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  1	
  
BOOM	
  	
  
Essay	
  for	
  Sharing	
  is	
  Caring:	
  
Openness	
  and	
  sharing	
  in	
  the	
  cultural	
  sector	
  
Published	
  by	
  Statens	
  Museum	
  for	
  Kunst,	
  2014	
  
Merete	
  Sanderhoff,	
  editor	
  
Free	
  download	
  at	
  http://sharingiscaring.smk.dk/en	
  
	
  
Boom	
  
My	
  job	
  in	
  this	
  essay	
  is	
  not	
  about	
  tact	
  or	
  charm.	
  My	
  job	
  is	
  to	
  sail	
  a	
  gunboat	
  up	
  
your	
  river	
  and	
  fire	
  a	
  warning	
  shot	
  over	
  your	
  city.	
  
	
  
Boom.	
  
	
  
The	
  future	
  is	
  here.	
  What	
  are	
  you	
  going	
  to	
  do?	
  
	
  
I	
  gave	
  my	
  talk	
  about	
  “going	
  boldly	
  into	
  the	
  present”	
  and	
  the	
  urgent	
  need	
  for	
  
change	
  at	
  the	
  first	
  Sharing	
  is	
  Caring	
  conference	
  in	
  November,	
  2011	
  –	
  more	
  
than	
  700	
  days	
  ago.	
  During	
  those	
  700	
  days,	
  most	
  museums,	
  libraries,	
  archives,	
  
and	
  cultural	
  organizations	
  didn’t	
  change	
  much:	
  if	
  you	
  visited	
  one	
  in	
  2011,	
  met	
  
with	
  the	
  staff,	
  and	
  returned	
  again	
  today,	
  you	
  would	
  be	
  hard	
  pressed	
  to	
  detect	
  
a	
  significant	
  difference.	
  Many	
  of	
  the	
  biggest	
  and	
  best	
  organizations	
  were	
  
 
	
  2	
  
working	
  on	
  new	
  strategies	
  in	
  2011,	
  carefully	
  measuring	
  their	
  steps	
  into	
  the	
  
digital	
  age,	
  and	
  many	
  of	
  those	
  plans	
  have	
  not	
  been	
  finished	
  or	
  implemented.	
  
Others	
  spent	
  the	
  last	
  700	
  days	
  on	
  small	
  digital	
  experiments	
  without	
  risking	
  
much,	
  asking	
  much,	
  or	
  expecting	
  much	
  in	
  return.	
  And	
  while	
  we	
  were	
  in	
  
committee	
  meetings,	
  plotting	
  our	
  slow,	
  careful	
  course,	
  the	
  future	
  changed	
  –	
  
accelerated	
  and	
  crashed	
  into	
  us	
  –	
  and	
  the	
  world	
  in	
  which	
  we	
  need	
  to	
  succeed	
  
became	
  something	
  else.	
  
	
  
In	
  the	
  700	
  days	
  since	
  my	
  talk,	
  the	
  world’s	
  population	
  grew	
  by	
  140	
  million	
  
people	
  –	
  200,000	
  individuals	
  a	
  day	
  –	
  each	
  with	
  the	
  right	
  to	
  be	
  educated;	
  each	
  
with	
  the	
  right	
  to	
  access	
  and	
  shape	
  their	
  culture.	
  476	
  million	
  people	
  became	
  
new	
  Internet	
  users	
  in	
  the	
  last	
  700	
  days,	
  and	
  872	
  million	
  people	
  –	
  more	
  than	
  
the	
  entire	
  population	
  of	
  the	
  European	
  Union	
  nations,	
  Canada,	
  and	
  the	
  United	
  
States	
  combined	
  –	
  became	
  new	
  mobile	
  phone	
  subscribers.	
  Facebook	
  enrolled	
  
its	
  one	
  billionth	
  member	
  last	
  year.	
  Facebook	
  is	
  only	
  ten	
  years	
  old,	
  but	
  if	
  it	
  
were	
  a	
  country,	
  it	
  would	
  now	
  be	
  the	
  third	
  largest	
  nation	
  on	
  earth.	
  Wikipedia,	
  
approaching	
  its	
  two	
  billionth	
  edit,	
  is	
  barely	
  a	
  teenager.	
  
	
  
The	
  cost	
  of	
  a	
  computer	
  chip	
  –	
  perhaps	
  the	
  most	
  disruptive	
  technology	
  ever	
  
made	
  –	
  fell	
  by	
  half	
  in	
  the	
  last	
  700	
  days.	
  Computer	
  chips	
  have	
  become	
  50%	
  
cheaper	
  (or	
  two-­‐times	
  more	
  powerful)	
  every	
  700	
  days	
  for	
  the	
  last	
  50	
  years,	
  
and	
  they	
  are	
  expected	
  to	
  keep	
  doing	
  so	
  at	
  least	
  through	
  mid-­‐century,	
  at	
  which	
  
point	
  they	
  will	
  be	
  so	
  cheap	
  and	
  powerful	
  that	
  if	
  I	
  were	
  to	
  describe	
  the	
  societal	
  
implications	
  here	
  you	
  would	
  likely	
  stop	
  reading	
  this	
  essay	
  in	
  disbelief.	
  
