SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 11
Download to read offline
The Ethics of Clinical Trials,[object Object],Medical Ethics Online,[object Object],Summer 2011,[object Object],Eli Weber-Instructor,[object Object]
Lecture Goals,[object Object],Explain the structure and organization of clinical trials,[object Object],Highlight the ethical dilemma that clinical trials create for physicians,[object Object],Outline the “standard” respond to this dilemma,[object Object],Consider some further ethical issues associated with clinical trials,[object Object]
What is a Clinical Trial?,[object Object],A clinical trial is a research study designed to test the effectiveness and side effects of a treatment for human subjects.,[object Object],4 Phases,[object Object],-Phase 1-tests for toxicity only,[object Object],-Phase 2-tests efficacy, further evaluates toxicity,[object Object],-Phase 3-confirmation of efficacy in larger group,[object Object],-Phase 4-fine tuning,[object Object]
Why Clinical Trials?,[object Object],Limits of animal experimentation,[object Object],More reliable than other sources of evidence,[object Object],-Isolates relevant variable,[object Object],Control groups,[object Object],Randomization,[object Object],Blindness,[object Object]
Ethical Issues with Clinical Trials,[object Object],Embarrassing History,[object Object],Treats patients in the control group as a means to an end.,[object Object],-Conflict between physicians’ duty of beneficence and randomization,[object Object],If physicians have a duty to recommend the treatment that they believe to be best, suggesting a clinical trial for a patient is rarely consist with this duty, because there is nearly always a better option for the patient.,[object Object]
Ethical Issues with Clinical Trials,[object Object],-Placebos vs. Active-control studies,[object Object],A placebo study is never acceptable when there is an available treatment that is known to be effective.,[object Object],Active-control studies involve comparing promising new treatments against treatments regarded as inadequate.,[object Object],Standard worries with informed consent,[object Object],-ability to understand relevant information,[object Object],-vulnerable populations,[object Object],-coercion,[object Object]
Typical Reply to Ethical Objections,[object Object],There is no ethical conflict between a physicians’ duty of beneficence and offering the patient the option of participating in a clinical trial, provided certain conditions are met:,[object Object],Genuine clinical equipoise exists,[object Object],Physician explains that their recommendation is based on evidence that isn’t the “gold standard.”,[object Object],-This is a component of informed consent,[object Object],-Marquis:  physicians have a duty to offer clinical trials in these cases,[object Object],*Also addresses concerns about active-control studies.,[object Object]
Typical Replies to Ethical Objections,[object Object],If patients give informed consent, it is acceptable to use them as a means.,[object Object],In general, these issues are dealt with by appeals to informed consent and restrictions on when clinical trials are acceptable.  The medical community defends a moderate view about the ethics of clinical trials.,[object Object]
Further Issues with Clinical Trials,[object Object],How do we assess clinical equipoise?  How much equipoise is enough?,[object Object],-PLX4032 Clinical trial,[object Object],Balancing the need for information about long-term effectiveness against the fact of immediate need.,[object Object],-Is it ethical to continue a study in the face of compelling evidence of efficacy, for the sake of assessing long-term effects?,[object Object]
Further Issues with Clinical Trials,[object Object],Should pharmaceutical companies be allowed to hold a promising new drug off the market for the sake of obtaining further evidence of its efficacy?,[object Object],Can physicians fulfill their alleged duty to offer clinical trials without inadvertently coercing participation?,[object Object]
The Bottom Line,[object Object],Clinical trials appear to be a necessary component of medical research.,[object Object],The ethical issues associated with clinical trials are numerous, and often involve patient autonomy and well-being juxtaposed with the duties of physicians and benefits to future generations (in addition to the standard worries about informed consent).,[object Object],It’s not clear that informed consent is the “magic” solution to ethical issues related to clinical trials.,[object Object]

More Related Content

What's hot

Informed consent in Clinical Trials
Informed consent in Clinical TrialsInformed consent in Clinical Trials
Informed consent in Clinical TrialsKaushik Mukhopadhyay
 
Case control study
Case control studyCase control study
Case control studyTimiresh Das
 
The Belmont Report (Three Benchmark Rules)
The Belmont Report (Three Benchmark Rules)The Belmont Report (Three Benchmark Rules)
The Belmont Report (Three Benchmark Rules)ClinosolIndia
 
declaration of helsinki ppt
declaration of helsinki pptdeclaration of helsinki ppt
declaration of helsinki pptUttara Joshi
 
