdal...National Economic Planning
Myrdal...National Economic Planning
 
What a journey It has been
What a journey It has beenWhat a journey It has been
What a journey It has been
 
Foundation of Individual Behavior
Foundation of Individual BehaviorFoundation of Individual Behavior
Foundation of Individual Behavior
 
Principles for Managing Ethics in the Public Service
Principles for Managing Ethics in the Public ServicePrinciples for Managing Ethics in the Public Service
Principles for Managing Ethics in the Public Service
 
Management Practices of Pangasinan Credit Cooperatives in the Context of Coll...
Management Practices of Pangasinan Credit Cooperatives in the Context of Coll...Management Practices of Pangasinan Credit Cooperatives in the Context of Coll...
Management Practices of Pangasinan Credit Cooperatives in the Context of Coll...
 
Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness
Paris Declaration on Aid EffectivenessParis Declaration on Aid Effectiveness
Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness
 
My PSU Journey
My PSU JourneyMy PSU Journey
My PSU Journey
 
World Facts: Africa to Lead in Population Growrth
World Facts: Africa to Lead in Population GrowrthWorld Facts: Africa to Lead in Population Growrth
World Facts: Africa to Lead in Population Growrth
 
Decision Making in an Organization
Decision Making in an OrganizationDecision Making in an Organization
Decision Making in an Organization
 
Inducement and Productivity
Inducement and ProductivityInducement and Productivity
Inducement and Productivity
 
Leadership and Power Within the Organization
Leadership and Power Within the OrganizationLeadership and Power Within the Organization
Leadership and Power Within the Organization
 
Challenges & Opportunities for Organizational Behavior
Challenges & Opportunities for Organizational BehaviorChallenges & Opportunities for Organizational Behavior
Challenges & Opportunities for Organizational Behavior
 
Development Context
Development ContextDevelopment Context
Development Context
 
Communication
Communication Communication
Communication
 
Liberia PA 359
Liberia PA 359Liberia PA 359
Liberia PA 359
 
Liberia's Bureacratic Reforms
Liberia's  Bureacratic ReformsLiberia's  Bureacratic Reforms
Liberia's Bureacratic Reforms
 
Cooperative Theory SD 302
Cooperative Theory  SD 302 Cooperative Theory  SD 302
Cooperative Theory SD 302
 
Curriculum Vitae of EBRG, DPA
Curriculum Vitae of EBRG, DPACurriculum Vitae of EBRG, DPA
Curriculum Vitae of EBRG, DPA
 
Working with Executives
Working with ExecutivesWorking with Executives
Working with Executives
 

Recently uploaded

AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptxSandy Millin
 
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptxOver the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptxraviapr7
 
Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....
Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....
Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....Riddhi Kevadiya
 
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptxmary850239
 
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using CodeHow to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using CodeCeline George
 
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...raviapr7
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsEugene Lysak
 
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting BlEBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting BlDr. Bruce A. Johnson
 
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptxSOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptxSyedNadeemGillANi
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfMohonDas
 
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sashaWork Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sashasashalaycock03
 
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptxProtein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptxvidhisharma994099
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesCeline George
 
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptx
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptxSlides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptx
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptxCapitolTechU
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational Trust
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational TrustVani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational Trust
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational TrustSavipriya Raghavendra
 

Recently uploaded (20)

AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
2024.03.23 What do successful readers do - Sandy Millin for PARK.pptx
 
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptxOver the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
Over the counter (OTC)- Sale, rational use.pptx
 
Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....
Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....
Riddhi Kevadiya. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE....
 
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
3.26.24 Race, the Draft, and the Vietnam War.pptx
 
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using CodeHow to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
How to Send Emails From Odoo 17 Using Code
 
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
How to Create a Toggle Button in Odoo 17
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
 
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting BlEBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
EBUS5423 Data Analytics and Reporting Bl
 
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptxSOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
 
March 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic Support
March 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic SupportMarch 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic Support
March 2024 Directors Meeting, Division of Student Affairs and Academic Support
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdfDiploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
Diploma in Nursing Admission Test Question Solution 2023.pdf
 
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sashaWork Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
Work Experience for psp3 portfolio sasha
 
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptxProtein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
Protein Structure - threading Protein modelling pptx
 
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 SalesHow to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
How to Manage Cross-Selling in Odoo 17 Sales
 