	
  
The	
  exponentially	
  falling	
  cost	
  and	
  rising	
  power	
  of	
  computer	
  chips	
  also	
  has	
  a	
  
short-­‐term	
  consequence:	
  it	
  makes	
  Internet	
  access	
  and	
  technology	
  affordable	
  
 
	
  3	
  
to	
  more	
  people.	
  2.4	
  billion	
  people,	
  34%	
  of	
  humanity,	
  are	
  now	
  online	
  and	
  
connected.	
  Even	
  in	
  the	
  poorest	
  parts	
  of	
  the	
  world,	
  it	
  is	
  not	
  unusual	
  to	
  see	
  
pushcart	
  vendors,	
  rickshaw	
  drivers,	
  and	
  even	
  beggars	
  with	
  cell	
  phones.	
  
	
  
India,	
  the	
  world’s	
  largest	
  democracy,	
  has	
  a	
  new	
  “virtual	
  middle	
  class”	
  of	
  300	
  
million	
  people	
  who	
  are	
  profoundly	
  poor,	
  but	
  who,	
  for	
  the	
  first	
  time,	
  are	
  
claiming	
  their	
  full	
  rights	
  as	
  citizens	
  because	
  they	
  are	
  connected	
  to	
  the	
  Internet	
  
and	
  can	
  interact	
  with	
  government	
  and	
  fellow	
  citizens	
  as	
  easily	
  as	
  their	
  richer,	
  
more	
  educated	
  neighbors.	
  40,000	
  people	
  from	
  113	
  countries	
  just	
  
took	
  Introduction	
  to	
  Sociology,	
  online,	
  for	
  free,	
  from	
  Princeton	
  University.	
  
830,000	
  people	
  from	
  over	
  180	
  countries	
  have	
  contributed	
  time	
  and	
  effort	
  to	
  
citizen	
  science	
  projects	
  through	
  the	
  Adler	
  Planetarium’s	
  Zooniverse	
  website.	
  
The	
  citizens	
  of	
  Iceland	
  are	
  crowdsourcing	
  a	
  new	
  constitution.	
  Users	
  have	
  
translated	
  the	
  Mona	
  Lisa’s	
  Wikipedia	
  page	
  into	
  89	
  languages.	
  The	
  National	
  
Gallery	
  of	
  Denmark’s	
  website	
  features	
  comments	
  from	
  Germany,	
  Russia,	
  
Spain,	
  New	
  Zealand,	
  India,	
  South	
  Africa,	
  the	
  Philippines,	
  Egypt,	
  Libya,	
  Turkey,	
  
Nigeria,	
  Indonesia,	
  and	
  the	
  United	
  Kingdom:	
  On	
  one	
  group	
  of	
  pages	
  about	
  the	
  
masterpieces	
  of	
  Danish	
  art,	
  comments	
  by	
  Danes	
  are	
  outnumbered	
  by	
  
comments	
  from	
  other	
  countries	
  by	
  35:1.	
  
	
  
Everywhere	
  I	
  look,	
  I	
  see	
  the	
  old	
  rules	
  about	
  who	
  has	
  a	
  voice,	
  who	
  does	
  the	
  
work,	
  and	
  who	
  gets	
  to	
  benefit	
  being	
  re-­‐written	
  on	
  a	
  global	
  scale.	
  It	
  is	
  amazing,	
  
but	
  what	
  surprises	
  me	
  most...	
  is	
  that	
  we	
  find	
  it	
  surprising	
  at	
  all.	
  We	
  have	
  
wanted	
  this	
  since	
  the	
  Enlightenment.	
  
	
  
Our	
  institutions	
  are	
  founded	
  on	
  the	
  principle	
  that	
  knowledge	
  and	
  culture	
  
belong	
  to	
  everyone;	
  that	
  we	
  will	
  be	
  a	
  stronger,	
  wiser,	
  more	
  resilient	
  society	
  if	
  
 
	
  4	
  
citizens	
  understand	
  their	
  history;	
  understand	
  science	
  –	
  if	
  they	
  engage,	
  ask	
  
questions,	
  converse,	
  learn,	
  challenge,	
  create,	
  and	
  do.	
  We	
  believe	
  that	
  culture	
  
isn’t	
  something	
  frozen	
  in	
  amber:	
  culture	
  only	
  has	
  meaning	
  when	
  it	
  is	
  alive	
  in	
  
our	
  minds,	
  re-­‐worked	
  by	
  our	
  hands,	
  and	
  loved	
  in	
  our	
  hearts.	
  