Blinding in clinical trilas
Blinding in clinical trilas Blinding in clinical trilas
Blinding in clinical trilas Tarek Tawfik Amin
 
Randomisation techniques
Randomisation techniquesRandomisation techniques
Randomisation techniquesUrmila Aswar
 
Clinical trial phases, requirements and regulations
Clinical trial  phases, requirements and regulationsClinical trial  phases, requirements and regulations
Clinical trial phases, requirements and regulationsDr. Siddhartha Dutta
 
Observational study
Observational  study Observational  study
Observational study GamitKinjal
 
Introduction to clinical research
Introduction to clinical researchIntroduction to clinical research
Introduction to clinical researchSuman Baishnab
 
ETHICAL GUIDELINES FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH ON HUMAN PARTICIPANTS
ETHICAL GUIDELINES FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH ON HUMAN PARTICIPANTSETHICAL GUIDELINES FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH ON HUMAN PARTICIPANTS
ETHICAL GUIDELINES FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH ON HUMAN PARTICIPANTSjyothibhat21
 
institutional ethics committee
institutional ethics committeeinstitutional ethics committee
institutional ethics committeeSirisha Annavarapu
 
Study design in research
Study design in  research Study design in  research
Study design in research Kusum Gaur
 
The Declaration of Helsinki
The Declaration of HelsinkiThe Declaration of Helsinki
The Declaration of HelsinkiPradeep H
 
Observational descriptive study: case report, case series & ecological study
Observational descriptive study: case report, case series & ecological studyObservational descriptive study: case report, case series & ecological study
Observational descriptive study: case report, case series & ecological studyPrabesh Ghimire
 
Clinical trials its types and designs
Clinical trials  its types and designsClinical trials  its types and designs
Clinical trials its types and designsDevesh Aggarwal
 

What's hot (20)

Informed consent in Clinical Trials
Informed consent in Clinical TrialsInformed consent in Clinical Trials
Informed consent in Clinical Trials
 
Bias and errors
Bias and errorsBias and errors
Bias and errors
 
Case control study
Case control studyCase control study
Case control study
 
The Belmont Report (Three Benchmark Rules)
The Belmont Report (Three Benchmark Rules)The Belmont Report (Three Benchmark Rules)
The Belmont Report (Three Benchmark Rules)
 
Bias in Research
Bias in ResearchBias in Research
Bias in Research
 
declaration of helsinki ppt
declaration of helsinki pptdeclaration of helsinki ppt
declaration of helsinki ppt
 
Bias in clinical research
Bias in clinical research Bias in clinical research
Bias in clinical research
 
Blinding in clinical trilas
Blinding in clinical trilas Blinding in clinical trilas
Blinding in clinical trilas
 
Randomisation techniques
Randomisation techniquesRandomisation techniques
Randomisation techniques
 
Clinical trial phases, requirements and regulations
Clinical trial  phases, requirements and regulationsClinical trial  phases, requirements and regulations
Clinical trial phases, requirements and regulations
 
Observational study
Observational  study Observational  study
Observational study
 
Introduction to clinical research
Introduction to clinical researchIntroduction to clinical research
Introduction to clinical research
 
ETHICAL GUIDELINES FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH ON HUMAN PARTICIPANTS
ETHICAL GUIDELINES FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH ON HUMAN PARTICIPANTSETHICAL GUIDELINES FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH ON HUMAN PARTICIPANTS
ETHICAL GUIDELINES FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH ON HUMAN PARTICIPANTS
 
institutional ethics committee
institutional ethics committeeinstitutional ethics committee
institutional ethics committee
 
Study design in research
Study design in  research Study design in  research
Study design in research
 
Clinical trials
Clinical trialsClinical trials
Clinical trials
 
Observational study design
Observational study designObservational study design
Observational study design
 
The Declaration of Helsinki
The Declaration of HelsinkiThe Declaration of Helsinki
The Declaration of Helsinki
 
Observational descriptive study: case report, case series & ecological study
Observational descriptive study: case report, case series & ecological studyObservational descriptive study: case report, case series & ecological study
Observational descriptive study: case report, case series & ecological study
 
Clinical trials its types and designs
Clinical trials  its types and designsClinical trials  its types and designs
Clinical trials its types and designs
 

Viewers also liked

Clinical trials: Terminology
Clinical trials: TerminologyClinical trials: Terminology
Clinical trials: TerminologyPradeep H
 
Phases in clinical trial
Phases in clinical trialPhases in clinical trial
Phases in clinical trialUpendra Agarwal
 
