This document summarizes a webinar about scientific research. It covers 5 stations: [1] The essence of scientific research, including defining it and discussing its purpose. [2] Looking at the past, present and future of scientific research, highlighting contributions from ancient Egypt, Greece, Muslim scholars and more recent Western scientists. [3] Discussing 10 things people should know about scientific research, like it being a learnable skill and emphasizing innovation, collaboration and ethics. [4] Covering 10 things people should do, like discovering your passion and making a plan. [5] The conclusion emphasizes that every mind can make a difference in building the country's scientific and

1. Scientific Research
A Stimulating Voyage
Marwa Ahmed and Khaled Alashmouny
Webinar I – ES Series on Scientific Research

2. ES Series on Scientific Research
Who are Egypt Scholars?
2
Awareness Social Responsibility
Professional Development
Interactive Webinars
Studying abroad and Scholarships
Mentorship
An Ecosystem where every mind makes a difference

3. ES Series on Scientific Research
Why are you here?
3

4. ES Series on Scientific Research
What I can promise you
4
REFLECT
DIFFERENT
MOTIVATED
HOPEDETERMINED
CHANGE
FUN

5. ES Series on Scientific Research
Are you ready for the ride?
5

6. ES Series on Scientific Research
A StimulatingVoyage
Station 1: the essence
Station 2: past – present - future
Station 3: 10 things you should know
Station 4: 10 things you should do
Station 5: the journey shop
The Program
6

7. The Essence
Why and What
Station 1:

8. ES Series on Scientific Research
As a researcher you seek answers to
questions of great interest to you.
8

9. ES Series on Scientific Research 99
The research process deals with the ways and
strategies used by researchers to understand the
world around us

10. ES Series on Scientific Research
What is Scientific Research?
10
phenomenon questions observation experiments Probable-Absolute
Claim + Evidence + Reasoning  Explanation
May lead to rejection of an old idea or belief

11. ES Series on Scientific Research
Questions (A)
11
1. Do you see any limitations in this method?
2. Is it the only method to do research?
Answer in the course group

12. ES Series on Scientific Research
Yes, it is very important
 We are curious
 We strive for improvements
 We believe we are on Earth to build and change
 We like innovation and opening new directions
12

13. ES Series on Scientific Research 13
Reflect - Renew - Revolve
• It leads to a renewed and
sometimes transformed
understanding of our own
nature and our place and
role in the cosmos.

14. ES Series on Scientific Research 14
Construct – Collaborate - Combine
• It units people from all over the world together for
the best of humanity

15. ES Series on Scientific Research
Yes, it is effective
 Quality of life
 Technology
 Commerce and economy
 Medicine and healthcare
 Arts
15

16. ES Series on Scientific Research 16
Quality of life

17. ES Series on Scientific Research 17
Media – the world is a small village

18. ES Series on Scientific Research
Yes, it is multidisciplinary
 Medicine and Engineering
 Engineering and Business
 Science and Medicine
 Psychology and Politics
 Arts and Biomimetic
18

19. ES Series on Scientific Research
And what else?
 Building strong nations: intellectual and economical
 Sustainability and Independence
 Building and sustaining the Earth
 Guiding people and enlighten them
 Envisioning the future
 Innovating and working in advanced technology
19

20. ES Series on Scientific Research
Questions (B)
20
1. What should you as an individual care
about?
2. What should we care about as a society?
3. What is your role?
Answer in the course group

21. Station 1 reached … moving to station 2
21

22. Present
Station 2:
Past
Future

23. ES Series on Scientific Research
• The development of the scientific method involves some of the most
enlightened cultures in history
A fascinating history
• It is the one unique thing that shows you how humans add to each others
23

24. ES Series on Scientific Research
Just as life arose from the waters, the seeds of civilization were first sown
along the banks of the Nile
6000 B.C. 332 B.C.
Ancient Egypt
24

25. ES Series on Scientific Research
• The mathematical skill of the Egyptians was focused upon solving real
world problems
25

26. ES Series on Scientific Research
• The annual flooding of the Nile was was the driving force behind the
development of Egyptian astronomy
Stellar clock
26