	
  
While	
  we’ve	
  been	
  in	
  committee	
  these	
  last	
  700	
  days,	
  advancing	
  at	
  the	
  scale	
  and	
  
speed	
  of	
  yesteryear,	
  the	
  next	
  700	
  days	
  began.	
  The	
  future	
  is	
  ready	
  for	
  us	
  now;	
  
hungry	
  for	
  our	
  resources,	
  craving	
  our	
  expertise,	
  listening	
  for	
  what	
  we	
  have	
  to	
  
say.	
  It	
  is	
  our	
  obligation	
  –	
  our	
  privilege	
  –	
  to	
  respond	
  and	
  serve.	
  A	
  few	
  brave	
  
institutions	
  lead	
  the	
  way,	
  but	
  even	
  they	
  must	
  race	
  to	
  keep	
  up.	
  
	
  
And	
  just	
  outside	
  the	
  committee	
  room	
  –	
  beyond	
  the	
  exhibition	
  galleries;	
  past	
  
the	
  library	
  stacks,	
  classrooms,	
  labs,	
  and	
  archives	
  –	
  another	
  question	
  looms:	
  It	
  
isn’t	
  what	
  we	
  do	
  now	
  that	
  there	
  are	
  2.4	
  billion	
  of	
  us	
  online,	
  it’s	
  what	
  will	
  
happen	
  when	
  the	
  next	
  5	
  billion	
  people	
  join	
  us.	
  
	
  
Boom.	
  
	
  
Let’s	
  get	
  to	
  work.	
  
	
  
2014,	
  MICHAEL	
  PETER	
  EDSON,	
  DIRECTOR	
  OF	
  WEB	
  AND	
  NEW	
  MEDIA	
  
STRATEGY,	
  SMITHSONIAN	
  INSTITUTION
 
	
  1	
  
	
  
Notes	
  
	
  
“I	
  gave	
  my	
  talk”:	
  See	
  slides	
  and	
  a	
  transcript	
  of	
  the	
  talk,	
  Let	
  Us	
  Go	
  Boldly	
  
Into	
  The	
  Present,	
  My	
  Brothers	
  and	
  Sisters,	
  
at	
  http://www.slideshare.net/edsonm/	
  michael-­‐edson-­‐let-­‐us-­‐go-­‐
boldly-­‐into-­‐the-­‐present-­‐text-­‐version,	
  and	
  the	
  video	
  
athttps://vimeo.com/43240962	
  
	
  
“the	
  world’s	
  population	
  grew	
  by	
  140	
  million	
  people”:	
  140	
  million	
  is	
  
the	
  rise	
  in	
  total	
  global	
  population,	
  not	
  to	
  be	
  confused	
  with	
  new	
  births.	
  
Population	
  data	
  (as	
  of	
  mid-­‐year,	
  2013)	
  from	
  US	
  Census	
  Bureau	
  
International	
  Data	
  Base,http://	
  
www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/informationGate
way.php.	
  
	
  
“each	
  with	
  the	
  right	
  to	
  be	
  educated”:	
  Statements	
  about	
  the	
  
educational	
  expectations	
  and	
  the	
  right	
  to	
  access	
  and	
  shape	
  culture	
  are	
  
direct	
  references	
  to	
  the	
  United	
  Nations’	
  Universal	
  Declaration	
  of	
  Human	
  
Rights,	
  first	
  adopted	
  in	
  
1948,	
  www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml,	
  accessed	
  9	
  May	
  
2013.	
  
	
  
New	
  Internet	
  and	
  mobile	
  phone	
  users:	
  Aggregate	
  Internet	
  and	
  mobile	
  
phone	
  data	
  from	
  International	
  Telecommunications	
  Union	
  “2006-­‐2013	
  
ITC	
  data	
  for	
  the	
  world”	
  spreadsheet	
  at	
  www.itu.int/en/ITU-­‐
D/Statistics/Pages/stat/	
  default.aspx,	
  accessed	
  1	
  May	
  2013.	
  
	
  
“Facebook	
  enrolled	
  its	
  one	
  billionth	
  member”:	
  “Revealed:	
  The	
  third	
  
largest	
  ‘country’	
  in	
  the	
  world	
  –	
  Facebook	
  hits	
  one	
  billion	
  users”	
  by	
  Rob	
  
Williams,	
  4	
  October	
  2012,	
  www.independent.co.uk/lifestyle/gadgets-­‐
and-­‐tech/news/revealed-­‐the-­‐third-­‐largest-­‐country-­‐in-­‐the-­‐world-­‐-­‐
facebook-­‐hits-­‐one-­‐billion-­‐users-­‐8197597.html,	
  accessed	
  1	
  May	
  2013.	
  