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptx
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptxSlides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptx
Slides CapTechTalks Webinar March 2024 Joshua Sinai.pptx
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational Trust
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational TrustVani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational Trust
Vani Magazine - Quarterly Magazine of Seshadripuram Educational Trust
 

Mint Countries (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey)

  • 1. Prof. Edwin Br. Gbargaye, MPA,MDM,DPA
  • 4. The flags of the MINT nations, Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey
  • 5. In 2001 the world began talking about the Bric countries - Brazil, Russia, India and China - as potential powerhouses of the world economy. The term was coined by economist Jim O'Neill, who has now identified the "Mint" countries - Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria and Turkey - as emerging economic giants. Here he explains why. So what is it about the so-called Mint countries that makes them so special? Why these four countries? http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-25548060
  • 6. Born Terence James O'Neill 17 March 1957 Manchester, United Kingdom Nationality British Alma mater Sheffield University University of Surrey Employer Goldman Sachs Known for BRIC economic theory Spouse(s) Married Children 2 http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-25548060 The MINT term was coined as Mr O’Neil put together a series of programmes for BBC Radio 4 that investigate, Where next for the world economy?
  • 7. BBC News - The Mint countries: Next economic giants? The 2014 Millionaire Race: Goodbye BRICs, Hello MINTs www.forbes.com
  • 9. Projected growth in average income (thousands $) 2000 2012 2050 (projected) SOURCES: IMF, GOLDMAN SACHS Mexico 7.0 10.6 48.0 Indonesia 0.8 3.6 21.0 Nigeria 0.2 1.4 12.6 Turkey 4.1 10.6 48.5 http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-25548060
  • 14. Country Population GDP (PPP) (2013) GDP (nominal) (2013) GDP per capita (PPP) (2013) GDP per capita (nominal) (2013) Exports (2012) Imports (2012) Trade (2012) HDI (2012) Mexico 118,337,000 $1,845 billion $1,327 billion $15,6 07 $11,224 $370.9 billion $370.8 billion $741.7 billion 0.775 Indonesi a 237,641,000 $1,285 billion $867.5 billion $5,18 1 $3,498 $187.0 billion $178.5 billion $365.5 billion 0.629 Nigeria 174,507,539 $478.5 billion $292.0 billion $2,82 7 $1,725 $95.68 billion $53.36 billion $149.0 billion 0.471 Turkey 73,723,000 $1,167 billion $821.8 billion $15,2 63 $10,744 $163.4 billion $228.9 billion $392.3 billion 0.722 MINT COUNTRIES – CURRENT DATA
  • 15. Mexico in 2050 GDP in USD $9.340 trillion GDP per capita $63,149 GDP growth (2015–2050) 4.0% Total population 142 million Mexico Due to Mexico's rapidly advancing infrastructure, increasing middle class and rapidly declining poverty rates it is expected to have a higher GDP per capita than all but three European countries by 2050, this new found local wealth also contributes to the nation's economy by creating a large domestic consumer market which in turn creates more jobs
  • 16. Indonesia •With its large population, Indonesia will be ranked seventh in gross domestic product (GDP) by 2050 based on a prediction by Jim O'Neill about BRIC and other prominent countries. Indonesia has a mixed economy in which both the private sector and government play significant roles. The country is the largest economy in Southeast Asia and a member of the G-20 major economies. Indonesia's estimated gross domestic product (nominal), as of 2012 was US$928.274 billion with estimated nominal per capita GDP was US$3,797, and per capita GDP PPP was US$4,943 (international dollars). June 2011: At World Economic Forum on East Asia, Indonesian president said Indonesia will be in the top ten countries with the strongest economy within the next decade.
  • 17. Indonesia is the world's fourth most populous country after China, India, and the USA and the world's third most populous democratic country after India and the USA. In 2009, BRIC and Indonesia represented about 42 and 3 percent of the world's population respectively and about 15 percent of global GDP altogether. All of them are G20 countries. By 2015, Internet users in BRIC and Indonesia will double to 1.2 billion. At 2009, Indonesia was the only member of the G20 to lower its public debt-to-GDP ratio: a positive economic management indicator.