27. ES Series on Scientific Research
• Due to the hot and dry climate in Egypt, ancient papyri have survived
intact, allowing historians to study the sophisticated techniques
employed by Ancient Egyptian physician
27

28. ES Series on Scientific Research
Whilst Babylonian, Indian and Egyptian scholars developed some empirical
ideas, the Greeks were the first to develop what we recognize as the
scientific method.
776 B.C. 146 B.C.
Ancient Greece
28

29. ES Series on Scientific Research
Measurement and observation, the foundations upon which science is
built, were Aristotle's contribution
29

30. ES Series on Scientific Research
‘Plato is dear to me, but dearer still is truth’
Plato Aristotle
Testing?
Philosophy Brain
30

31. ES Series on Scientific Research
The Muslims Influence on the History of the Scientific Method
600 AD 1600 AD
Experimental
31

32. ES Series on Scientific Research
Ibn al-Haytham the first “ true scientist “
“‫إن‬‫جناه‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫ويتساءل‬ ‫بهم‬ ‫إيمانه‬ ‫ق‬ّ‫ل‬‫ع‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫من‬ ‫هو‬ ‫بل‬ ،‫فيها‬ ‫ثقته‬ ‫ويضع‬ ‫حالتها‬ ‫على‬ ،‫القدماء‬ ‫كتابات‬ ‫يدرس‬ ‫من‬ ‫هو‬ ‫ليس‬ ‫الحقيقة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الباحث‬
‫منهم‬.‫والقصور‬ ‫النقص‬ ‫أنواع‬ ‫كل‬ ‫يمألها‬ ‫طبيعته‬ ‫إنسان‬ ‫أقوال‬ ‫على‬ ‫يعتمد‬ ‫وال‬ ،‫الحجة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫يبحث‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫هو‬.‫على‬ ‫الواجب‬ ‫من‬ ‫فإن‬ ‫وبالتالي‬
‫تلك‬ ‫لبحث‬ ‫النخاع‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫عقله‬ ‫ويستخدم‬ ،‫يقرأه‬ ‫ما‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫يستنكر‬ ‫أن‬ ‫هو‬ ،‫هدفه‬ ‫الحقيقة‬ ‫عن‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫كان‬ ‫إذا‬ ،‫العلماء‬ ‫كتابات‬ ‫في‬ ‫يحقق‬ ‫من‬
‫جانب‬ ‫كل‬ ‫من‬ ‫األفكار‬.‫أو‬ ‫تحيز‬ ‫أي‬ ‫في‬ ‫الوقوع‬ ‫يتجنب‬ ‫حتى‬ ،‫ًا‬‫ض‬‫أي‬ ‫دراسته‬ ‫نتائج‬ ‫في‬ ‫يتشكك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫وعليه‬‫تساهل‬”
32

33. ES Series on Scientific Research
Al-Biruni’s methods resembled the modern scientific method, particularly in
his emphasis on repeated experimentation. He understood that
measuring instruments and human observers were prone to error and
bias, so proposed that experiments needed replications
33

34. ES Series on Scientific Research
Ibn Sina (Avicenna), one of the titans in the history of science
34

35. ES Series on Scientific Research
The renaissance (12th century) was another turning point for the scientific
method, where European scholars took the knowledge of the Greeks and
the Muslims, and added to it
35

36. ES Series on Scientific Research
• Francis Bacon (1561 - 1626), was one of the greatest movers behind the
development of the scientific method.
"If a man will begin with certainties, he shall end in doubts; but if he will be
content to begin with doubts, he shall end in certainties."
36

37. ES Series on Scientific Research
Galileo (1564 - 1642) is generally remembered for his famous telescope and
consequent astronomical observations , but he also contributed greatly to
the scientific method.
“All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is
to discover them”
37

38. ES Series on Scientific Research
• This period, covering the 16th and 17th century and threw out some
more elements required for the scientific method.
Newton (1642 - 1727) developed his four rules of reasoning. His inductive
approach formed the basis for much of natural philosophy through the
18th and early 19th centuries
38