	
  
	
  
“Wikipedia,	
  approaching	
  its	
  two	
  billionth	
  edit”:	
  Total	
  edits	
  in	
  
Wikimedia	
  proj-­‐	
  ects:toolserver.org/~emijrp/wikimediacounter/,	
  
accessed	
  1	
  May	
  2013.	
  
 
	
  2	
  
	
  
“The	
  cost	
  of	
  a	
  computer	
  chip”:	
  Think	
  in	
  terms	
  of	
  computers	
  the	
  size	
  of	
  
bacteria.	
  By	
  mid-­‐century,	
  a	
  ,000	
  personal	
  computer	
  is	
  likely	
  to	
  have	
  a	
  
billion	
  times	
  more	
  processing	
  power	
  than	
  the	
  combined	
  brains	
  of	
  every	
  
person	
  on	
  earth.	
  Kaku,	
  Michio,	
  The	
  Physics	
  of	
  the	
  Future:	
  How	
  Science	
  
Will	
  Shape	
  Human	
  Destiny	
  and	
  Our	
  Daily	
  Lives	
  by	
  the	
  Year	
  2100,	
  2010,	
  
Doubleday,	
  New	
  York,	
  p.	
  117.	
  The	
  doubling	
  of	
  the	
  number	
  of	
  transistors	
  
that	
  can	
  fit	
  on	
  a	
  computer	
  chip	
  every	
  18-­‐24	
  months	
  is	
  known	
  as	
  Moore’s	
  
Law:	
  I	
  use	
  700	
  days	
  as	
  the	
  period	
  of	
  doubling,	
  roughly	
  23	
  months.	
  
	
  
2.4	
  billion	
  people	
  online:	
  Aggregate	
  Internet	
  and	
  mobile	
  phone	
  data	
  
from	
  International	
  Telecommunications	
  Union	
  “2006-­‐2013	
  ITC	
  data	
  for	
  
the	
  world”	
  spreadsheet	
  at	
  www.itu.int/en/ITU-­‐
D/Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx,	
  accessed	
  1	
  May	
  2013.	
  	
  
	
  
“Vendors,	
  rickshaw	
  drivers,	
  and	
  even	
  beggars”:	
  This	
  is	
  derived	
  from	
  
a	
  com-­‐	
  ment	
  by	
  journalism	
  professor	
  Dr.	
  Jack	
  Zibluk,	
  3	
  February	
  2013,	
  
on	
  the	
  article	
  The	
  Virtual	
  Middle	
  Class	
  Rises,	
  By	
  Thomas	
  L.	
  Friedman,	
  2	
  
February	
  2013,	
  New	
  York	
  
Times,	
  www.nytimes.com/2013/02/03/opinion/sunday/fried-­‐man-­‐
the-­‐virtual-­‐middle-­‐class-­‐rises.html,	
  accessed	
  1	
  May	
  2013.	
  Though	
  there	
  
are	
  six	
  billion	
  cell	
  phone	
  subscribers	
  worldwide,	
  most	
  of	
  these	
  are	
  
simple	
  “feature	
  phones”	
  that	
  can	
  send	
  and	
  receive	
  SMS	
  messages,	
  but	
  do	
  
not	
  have	
  Internet	
  access.	
  Falling	
  chip	
  prices	
  are	
  expected	
  to	
  bring	
  
Internet	
  ready	
  smart	
  phones	
  with	
  cameras,	
  video,	
  GPS,	
  WiFi	
  etcetera	
  
within	
  reach	
  of	
  current	
  feature	
  phone	
  users	
  in	
  the	
  not-­‐too-­‐distant	
  
future.	
  A	
  general	
  discussion	
  of	
  this	
  topic	
  can	
  be	
  found	
  in	
  Eric	
  Schmidt	
  
and	
  Jared	
  Cohen’s	
  The	
  New	
  Digital	
  Age:	
  Reshaping	
  the	
  Future	
  of	
  People,	
  
Nations	
  and	
  Business	
  (Alfred	
  A.	
  Knopf,	
  2013),	
  particularly	
  in	
  the	
  
introduction,	
  pp.	
  4-­‐8.	
  
	
  
India’s	
  virtual	
  middle	
  class:	
  The	
  Virtual	
  Middle	
  Class	
  Rises,	
  by	
  Thomas	
  
L.	
  Friedman,	
  published	
  2	
  February	
  2013,	
  New	
  York	
  
Times,	
  www.nytimes.com/2013/02/03/opinion/sunday/friedman-­‐the-­‐
virtual-­‐middle-­‐class-­‐rises.html,	
  accessed	
  1	
  May	
  2013.	
  