  • 18. Nigeria is a middle-income, mixed economy and emerging market, with expanding financial, service, communications, and entertainment sectors. It is ranked 30th (40th in 2005, 52nd in 2000), in the world in terms of Gross Domestic Product at purchasing power parity as of 2012, and 3rd largest within Africa (behind South Africa and Egypt), on track to potentially becoming one of the 20 largest economies in the world by 2020. Its re-emergent, though currently under-performing, manufacturing sector is the third-largest on the continent, and produces a large proportion of goods and services for the West African region. Nigeria
  • 19. A Nigerian man at a Porsche dealership in Lagos. Nigeria is aiming to become Africa's economic hub. Photograph: Reuters Nigeria
  • 20. Turkey's economy grew 10.3% last year, faster than China, and was the third fastest growing economy in the world. Economic growth came mainly from construction, rather than exports like China and Russia. Construction alone makes up 6% of the Turkish economy, but if one counts the various industries related to construction (Steel, Timber, energy used and purchased) construction and the related industries made up some 30% of the economy. Turkey
  • 21. Turkey also has a very large domestic consumption base, and some 3 major auto companies. In 2011 Turkey had the world's 15th largest GDP-PPP and 18th largest Nominal GDP. By 2050 this nominal GDP is set to grow to $4.45 trillion USD to become the 14th largest nominal GDP in the world. The country is a founding member of the OECD(1961) and the G-20 major economies (1999). Since December 31, 1995, it has been part of the EU Customs Union. Mean wages were $8.71 per man-hour in 2009. Turkey grew at an average rate of 7.5 percent between 2002 and 2006, faster than any other OECD country.
  • 22. According to a survey by Forbes magazine, Istanbul, Turkey's financial capital, had a total of 28 billionaires as of March 2010 (down from 34 in 2008), ranking 4th in the world behind New York City (60 billionaires), Moscow (50 billionaires), and London (32 billionaires). In 2012, Istanbul ranked 5th in the world with 30 billionaires, behind Moscow (78 billionaires), New York City (57 billionaires), London (39 billionaires), and Hong Kong (38 billionaires). Turkey's major cities and its Aegean coastline attract millions of visitors every year. The CIA classifies Turkey as a developed country. It is often classified as a newly industrialized country by economists and political scientists.
  • 24. REFERENCES: •BBC News Magazine: The MINT countries: Next Economic Giants? Last revised on 6th January 2013 •Forbes: The World's Top 10 Billionaire Cities in 2008 •Forbes Billionaires List, Cost Of Living in Forbes Magazine article "Billionaires List, Cost Of Living". March 29, 2010. •Forbes: Moscow beats New York, London in the list of Billionaire Cities •Forbes: Top 10 billionaire cities in 2012: Istanbul •Developed Countries, CIA World Factbook. •Mauro F. Guill é n (2003). "Multinationals, Ideology, and Organized Labor". The Limits of Convergence. Princeton University Press. pp. 126 (Table 5.1). ISBN 0-691-11633-4. •David Waugh (3rd edition 2000). "Manufacturing industries (chapter 19), World development (chapter 22)". Geography, An Integrated Approach. Nelson Thornes Ltd. pp. 563, 576 – 579, 633, and 640. ISBN 0-17- 444706-X. •N. Gregory Mankiw (4th Edition 2007). Principles of
  • 25. REFERENCES: •Wright, Chris (6 January 2014). "After The BRICS Are The MINTs, But Can You Make Any Money From Them? •Fraser, Ian (May 10, 2011). "Fidelity is confident its MINTs won't suck". •BOESLER, MATTHEW (NOV. 13, 2013). "The Economist Who Invented The BRICs Just Invented A Whole New Group Of Countries: The MINTs". Business Insider. Retrieved 7 January 2014. •Magalhaes, Luciana (Dec 9, 2013). "O’Neill, Man Who Coined ‘BRICs,’ Still Likes BRICs, But Likes MINTs, Too". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 7 January 2014. •Global Economics Paper No: 153 The N-11m: More Than an Acronym, March 28, 2007. •Internet users in BRIC countries set to double by 2015 •Thu, 2 Sep 2010. "South Asia Hello". Archive.wn.com. Retrieved 2010-10-15. •"Indonesia’s economy continues to surprise". East Asia Forum. 2010-09-25. Retrieved 2010-10-15. •The World Bank: World Development Indicators Database. Gross Domestic Product 2011, PPP. Last revised on 18 September 2012. •The World Bank: World Development Indicators Database.Gross Domestic Product 2011. Last revised on 18 September 2012.