39. ES Series on Scientific Research
Scientific research has come a long way in the last 200 years!
39

40. ES Series on Scientific Research
Publication and peer review
The rise of the Internet has enabled scientific results to be publicized more
rapidly than ever before possible
40

41. ES Series on Scientific Research
As our scientific knowledge has advanced, research has become more
specialized and more cross-disciplinary collaboration became
necessary.
41

42. ES Series on Scientific Research
Scientific and governmental organizations have set up guidelines and
regulations to minimize potentially negative impacts and ensure that
research is carried out ethically.
42

43. Let’s summarize
43

44. ES Series on Scientific Research 44
The Intimate Relation between Science &
Civilization
Egypt is a living testimony: the power of knowledge and the
progress of society. Its innovations spanned from engineering to cosmetics products

45. ES Series on Scientific Research 45
The Library of Alexandria was a center of knowledge that gathered
scholars from all over the world.

46. ES Series on Scientific Research 46
Cairo was one of the most prominent cultural centers of the Islamic civilization.

47. ES Series on Scientific Research 47
In the years to follow, Cairo shone as the center for studies and cultural
activities in literature, arts, science, and media..

48. The future is even greener
48

49. Station 2 reached … moving to station 3
49

50. 10Things you should KNOW
To KeepYou Moving Forward
Station 3:

51. 1.You USE it without knowing
51

52. ES Series on Scientific Research 52
Your research skills
started long time
ago 

53. 2. It is a Widely-used Skill
53

54. ES Series on Scientific Research 54
Widely used in
almost all fields

55. 3. It is a skill, and thus can be
LEARNED
55

56. ES Series on Scientific Research 56
• One doesn’t need to be
Super genius to be a
good researcher.
• Research needs skills
that can be learned.
It is a skill that can be learned

57. 4.The competition is HIGH. So
START NOW
57

58. ES Series on Scientific Research 58
Start as early as possible!
It’s not too early or too late to get hands on a
research project that inspires you.

59. 5.You are a FUTURISTIC search
engine that seeks WISDOM
59

60. ES Series on Scientific Research 60
You are a futuristic search engine!
http://lurnq.com

61. 6. Success is all about being
Innovative – Collaborative –
Ethical
So, be one
61

62. ES Series on Scientific Research 62
Reseach
Innovation links R & E
Entrepreneurship

63. 7. We are still on the MAP. We
just need guidance and UNITY
63

64. ES Series on Scientific Research 64
2011 map

65. ES Series on Scientific Research 65
2012 map

66. ES Series on Scientific Research
Questions (C)
66
1. Write a note showing the change in
Egypt from 2011 to 2012
Answer in the course group

67. 8.We have some good
Resources and Capabilities
67

68. ES Series on Scientific Research 68
Collaboration
Egypt plays a critical linking role in research in the Middle East and North
Africa region
“Science and innovation in Egypt” Michael Bond, Heba Maram, Asmaa Soliman and Riham Khattab. Royal Scoiety

69. ES Series on Scientific Research 69
Information and communication technology
(ICT)
Egypt is one of the fastest growing IT economies in the world
Because of growing number of tech-savvy graduates
“Science and innovation in Egypt” Michael Bond, Heba Maram, Asmaa Soliman and Riham Khattab. Royal Scoiety

70. ES Series on Scientific Research 70
Mathematics
• Egypt exceeds the
world average in
citation impact for
mathematics papers.
“Science and innovation in Egypt” Michael Bond, Heba Maram, Asmaa Soliman and Riham Khattab. Royal Scoiety

71. ES Series on Scientific Research 71
Natural resources
“Science and innovation in Egypt” Michael Bond, Heba Maram, Asmaa Soliman and Riham Khattab. Royal Scoiety

72. 9. We have an impressive
Young population
72

73. ES Series on Scientific Research 73
Egypt’s key strengths in research and
innovation
Human capital
About 55% of the
population under 25

74. ES Series on Scientific Research 74
All of this signs hold the
promise of bright future
That we should believe in.

75. ES Series on Scientific Research 75
Restoring this great legacy will take
time and commitment, and
substantial change at many levels