Introduction	
  to	
  Sociology:	
  Mitchell	
  Duneier,	
  the	
  professor	
  who	
  taught	
  
this	
  course,	
  wrote:	
  “When	
  I	
  give	
  this	
  lecture	
  on	
  the	
  Princeton	
  campus,	
  I	
  
usually	
  receive	
  a	
  few	
  penetrating	
  questions.	
  In	
  this	
  case,	
  however,	
  
within	
  a	
  few	
  hours	
  of	
  posting	
  the	
  online	
  version,	
  the	
  course	
  forums	
  
came	
  alive	
  with	
  hundreds	
  of	
  comments	
  and	
  questions.	
  Several	
  days	
  
 
	
  3	
  
later	
  there	
  were	
  thousands...	
  Within	
  three	
  weeks	
  I	
  had	
  received	
  more	
  
feedback	
  on	
  my	
  sociological	
  ideas	
  than	
  I	
  had	
  in	
  a	
  career	
  of	
  teaching,	
  
which	
  significantly	
  influenced	
  each	
  of	
  my	
  subsequent	
  lectures	
  and	
  
seminars.”	
  Teaching	
  to	
  the	
  World	
  From	
  Central	
  New	
  Jersey	
  by	
  Mitchell	
  
Duneier,	
  Chronicle	
  of	
  Higher	
  Education,	
  3	
  September	
  
2012chronicle.com/article/Teaching-­‐to-­‐the-­‐World-­‐From/134068/,	
  
accessed	
  6	
  May	
  2013.	
  
	
  
Zooniverse:	
  Http://zooniverse.org.	
  “Over	
  180	
  countries”	
  is	
  from	
  8	
  May	
  
2013	
  correspondence	
  with	
  Arfon	
  Smith,	
  Director	
  of	
  Citizen	
  Science,	
  
Adler	
  Planetarium	
  
	
  
Iceland	
  crowdsourcing	
  a	
  new	
  constitution:	
  See	
  “Iceland	
  is	
  
Crowdsourcing	
  Its	
  New	
  Constitution”,	
  10	
  June	
  
2011,www.good.is/posts/iceland-­‐is-­‐	
  crowdsourcing-­‐its-­‐new-­‐
constitution/?utm_content=image&utm_medium=hp_carousel&utm_sou
rce=slide_4,	
  accessed	
  6	
  May	
  2013.	
  
	
  
The	
  Mona	
  Lisa’s	
  Wikipedia	
  page:	
  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Lisa,	
  
accessed	
  9	
  May	
  2013.	
  
	
  
“The	
  National	
  Gallery	
  of	
  Denmark’s	
  website”:	
  Candidates	
  for	
  Google	
  
Gigapixel,	
  National	
  Gallery	
  of	
  Denmark	
  (Statens	
  Museum	
  for	
  Kunst),	
  20	
  
November	
  2012,	
  
https://plus.google.com/photos/+StatensMuseumforKunst/albums/58
12929202671334753,	
  accessed	
  7	
  May	
  2013.	
  Note	
  that	
  these	
  pages	
  are	
  
are	
  on	
  the	
  gallery’s	
  Google+	
  site,	
  not	
  under	
  the	
  gallery’s	
  main	
  smk.dk	
  
domain,	
  but	
  they	
  are	
  under	
  the	
  gallery’s	
  full	
  editorial	
  control	
  and	
  I’m	
  
therefore	
  depicting	
  them	
  as	
  being	
  part	
  of	
  the	
  National	
  Gallery	
  of	
  
Denmark	
  “website.”	
  Of	
  the	
  56	
  comments	
  on	
  this	
  group	
  of	
  web	
  pages,	
  
three	
  comments	
  were	
  made	
  by	
  two	
  individuals	
  who	
  identified	
  
themselves	
  as	
  living	
  in	
  Denmark;	
  one	
  of	
  those	
  is	
  an	
  employee	
  of	
  the	
  
gallery.	
  
	
  
	
  
 
	
  4	
  
	
  
	
  
This	
  essay	
  is	
  excerpted	
  from	
  the	
  book	
  Sharing	
  is	
  Caring:	
  Openness	
  
and	
  sharing	
  in	
  the	
  cultural	
  sector,	
  Merete	
  Sanderhoff,	
  editor,	
  
published	
  by	
  the	
  National	
  Gallery	
  of	
  Denmark,	
  2014.	
  