Key Concepts of Clinical Research & Clinical Trial
Key Concepts of Clinical Research & Clinical Trial Key Concepts of Clinical Research & Clinical Trial
Key Concepts of Clinical Research & Clinical Trial SWAROOP KUMAR K
 
Ethical Considerations In Clinical Trials
Ethical  Considerations In  Clinical  TrialsEthical  Considerations In  Clinical  Trials
Ethical Considerations In Clinical Trialskrathishbopanna
 
Clinical Research Presentation
Clinical Research PresentationClinical Research Presentation
Clinical Research Presentationdeepikashankar
 
Clinical Trials Introduction
Clinical Trials IntroductionClinical Trials Introduction
Clinical Trials Introductionbiinoida
 
Ethical issues in research
Ethical issues in researchEthical issues in research
Ethical issues in researchR.Harish Kumar
 
Introduction to clinical research
Introduction to clinical researchIntroduction to clinical research
Introduction to clinical researchPradeep H
 
Clinical research ppt,
Clinical research   ppt,Clinical research   ppt,
Clinical research ppt,Malay Singh
 
Drug development and clinical trial phases
Drug development and clinical trial phasesDrug development and clinical trial phases
Drug development and clinical trial phasesSunil Boreddy Rx
 

Viewers also liked (12)

Clinical trials: Terminology
Clinical trials: TerminologyClinical trials: Terminology
Clinical trials: Terminology
 
Phases in clinical trial
Phases in clinical trialPhases in clinical trial
Phases in clinical trial
 
Key Concepts of Clinical Research & Clinical Trial
Key Concepts of Clinical Research & Clinical Trial Key Concepts of Clinical Research & Clinical Trial
Key Concepts of Clinical Research & Clinical Trial
 
Ethical Considerations In Clinical Trials
Ethical  Considerations In  Clinical  TrialsEthical  Considerations In  Clinical  Trials
Ethical Considerations In Clinical Trials
 
Clinical Research Presentation
Clinical Research PresentationClinical Research Presentation
Clinical Research Presentation
 
Clinical Trials Introduction
Clinical Trials IntroductionClinical Trials Introduction
Clinical Trials Introduction
 
Ethical issues in research
Ethical issues in researchEthical issues in research
Ethical issues in research
 
Introduction to clinical research
Introduction to clinical researchIntroduction to clinical research
Introduction to clinical research
 
Clinical research ppt,
Clinical research   ppt,Clinical research   ppt,
Clinical research ppt,
 
Clinical Trial Phases
Clinical Trial PhasesClinical Trial Phases
Clinical Trial Phases
 
Drug development and clinical trial phases
Drug development and clinical trial phasesDrug development and clinical trial phases
Drug development and clinical trial phases
 
Clinical Trials - An Introduction
Clinical Trials - An IntroductionClinical Trials - An Introduction
Clinical Trials - An Introduction
 

Similar to The ethics of clinical trials

Evidence-based applicability in clinical setting
Evidence-based  applicability in clinical settingEvidence-based  applicability in clinical setting
Evidence-based applicability in clinical settingElhadi Miskeen
 
(clinical trial overview)
 (clinical trial overview) (clinical trial overview)
(clinical trial overview)Rajesh Yadav
 
Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)
Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)
Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)Elsayed Salih
 
Evidence based medicine
Evidence based medicineEvidence based medicine
Evidence based medicineDr Vaziri
 
Clinical SAS Programming | SAS Training | Big Data | Hadoop | Business Analyt...
Clinical SAS Programming | SAS Training | Big Data | Hadoop | Business Analyt...Clinical SAS Programming | SAS Training | Big Data | Hadoop | Business Analyt...
Clinical SAS Programming | SAS Training | Big Data | Hadoop | Business Analyt...Epochresearch
 
Principles of drug trial in cardiology
Principles of drug trial in cardiology Principles of drug trial in cardiology
Principles of drug trial in cardiology Ramachandra Barik
 
evidence based periodontics
 evidence based periodontics    evidence based periodontics
evidence based periodontics neeti shinde
 
Importance of clinical trials in drug discovery
Importance of clinical trials in drug discoveryImportance of clinical trials in drug discovery
Importance of clinical trials in drug discoveryKarunaMane1
 
HLinc presentation: levels of evidence
HLinc presentation:  levels of evidenceHLinc presentation:  levels of evidence
HLinc presentation: levels of evidenceCatherineVoutier
 
The randomised controlled trial (RCT) .pptx
The randomised controlled trial (RCT) .pptxThe randomised controlled trial (RCT) .pptx
The randomised controlled trial (RCT) .pptxPRITIBISANE
 