76. 10. Every mind makes a
difference
76

77. ES Series on Scientific Research 77
‫ألن‬‫يفرق‬ ‫عقل‬ ‫كل‬
‫الشعار‬‫بغض‬ ‫علمك‬ ‫و‬ ‫عملك‬ ‫و‬ ‫مشاركتك‬ ‫ألن‬ ‫لنا‬ ‫بالنسبة‬ ‫مهم‬ ‫ده‬
‫ذوي‬ ‫من‬ ‫كونك‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ديانتك‬ ‫أو‬ ‫لونك‬ ‫أو‬ ‫جنسك‬ ‫أو‬ ‫سنك‬ ‫عن‬ ‫النظر‬
‫مكان‬ ‫أو‬ ‫المادية‬ ‫أو‬ ‫االجتماعية‬ ‫حالتك‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الخاصة‬ ‫االحتياجات‬‫إقامتك‬
‫كل‬‫مركز‬ ‫يكون‬ ‫بنحلم‬ ‫اللي‬ ‫الوطن‬ ‫بناء‬ ‫في‬ ً‫ا‬‫جد‬ ‫يفرق‬ ‫و‬ ‫مهم‬ ‫ده‬
‫العالم‬ ‫شعوب‬ ‫و‬ ‫شعبه‬ ‫يخدم‬ ‫حضاري‬ ‫و‬ ‫علمي‬ ‫و‬ ‫صناعي‬‫كلها‬
‫متفقين‬‫؟‬

78. ES Series on Scientific Research 78
First discover your
passion and build a
plan to follow it

79. ES Series on Scientific Research
Questions (D)
79
1. After you knew the 10 points, what is
your role in the cycle of generating a
genuine research environment?
Answer in the course group

80. Station 3 reached … moving to station 4
80

81. 10Things you should DO
Rules of Excellence
Station 4:

82. ES Series on Scientific Research
‫غالية‬ ‫نصيحة‬
‫أو‬ ‫الختيار‬ ‫متأخر‬ ‫وقت‬ ‫يوجد‬ ‫ال‬
‫ذلك‬ ‫طالما‬ ‫التخصص‬ ‫تغيير‬
‫يسعدك‬.
‫عن‬ ‫دائما‬ ‫ابحث‬ ‫و‬ ‫عالية‬ ‫طموحات‬ ‫و‬ ‫محددة‬ ‫أهدافا‬ ‫دائما‬ ‫ضع‬
‫االبتكار‬ ‫و‬ ‫اإلبداع‬ ‫في‬ ‫رغباتك‬ ‫يشبع‬ ‫و‬ ‫سعادتك‬ ‫يحقق‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫المسار‬.
82

83. ES Series on Scientific Research
‫هو‬ ‫يوجهك‬ ‫و‬ ‫يعلمك‬ ‫من‬ ‫أفضل‬
‫أنت‬!
‫سبقوك‬ ‫ممن‬ ‫بكثير‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫لديك‬ ‫متوفرة‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫و‬ ‫التواصل‬ ‫وسائل‬
‫األولى‬ ‫القاعدة‬
83

84. ES Series on Scientific Research
‫دائما‬ ‫اسأل‬!
‫تحب‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫المجال‬ ‫في‬ ‫المتخصصين‬ ‫و‬ ‫أساتذتك‬ ‫خصوصا‬
‫الثانية‬ ‫القاعدة‬
84

85. ES Series on Scientific Research
‫النظريات‬ ‫بفهم‬ ‫اهتم‬
‫المسألة؟‬ ‫جذور‬ ‫هي‬ ‫ما‬ ‫و‬ ‫أتت؟‬ ‫أين‬ ‫من‬
‫الثالثة‬ ‫القاعدة‬
85

86. ES Series on Scientific Research
‫العملي‬ ‫بالتطبيق‬ ‫اهتم‬
‫سيميزك‬ ‫شئ‬ ‫أكثر‬+‫مهارات‬ ‫من‬ ‫عليه‬ ‫يترتب‬ ‫ما‬ ‫و‬ ‫الجماعي‬ ‫العمل‬
‫الرابعة‬ ‫القاعدة‬
86