Free	
  download	
  at	
  http://sharingiscaring.smk.dk/en	
  	
  
	
  
	
  
Free	
  download	
  and	
  more	
  at	
  
http://sharingiscaring.smk.dk	
  	
  

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Boom: Openness and Sharing in the Cultural Heritage Sector

  • 1.    1   BOOM     Essay  for  Sharing  is  Caring:   Openness  and  sharing  in  the  cultural  sector   Published  by  Statens  Museum  for  Kunst,  2014   Merete  Sanderhoff,  editor   Free  download  at  http://sharingiscaring.smk.dk/en     Boom   My  job  in  this  essay  is  not  about  tact  or  charm.  My  job  is  to  sail  a  gunboat  up   your  river  and  fire  a  warning  shot  over  your  city.     Boom.     The  future  is  here.  What  are  you  going  to  do?     I  gave  my  talk  about  “going  boldly  into  the  present”  and  the  urgent  need  for   change  at  the  first  Sharing  is  Caring  conference  in  November,  2011  –  more   than  700  days  ago.  During  those  700  days,  most  museums,  libraries,  archives,   and  cultural  organizations  didn’t  change  much:  if  you  visited  one  in  2011,  met   with  the  staff,  and  returned  again  today,  you  would  be  hard  pressed  to  detect   a  significant  difference.  Many  of  the  biggest  and  best  organizations  were  
  • 2.    2   working  on  new  strategies  in  2011,  carefully  measuring  their  steps  into  the   digital  age,  and  many  of  those  plans  have  not  been  finished  or  implemented.   Others  spent  the  last  700  days  on  small  digital  experiments  without  risking   much,  asking  much,  or  expecting  much  in  return.  And  while  we  were  in   committee  meetings,  plotting  our  slow,  careful  course,  the  future  changed  –   accelerated  and  crashed  into  us  –  and  the  world  in  which  we  need  to  succeed   became  something  else.     In  the  700  days  since  my  talk,  the  world’s  population  grew  by  140  million   people  –  200,000  individuals  a  day  –  each  with  the  right  to  be  educated;  each   with  the  right  to  access  and  shape  their  culture.  476  million  people  became   new  Internet  users  in  the  last  700  days,  and  872  million  people  –  more  than   the  entire  population  of  the  European  Union  nations,  Canada,  and  the  United   States  combined  –  became  new  mobile  phone  subscribers.  Facebook  enrolled   its  one  billionth  member  last  year.  Facebook  is  only  ten  years  old,  but  if  it   were  a  country,  it  would  now  be  the  third  largest  nation  on  earth.  Wikipedia,   approaching  its  two  billionth  edit,  is  barely  a  teenager.     The  cost  of  a  computer  chip  –  perhaps  the  most  disruptive  technology  ever   made  –  fell  by  half  in  the  last  700  days.  Computer  chips  have  become  50%   cheaper  (or  two-­‐times  more  powerful)  every  700  days  for  the  last  50  years,   and  they  are  expected  to  keep  doing  so  at  least  through  mid-­‐century,  at  which   point  they  will  be  so  cheap  and  powerful  that  if  I  were  to  describe  the  societal   implications  here  you  would  likely  stop  reading  this  essay  in  disbelief.     The  exponentially  falling  cost  and  rising  power  of  computer  chips  also  has  a   short-­‐term  consequence:  it  makes  Internet  access  and  technology  affordable  
  • 3.    3   to  more  people.  2.4  billion  people,  34%  of  humanity,  are  now  online  and   connected.  Even  in  the  poorest  parts  of  the  world,  it  is  not  unusual  to  see   pushcart  vendors,  rickshaw  drivers,  and  even  beggars  with  cell  phones.     India,  the  world’s  largest  democracy,  has  a  new  “virtual  middle  class”  of  300   million  people  who  are  profoundly  poor,  but  who,  for  the  first  time,  are   claiming  their  full  rights  as  citizens  because  they  are  connected  to  the  Internet   and  can  interact  with  government  and  fellow  citizens  as  easily  as  their  richer,   more  educated  neighbors.  40,000  people  from  113  countries  just   took  Introduction  to  Sociology,  online,  for  free,  from  Princeton  University.   830,000  people  from  over  180  countries  have  contributed  time  and  effort  to   citizen  science  projects  through  the  Adler  Planetarium’s  Zooniverse  website.   The  citizens  of  Iceland  are  crowdsourcing  a  new  constitution.  Users  have   translated  the  Mona  Lisa’s  Wikipedia  page  into  89  languages.  