Clinical trials: exploring your options - Deirdre McDonnell
Clinical trials: exploring your options - Deirdre McDonnellClinical trials: exploring your options - Deirdre McDonnell
Clinical trials: exploring your options - Deirdre McDonnellIrish Cancer Society
 
Clinical trials - ECRAN Project
Clinical trials - ECRAN ProjectClinical trials - ECRAN Project
Clinical trials - ECRAN ProjectScienzainrete
 

Similar to The ethics of clinical trials (20)

Study Eligibility Criteria
Study Eligibility CriteriaStudy Eligibility Criteria
Study Eligibility Criteria
 
Evidence Based Medicine - Overview
Evidence Based Medicine - OverviewEvidence Based Medicine - Overview
Evidence Based Medicine - Overview
 
Evidence-based applicability in clinical setting
Evidence-based  applicability in clinical settingEvidence-based  applicability in clinical setting
Evidence-based applicability in clinical setting
 
(clinical trial overview)
 (clinical trial overview) (clinical trial overview)
(clinical trial overview)
 
Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)
Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)
Introduction to Evidence Based Medicine (EBM)
 
Evidence based medicine
Evidence based medicineEvidence based medicine
Evidence based medicine
 
Evidence based practice
Evidence based practice Evidence based practice
Evidence based practice
 
EBN.pptx
EBN.pptxEBN.pptx
EBN.pptx
 
Clinical SAS Programming | SAS Training | Big Data | Hadoop | Business Analyt...
Clinical SAS Programming | SAS Training | Big Data | Hadoop | Business Analyt...Clinical SAS Programming | SAS Training | Big Data | Hadoop | Business Analyt...
Clinical SAS Programming | SAS Training | Big Data | Hadoop | Business Analyt...
 
Principles of drug trial in cardiology
Principles of drug trial in cardiology Principles of drug trial in cardiology
Principles of drug trial in cardiology
 
Clinical trials
Clinical trialsClinical trials
Clinical trials
 
RCT CH1.ppt
RCT CH1.pptRCT CH1.ppt
RCT CH1.ppt
 
evidence based periodontics
 evidence based periodontics    evidence based periodontics
evidence based periodontics
 
Importance of clinical trials in drug discovery
Importance of clinical trials in drug discoveryImportance of clinical trials in drug discovery
Importance of clinical trials in drug discovery
 
HLinc presentation: levels of evidence
HLinc presentation:  levels of evidenceHLinc presentation:  levels of evidence
HLinc presentation: levels of evidence
 
The randomised controlled trial (RCT) .pptx
The randomised controlled trial (RCT) .pptxThe randomised controlled trial (RCT) .pptx
The randomised controlled trial (RCT) .pptx
 
Clinical trials: exploring your options - Deirdre McDonnell
Clinical trials: exploring your options - Deirdre McDonnellClinical trials: exploring your options - Deirdre McDonnell
Clinical trials: exploring your options - Deirdre McDonnell
 
trials.pptx
trials.pptxtrials.pptx
trials.pptx
 
Clinical trials - ECRAN Project
Clinical trials - ECRAN ProjectClinical trials - ECRAN Project
Clinical trials - ECRAN Project
 
When to Select Observational Studies Quiz
When to Select Observational Studies QuizWhen to Select Observational Studies Quiz
When to Select Observational Studies Quiz
 

More from eliweber1980

Is Death Bad for the One Who Dies?: Annihilation by Steven Luper
Is Death Bad for the One Who Dies?:  Annihilation by Steven LuperIs Death Bad for the One Who Dies?:  Annihilation by Steven Luper
Is Death Bad for the One Who Dies?: Annihilation by Steven Lupereliweber1980
 
What's wrong with genetic enhancement
What's wrong with genetic enhancementWhat's wrong with genetic enhancement
What's wrong with genetic enhancementeliweber1980
 
Informed consent and vulnerable populations
Informed consent and vulnerable populationsInformed consent and vulnerable populations
Informed consent and vulnerable populationseliweber1980
 
Euthanasia and physician assisted suicide
Euthanasia and physician assisted suicideEuthanasia and physician assisted suicide
Euthanasia and physician assisted suicideeliweber1980
 
The ethics of genetic control
The ethics of genetic controlThe ethics of genetic control
The ethics of genetic controleliweber1980
 
Relationships in medical ethics
Relationships in medical ethicsRelationships in medical ethics
Relationships in medical ethicseliweber1980
 