87. ES Series on Scientific Research
‫تطوع‬!
‫بـ‬ ‫لو‬ ‫و‬3‫أسبوعيا‬ ‫ساعات‬:‫طالبية‬ ‫أنشطة‬–‫تنموية‬ ‫مؤسسات‬
‫الخامسة‬ ‫القاعدة‬
#‫حقائق‬_‫عن‬_‫التطوع‬
87

88. ES Series on Scientific Research
‫متينة‬ ‫عالقات‬ ‫اصنع‬
‫العمل‬ ‫في‬ ‫زمالئك‬ ‫و‬ ‫أساتذتك‬ ‫مع‬ ‫خصوصا‬
‫السادسة‬ ‫القاعدة‬
88

89. ES Series on Scientific Research
‫الشخصية‬ ‫متكامل‬ ‫كن‬
‫التخصيص‬ ‫قبل‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫انظر‬ ‫و‬ ‫المواقف‬ ‫كل‬ ‫في‬ ‫بأخالقك‬ ‫كن‬
‫السابعة‬ ‫القاعدة‬
89

90. ES Series on Scientific Research
ً‫ا‬‫صم‬ ‫ليس‬ ‫التفوق‬
‫لألمام‬ ‫يدفعك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يجب‬ ‫التفوق‬...‫السريعة‬ ‫المكاسب‬ ‫من‬ ‫احذر‬ ‫لكن‬!
‫الثامنة‬ ‫القاعدة‬
90

91. ES Series on Scientific Research
‫األنشطة‬ ‫و‬ ‫العملي‬ ‫بالجزء‬ ‫اهتم‬
‫بحساب‬ ‫لكن‬
‫تتفوق‬ ‫و‬ ‫تتميز‬ ‫أن‬ ‫هدفك‬ ‫تفعل‬ ‫ما‬ ‫كل‬ ‫في‬...‫تكامل‬!
‫التاسعة‬ ‫القاعدة‬
91

92. ES Series on Scientific Research
‫للصورة‬ ‫انظر‬ ‫و‬ ‫توكل‬ ‫و‬ ‫اعزم‬
‫لألشياء‬ ‫الكبرى‬
‫أمامك‬ ‫ضعه‬ ‫و‬ ‫الرئيسي‬ ‫دافعك‬ ‫افهم‬!‫والديك‬ ‫بر‬!‫مجتمعك‬ ‫غير‬!
‫األم‬ ‫و‬ ‫العاشرة‬ ‫القاعدة‬
92

93. ES Series on Scientific Research 93

94. ES Series on Scientific Research
Questions (E)
94
1. Which rule you apply most? Which one
you apply least?
2. Where do you think you need help?
Answer in the course group

95. Station 4 reached … moving to station 5
95

96. The journey shop
Resources
Station 5:
Knowledge
Wisdom
Intelligence

97. ES Series on Scientific Research 97
Benefit from online learning platforms

98. ES Series on Scientific Research 98
Take Steps
• Start to take steps toward excellence
steps.egyptscholars.org

99. ES Series on Scientific Research
Some Free Publication Resources
• The public library of science: http://www.plos.org/
where all articles are free
• The Proceeding of NationalAcademy of Sciences
www.pnas.org/content/by/year where articles more than six months old
are available for free
• The Directory of Open Access Journals http://www.doaj.org/ where you
can find free journals on many different topics .
99

100. Mission Accomplished! 
100

101. Fundamentals of Scientific Research
What is next?

102. 102

103. Do your homework!
Remember to
Question groups A to E
Send an email to: courses@egyptscholars.org
Title: Homework for ESSRS-1
103

104. Support the cause of Egypt Scholars
Remember to
Share
Tell
Encourage
Volunteer
Donate

105. ES Series on Scientific Research
‫يفرق‬ ‫عقل‬ ‫كل‬ ‫ألن‬
105

106. ES Series on Scientific Research
Thank you!
106
Open for questions