The  National   Gallery  of  Denmark’s  website  features  comments  from  Germany,  Russia,   Spain,  New  Zealand,  India,  South  Africa,  the  Philippines,  Egypt,  Libya,  Turkey,   Nigeria,  Indonesia,  and  the  United  Kingdom:  On  one  group  of  pages  about  the   masterpieces  of  Danish  art,  comments  by  Danes  are  outnumbered  by   comments  from  other  countries  by  35:1.     Everywhere  I  look,  I  see  the  old  rules  about  who  has  a  voice,  who  does  the   work,  and  who  gets  to  benefit  being  re-­‐written  on  a  global  scale.  It  is  amazing,   but  what  surprises  me  most...  is  that  we  find  it  surprising  at  all.  We  have   wanted  this  since  the  Enlightenment.     Our  institutions  are  founded  on  the  principle  that  knowledge  and  culture   belong  to  everyone;  that  we  will  be  a  stronger,  wiser,  more  resilient  society  if  
  • 4.    4   citizens  understand  their  history;  understand  science  –  if  they  engage,  ask   questions,  converse,  learn,  challenge,  create,  and  do.  We  believe  that  culture   isn’t  something  frozen  in  amber:  culture  only  has  meaning  when  it  is  alive  in   our  minds,  re-­‐worked  by  our  hands,  and  loved  in  our  hearts.     While  we’ve  been  in  committee  these  last  700  days,  advancing  at  the  scale  and   speed  of  yesteryear,  the  next  700  days  began.  The  future  is  ready  for  us  now;   hungry  for  our  resources,  craving  our  expertise,  listening  for  what  we  have  to   say.  It  is  our  obligation  –  our  privilege  –  to  respond  and  serve.  A  few  brave   institutions  lead  the  way,  but  even  they  must  race  to  keep  up.     And  just  outside  the  committee  room  –  beyond  the  exhibition  galleries;  past   the  library  stacks,  classrooms,  labs,  and  archives  –  another  question  looms:  It   isn’t  what  we  do  now  that  there  are  2.4  billion  of  us  online,  it’s  what  will   happen  when  the  next  5  billion  people  join  us.     Boom.     Let’s  get  to  work.     2014,  MICHAEL  PETER  EDSON,  DIRECTOR  OF  WEB  AND  NEW  MEDIA   STRATEGY,  SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION
  • 5.    1     Notes     “I  gave  my  talk”:  See  slides  and  a  transcript  of  the  talk,  Let  Us  Go  Boldly   Into  The  Present,  My  Brothers  and  Sisters,   at  http://www.slideshare.net/edsonm/  michael-­‐edson-­‐let-­‐us-­‐go-­‐ boldly-­‐into-­‐the-­‐present-­‐text-­‐version,  and  the  video   athttps://vimeo.com/43240962     “the  world’s  population  grew  by  140  million  people”:  140  million  is   the  rise  in  total  global  population,  not  to  be  confused  with  new  births.   Population  data  (as  of  mid-­‐year,  2013)  from  US  Census  Bureau   International  Data  Base,http://   www.census.gov/population/international/data/idb/informationGate way.php.     “each  with  the  right  to  be  educated”:  Statements  about  the   educational  expectations  and  the  right  to  access  and  shape  culture  are   direct  references  to  the  United  Nations’  Universal  Declaration  of  Human   Rights,  first  adopted  in   1948,  www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/index.shtml,  accessed  9  May   2013.     New  Internet  and  mobile  phone  users:  Aggregate  Internet  and  mobile   phone  data  from  International  Telecommunications  Union  “2006-­‐2013   ITC  data  for  the  world”  spreadsheet  at  www.itu.int/en/ITU-­‐ D/Statistics/Pages/stat/  default.aspx,  accessed  1  May  2013.     “Facebook  enrolled  its  one  billionth  member”:  “Revealed:  The  third   largest  ‘country’  in  the  world  –  Facebook  hits  one  billion  users”  by  Rob   Williams,  4  October  2012,  www.independent.co.uk/lifestyle/gadgets-­‐ and-­‐tech/news/revealed-­‐the-­‐third-­‐largest-­‐country-­‐in-­‐the-­‐world-­‐-­‐ facebook-­‐hits-­‐one-­‐billion-­‐users-­‐8197597.html,  accessed  1  May  2013.       “Wikipedia,  approaching  its  two  billionth  edit”:  Total  edits  in   Wikimedia  proj-­‐  ects:toolserver.org/~emijrp/wikimediacounter/,   accessed  1  May  2013.  