Autonomy and informed consent
Autonomy and informed consentAutonomy and informed consent
Autonomy and informed consenteliweber1980
 
The current moral status of animal experimentation (
The current moral status of animal experimentation (The current moral status of animal experimentation (
The current moral status of animal experimentation (eliweber1980
 

More from eliweber1980 (13)

Module 2 clip #7
Module 2 clip #7Module 2 clip #7
Module 2 clip #7
 
Module 2 clip #2
Module 2 clip #2Module 2 clip #2
Module 2 clip #2
 
Module 1, clip #5
Module 1, clip #5Module 1, clip #5
Module 1, clip #5
 
Module 1, clip #3
Module 1, clip #3Module 1, clip #3
Module 1, clip #3
 
Module 1, clip #2
Module 1, clip #2Module 1, clip #2
Module 1, clip #2
 
Is Death Bad for the One Who Dies?: Annihilation by Steven Luper
Is Death Bad for the One Who Dies?:  Annihilation by Steven LuperIs Death Bad for the One Who Dies?:  Annihilation by Steven Luper
Is Death Bad for the One Who Dies?: Annihilation by Steven Luper
 
What's wrong with genetic enhancement
What's wrong with genetic enhancementWhat's wrong with genetic enhancement
What's wrong with genetic enhancement
 
Informed consent and vulnerable populations
Informed consent and vulnerable populationsInformed consent and vulnerable populations
Informed consent and vulnerable populations
 
Euthanasia and physician assisted suicide
Euthanasia and physician assisted suicideEuthanasia and physician assisted suicide
Euthanasia and physician assisted suicide
 
The ethics of genetic control
The ethics of genetic controlThe ethics of genetic control
The ethics of genetic control
 
Relationships in medical ethics
Relationships in medical ethicsRelationships in medical ethics
Relationships in medical ethics
 
Autonomy and informed consent
Autonomy and informed consentAutonomy and informed consent
Autonomy and informed consent
 
The current moral status of animal experimentation (
The current moral status of animal experimentation (The current moral status of animal experimentation (
The current moral status of animal experimentation (
 

Recently uploaded

Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational PhilosophyShuvankar Madhu
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...CaraSkikne1
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesMohammad Hassany
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapitolTechU
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptxmary850239
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsEugene Lysak
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRATanmoy Mishra
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...raviapr7
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17Celine George
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxKatherine Villaluna
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxiammrhaywood
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfYu Kanazawa / Osaka University
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphNetziValdelomar1
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxraviapr7
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxAditiChauhan701637
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxheathfieldcps1
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education  and Educational PhilosophyPhilosophy of Education  and Educational Philosophy
Philosophy of Education and Educational Philosophy
 
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
5 charts on South Africa as a source country for international student recrui...
 
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
How to Add Existing Field in One2Many Tree View in Odoo 17
 
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming ClassesHuman-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
Human-AI Co-Creation of Worked Examples for Programming Classes
 
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17How to Solve Singleton Error in the  Odoo 17
How to Solve Singleton Error in the Odoo 17
 
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptxCapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
CapTechU Doctoral Presentation -March 2024 slides.pptx
 
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx3.21.24  The Origins of Black Power.pptx
3.21.24 The Origins of Black Power.pptx
 
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George WellsThe Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
The Stolen Bacillus by Herbert George Wells
 
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRADUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
DUST OF SNOW_BY ROBERT FROST_EDITED BY_ TANMOY MISHRA
 
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
How to Make a Field read-only in Odoo 17
 
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
Patient Counselling. Definition of patient counseling; steps involved in pati...
 
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
How to Use api.constrains ( ) in Odoo 17
 
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptxPractical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
Practical Research 1 Lesson 9 Scope and delimitation.pptx
 
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptxAUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
AUDIENCE THEORY -- FANDOM -- JENKINS.pptx
 
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdfP4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
P4C x ELT = P4ELT: Its Theoretical Background (Kanazawa, 2024 March).pdf
 
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a ParagraphPresentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
Presentation on the Basics of Writing. Writing a Paragraph
 
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptxClinical Pharmacy  Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
Clinical Pharmacy Introduction to Clinical Pharmacy, Concept of clinical pptx
 
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptxIn - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
In - Vivo and In - Vitro Correlation.pptx
 
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdfPersonal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
Personal Resilience in Project Management 2 - TV Edit 1a.pdf
 
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptxThe basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
The basics of sentences session 10pptx.pptx
 

The ethics of clinical trials

  • 1.
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.