  • 6.    2     “The  cost  of  a  computer  chip”:  Think  in  terms  of  computers  the  size  of   bacteria.  By  mid-­‐century,  a  ,000  personal  computer  is  likely  to  have  a   billion  times  more  processing  power  than  the  combined  brains  of  every   person  on  earth.  Kaku,  Michio,  The  Physics  of  the  Future:  How  Science   Will  Shape  Human  Destiny  and  Our  Daily  Lives  by  the  Year  2100,  2010,   Doubleday,  New  York,  p.  117.  The  doubling  of  the  number  of  transistors   that  can  fit  on  a  computer  chip  every  18-­‐24  months  is  known  as  Moore’s   Law:  I  use  700  days  as  the  period  of  doubling,  roughly  23  months.     2.4  billion  people  online:  Aggregate  Internet  and  mobile  phone  data   from  International  Telecommunications  Union  “2006-­‐2013  ITC  data  for   the  world”  spreadsheet  at  www.itu.int/en/ITU-­‐ D/Statistics/Pages/stat/default.aspx,  accessed  1  May  2013.       “Vendors,  rickshaw  drivers,  and  even  beggars”:  This  is  derived  from   a  com-­‐  ment  by  journalism  professor  Dr.  Jack  Zibluk,  3  February  2013,   on  the  article  The  Virtual  Middle  Class  Rises,  By  Thomas  L.  Friedman,  2   February  2013,  New  York   Times,  www.nytimes.com/2013/02/03/opinion/sunday/fried-­‐man-­‐ the-­‐virtual-­‐middle-­‐class-­‐rises.html,  accessed  1  May  2013.  Though  there   are  six  billion  cell  phone  subscribers  worldwide,  most  of  these  are   simple  “feature  phones”  that  can  send  and  receive  SMS  messages,  but  do   not  have  Internet  access.  Falling  chip  prices  are  expected  to  bring   Internet  ready  smart  phones  with  cameras,  video,  GPS,  WiFi  etcetera   within  reach  of  current  feature  phone  users  in  the  not-­‐too-­‐distant   future.  A  general  discussion  of  this  topic  can  be  found  in  Eric  Schmidt   and  Jared  Cohen’s  The  New  Digital  Age:  Reshaping  the  Future  of  People,   Nations  and  Business  (Alfred  A.  Knopf,  2013),  particularly  in  the   introduction,  pp.  4-­‐8.     India’s  virtual  middle  class:  The  Virtual  Middle  Class  Rises,  by  Thomas   L.  Friedman,  published  2  February  2013,  New  York   Times,  www.nytimes.com/2013/02/03/opinion/sunday/friedman-­‐the-­‐ virtual-­‐middle-­‐class-­‐rises.html,  accessed  1  May  2013.   Introduction  to  Sociology:  Mitchell  Duneier,  the  professor  who  taught   this  course,  wrote:  “When  I  give  this  lecture  on  the  Princeton  campus,  I   usually  receive  a  few  penetrating  questions.  In  this  case,  however,   within  a  few  hours  of  posting  the  online  version,  the  course  forums   came  alive  with  hundreds  of  comments  and  questions.  Several  days  
  • 7.    3   later  there  were  thousands...  Within  three  weeks  I  had  received  more   feedback  on  my  sociological  ideas  than  I  had  in  a  career  of  teaching,   which  significantly  influenced  each  of  my  subsequent  lectures  and   seminars.”  Teaching  to  the  World  From  Central  New  Jersey  by  Mitchell   Duneier,  Chronicle  of  Higher  Education,  3  September   2012chronicle.com/article/Teaching-­‐to-­‐the-­‐World-­‐From/134068/,   accessed  6  May  2013.     Zooniverse:  Http://zooniverse.org.  “Over  180  countries”  is  from  8  May   2013  correspondence  with  Arfon  Smith,  Director  of  Citizen  Science,   Adler  Planetarium     Iceland  crowdsourcing  a  new  constitution:  See  “Iceland  is   Crowdsourcing  Its  New  Constitution”,  10  June   2011,www.good.is/posts/iceland-­‐is-­‐  crowdsourcing-­‐its-­‐new-­‐ constitution/?utm_content=image&utm_medium=hp_carousel&utm_sou rce=slide_4,  accessed  6  May  2013.     The  Mona  Lisa’s  Wikipedia  page:  en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mona_Lisa,   accessed  9  May  2013.     “The  National  Gallery  of  Denmark’s  website”:  Candidates  for  Google   Gigapixel,  National  Gallery  of  Denmark  (Statens  Museum  for  Kunst),  20   November  2012,   https://plus.google.com/photos/+StatensMuseumforKunst/albums/58 12929202671334753,  accessed  7  May  2013.  Note  that  these  pages  are   are  on  the  gallery’s  Google+  site,  not  under  the  gallery’s  main  smk.dk   domain,  but  they  are  under  the  gallery’s  full  editorial  control  and  I’m   therefore  depicting  them  as  being  part  of  the  National  Gallery  of   Denmark  “website.”  Of  the  56  comments  on  this  group  of  web  pages,   three  comments  were  made  by  two  individuals  who  identified   themselves  as  living  in  Denmark;  one  of  those  is  an  employee  of  the   gallery.      
  • 8.    4       This  essay  is  excerpted  from  the  book  Sharing  is  Caring:  Openness   and  sharing  in  the  cultural  sector,  Merete  Sanderhoff,  editor,   published  by  the  National  Gallery  of  Denmark,  2014.   Free  download  at  http://sharingiscaring.smk.dk/en         Free  download  and  more  at   http://sharingiscaring.smk.dk